Module 5 Unit 1Module 5 Unit 1

Grammar & Grammar & usageusage

高二 英语

湖南师大附中 刘淑英

ReadingReading

•Read the contents on P8 and try to get more about the infinitive.

Active

Voice

Passive

Voice

Base form to do to be done

Perfect formto have

done

to have been

done

Continuous

form

to be

doing

Tenses of the infinitiveTenses of the infinitive

Two main kinds of Two main kinds of infinitivesinfinitives

• The to-infinitive & The bare infinitive

PS: Here please pay attention to the usage of “to”. It can both function as a preposition and the symbol of an infinitive.

be used to doing sth used to do sth

Functions of the Functions of the infinitive in the infinitive in the

sentencessentences

• Subject of a sentence

• Object

• Object complement

• Attribute

• Predicative

• Adverbial

The infinitive functions as the subject of the sentence.

E.G.1. To decorate the Christmas tree is my task.2. To talk with your mouth full is rude.3. To become a lawyer was his childhood dream.★ 当不定式作主语时 , 常用 it 作形式主语 , 而将真正的

主语放在句子后面保持句子的平衡 .a. It is my task to decorate the Christmas tree.b. It is rude to talk with your mouth full.c. It is his childhood dream to become a lawy

er.

The infinitive functions as the object.

He managed to solve the problem by himself.

I like to read newspaper articles about sports.

PS:① 动词不定式在句中作宾语时 , 如果带有宾语补足语 , 要用 it 作形式宾语

I don’t think it right to do it in that way.

I find it hard to get along with him.

The infinitive functions as the object.

② “ 疑问代词 / 疑问副词 + 不定式”常常用作动词或是介词的宾语

I don’t know where to spend my holiday.

Have you decided when to marry?

The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1

• 常需要不定式作宾补的动词有 :

allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, love, hate, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc

通常这样的动词接这样的结构Verb +sb/sth + to do sth

The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1

E.G.1. The teachers don’t allow us to use E-dictionary while doing reading comprehension.

2. I want you to read the whole passage again.

The infinitive functions as the object complement. 2

动词后接不定式 + to be 的结构的动词有 : Believe, consider, discover, find, judge, p

rove, think, etc ( 有时候可以省略 to be)

E.G.1. We all believe Jordan to be the top basketb

all player in all time.

2. I consider him to be one of the best teachers in our school.

The infinitive functions As the attribute.

•通常情况下不定式做定语 ,放在所修饰中心词的后面做后置定语 .不定式和定语从句之间实现互换 .

E.G. 1. I have a lot of homework to do. =I have a lot of homework that I have to do.

2. I have no one to talk to. =I have no one that I can talk to.

The infinitive functions as the predicative.

• 当不定式充当表语的时候 , 表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作

E.G. 1. My wish is to be a doctor.2. What she wants to do is to tell you a

secret.3. His plan is to go abroad and continue

his studies.

The infinitive functions as the predicative.

PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当表语 , 两者的区别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为 .

1.His job is delivering the letters to their destinations.

2.My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.

The infinitive functions as the adverbial.

• 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。在这样的语法功能下要注意不定式的逻辑主语和句子主语一致的情况。

• 作为目的状语时，为了强调在不定式前可以加 in order和 so as, in order to 可放在句首， so as to 则不可以

• 作结果状语，常有下列的一些结构 so… as to; such … as to; enough… to; too … to; etc

The infinitive functions as the adverbial.

E.G. 1. To get there on time, I got up early.

2. That day they were separated, never to see each other again.

3. Sam was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.

Bare infinitive 1Bare infinitive 1

1. 使役动词 let, have, make 后E.G.a. The boss made the employees work ten hours

a day.

b. I will let you see my computer tomorrow.

c. The teacher had her students finish the work within five minutes.

Bare infinitive 1Bare infinitive 12. 感官动词 see, watch, notice , observe, h

ear, listen to, smell, feel 等后 . 注意：被动语态中不能省去 to 。

a. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.

b. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.

Bare infinitive 2Bare infinitive 2• would rather ， had better 句型后E.G. I don’t like the film. I’d rather stay at home.

• Why… / why not… 句型后• help 后可带 to ，也可不带 to, help sb (to) d

o sth ：• 当有 and, or, except, but, than, rather than

连接两个动词不定式的时候 , 第二个动词不定式常使用成不带 to 的动词不定式

Bare infinitive 2Bare infinitive 2E.G.• I forgot to turn off the lights and close the

door when I left.

• Sandy does not want to stay at home but go to the cinema.

• We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.

A Letter(P9)A Letter(P9)•1. to thank 2.to talk•3.to have 4.e-mail•5.to receive 6.to go•7.watch 8.borrow•9.visit 10.spend•11.wrote 12.tell•13.to see 14.make•15.come

Verb-ing as a nouVerb-ing as a nounn

Gerund

Reading(10)Reading(10)

•Read the text and try to get more information about v-ing.

Verb-ing forms can be used as nouns in a sentence and function:

1.as a subject

2.as an object

3.after prepositions

4.after possessive pronouns

5.in compound nouns

We use Verb-ing after the following words:

•admit; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; delay; deny; endure; enjoy; escape; fancy; finish; imagine; mind; miss; postpone; practice; recall; resume; resist; risk; suggest; face; include; stand; understand; forgive; keep; etc

phrases used with Verb-ing forms:• admit to; prefer…to; be used to; lead to;

devote oneself to; object to; stick to; no good; no use; be fond of; look forward to; be proud of; be busy; can't help; be tired of; be capable of; be afraid of; think of; burst out; keep on; insist on; count on; set about; put off; be good at; take up; give up; be successful in; etc

Four kinds of verbsFour kinds of verbs

•后接不定式作宾语的动词want, hope, wish, plan, manage,

refuse, learn, etc•后接 V-ing 形式作宾语的动词enjoy, mind, suggest, practise, i

magine, avoid, etc

Four kinds of verbsFour kinds of verbs

•后接不定式或是 V-ing 为宾语的动词 , 但两者差别不大

start, begin, etc•后接不定式或是 V-ing 为宾语的动

词 , 但意思不同try, remember, forget, regret, st

op, go on, etc

Finish the e-mail(P11)Finish the e-mail(P11)

• 1.visiting/to visit • 2.chatting 3.visiting • 4.pretending• 5.chatting/to chat • 6.stop 7.chatting • 8.to do 9.pass

1. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

2. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ____ our studies.

A.get down to B. get out B.C. get back for D. get over

D

A

3. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A. That B. it C. this D. him

4. Last summer I took a course on _____.

A.how to make dresses B. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made

B

A

5. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.

A.It what to do with B. what to do it withC. What to do with it D. to do what with it

C

6. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party.

A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change7. It seems that he has no pen ____.A. To write B. to write with C. Writing D. writing with

A

B

8. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ____ in making the earth a better place to live.

A. To have played B. to playC. To be played D. to be playing9. The news reporters hurried to the

airport, only ___ the film stars had left.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

B

B

10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.

A.in order to have received B. in order to receiveC. so as to be received

D. so as to be receivng26

C

11. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he has going in the right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see12. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle

in the street, but his mother told him ___.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

D

A

13. ----I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

----Not at all. ___.A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d happy to14. ----I didn’t go to see the doctor yest

erday. ----But you ____.A. ought B. ought to C. oughted to D. ought to have

D

D

15. ----Does your brother intend to study in Germany?

----yes, he intends ____.A./ B. to C. so D. that

B

HomeworkHomework

•1.Finish C1C2.•2.Finish Reading A.