Modul Epidemiologi Klinik

8/11/2019 Modul Epidemiologi Klinik

1/20

!! " !# $% &"

%' !" & "!(& !" ! " " "

" )& !" )!!* +% ) ( )! !

" " ) , " %% %!#* ((

% "!)" ! -! ( !& ! " " (#

% -! )!!"*

### " ) ( # #"$

! ' !" & "# #& ( ! " "*

("& # #! ))! ,!) " " #"

)! )! "!( )! %*

& #! ( &" "!)" - "

&" & "!" "! " ,!) # ,!) *# " "! " "! ""# #

)# )) )" ! ( "!)"* " ))!

,!) # )!" " "!(& " &"' " &

! ! " " !"

* - " )# )" %%#*

. . . .

%%# (! "!) "!"!

)!)# # " " ( % "!""

! " " # / "*

0!) # %"! ) $ #%'

"!' !% &) !1" ,' %%# )

)!%!" % " !% "' -#' ,

!-*


2/20


3/20


4/20


5/20

)# )! ! %%# " (1) # #-

"##& $! " ( )!)# - * +!

( "( % !%%! " $! )#:;!"%!; 2" ( 3 &)":;%"%!; " )&&

%!# !" " &"*

' ' ' '

%%#' " "!"# " #! $! (

2#' !# (# )" "#"3' "" (# # !%%!*

!! "!)" 2$ !%%!3 ! )# "!

! 2)#3 2&)"3

5* "%5* "%5* "%5* "%

%-! )# "! )#' )" )#' < 7

" =:&*

>%"%7 !"% ! 1" )" -" 5 ! 8???

5*??? 7 8*??? ?'@ ! )!)# 5 1" " @? ! " "

5?? 1"* !"% ! 1" 578*

8* !%%!8* !%%!8* !%%!8* !%%!

!%%! ! )" ! !"%' %"%!2&)"3 "! (# !"%! 2)#3 &

&" )" !"*

>%"%7 !%%! )" )!( 1" -" 0 5

! 8??? 8*???:4*??? = 5??A B CCA

4444* "* "* "* "

" ! "# $! ( " &" !% 1"

"!""* " !# # )# ! !)# " %

)!) " % 1" )!)* ! )# " " " $"%! "%%# 2&))3 )#

!)# 2"!(&3 &" % )!)*


6/20

# ! 2 3 #! $! )& ! %

"!"" "# )!! "!, 1" "" "!""' !"

%% ! ) "!""' !" ( )&' !" "" %

%% * 0& &" !( )!% 23 &" !5???*

! % 2>03 !%%! ( )& ! !%

" "!"" )# % !"# "*

*

"% 0& # 0!" 0 ! 2!"% 003 ( )& !

# )!" ! D 8*@?? #! !% 1" "!"" )#

( ! %! !% 1" *

0000

!! # " %!)" !,' '

""- !" !% !"$' ""!)") !' ""!)") ! !-"*

!, 23 % !" &" 2 )!

3 ! % )!% !" &" "!)" !% 1"

"!""*

Jumlah jumlah bayi yang lahir hidup

pada periode tahun tertentu

populasi (jumlah penduduk)

pada pertengahan tahun

X 1000CBR =

Jumlah jumlah bayi yang lahir hidup

dengan berat lahir < 2.500 gr selama

periode waktu yang tertentu

Jumlah kelahiran hidup yang dilaporkanselama periode waktu tertentu

Ratio

BBLR = X 10x

Jumlah orang yang menderita sakit

pada periode waktu tertentu

Jumlah populasi yang berisiko

Pada periode waktu tertentu

P = X 10x


7/20

!, ) ( " &" & ' #!

"!( 1" "!"" 2"" 1"3 & 5 !' #"

)' & ' #! "!( !%

1" "!"" & " 5EEE )*

23 # )! ! " &" ! % )!% !% 1" "!""*

>%"% 7 " 5EF? %! )& 58C &" G+ !" % )! 8?*???' # &" "!)"

58C:8?*??? = 5??? B C'4 :5??? %*

( % 23 ( )! &" "!"" %!

!% 1" "!(& ! %* >%"%7 " ( !

) 2!"3 "!" 8C %! " 1&' 5@ ! "!)"

1" # 8@ !* % ! "!)"

C? 1" 8?? !* 7

""- !" ! B 8@:8?? = 5?? B 58'@

""- !" 1" B 5@:C? = 5?? B 8@

""- !" ! B H?:8C? = 5?? B 5@'4

% !"$ 23 !(" !% % "! &" !

"!! $"%! !% "! % "! &" "" " "!!

" $"%! !%*

RR = a(a+b)/d(c+d)

Penyakit

+ -

+a b

Faktor

risiko - c d

I =

Jumlah kasus baru yang menderita sakit

pada periode waktu tertentu

Jumlah populasi yang berisiko

Pada periode waktu tertentu

X 10x


8/20

("!" "! % "! &" !

"!! $"%! !% # % "! &" "" " "!!

$"%! !%*

("!" !" ! # ""!)") ! )# (

% "! &" ! "!! $"%! !%

%!"" ! ! $! " % $

"!, 1" "" "!""*

! %2>3 "%" ( % ## )# "%"

( %

) % 23 "%" ( " " "

)!! !# ! " " )# ( )& ! "

*

) % 23 "!" & " "

( ! 8F ## ## ! )& 5 ##' *

" " )& ! ## 5 ) & *

" " )& ! 5 ) ## 5 "*

# " ) 23 ( " )) % &))

)!" # ' ! $ !% 1"

"!"" )# ( ! %! !% 1"

CMR=

Total populasi yang meninggal

Total jumlah populasiX 105

IMR=

Total kematian dalam satu tahun

anak umur kurang dari satu tahun

Total bayi lahir hidup pada tahun yang sama

Jumlah kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyebab yang

berkaitan dgn kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas selama

periode waktu tertentu

jumlah kelahiran hidup yang dilaporkan selama periode

waktu yang sama


9/20

% 2>+3 # " )) % &"

"!"" !% 1" "!"" )# ( ! &" "!)"*

>%"% 7 !" &" - "!-"" )! 5???

@? "!& ## % ! - "!)"* >+ &"

-7 @?:5??? = 5?? B @

" 5" 5" 5" 5

" "!)" " ! " 0

)" " 5EEE* G"# 7

* - !" " 5EEE

)* %" !,- 0 "$ 5 ! 5EEE

-* !% !,- 0 "$ " 5EEE

* " )! 0 "$ !% 5EEE

* !%,% - $""& !" 0 " 5EEE

Kategori Jumlah

Populasi Kabupaten A I Juli 1999

Kasus TB aktif yang tercatat diregister 1 Januari 1999

Kasus reaktif TB selama tahun1999

Jumlah kasus baru TB aktif yangtercatat selama tahun 1999

Kematian akibat TB aktif

(provisional) diantara kasus baruTB aktif

208.232.000

44.000

3.500

32.882

4.550

Jumlah kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit

tertentu pada periode waktu tertentu

jumlah kasus dari penyakit tersebut


10/20

( ! " %%# # &" -#

&" !! )) , &!"

"#* " %%# " # " #"$ !%

&"' $"%!$"%! !%%"$ !,"$ !" $" " "!"""! " % "* -! #! )! 8 !-# %%#

!# &" " %)!,"% " !"*

09090909

)!,% " ! " " " %%#* !"

( " %)!,% &" !"$ "* " "

"!" ))! "! $

>!% -"%>!% -"%>!% -"%>!% -"%

" 2%"%# "#3 )" (# !, ' !# #

" !! !, &" " $"%! !% " %*

# )# !, &" "! %%%% %'

$ )!! ! "! " $"%! !%*

## " ! !, & # "

-" $ 2" $%%1 3' "" ! )# ))

)" " ! #! ( &" ! $"%!

!% 1" )!*

> -%"!%> -%"!%> -%"!%> -%"!%

" ! &" "!"" %'

&" "!)" "$ " ! "!#% 2

3 " " !% "!"" 2!!' 3' 3 -!

"!)" )& "!! " $"%! !% 2=%!3 "

"' %"!% )# )# " - &" ,

" !" "* #! $ ! " !)# % "!!

$"%! !% "! !" " %"!%* -# -

-%"!% !"$ -"' " "! )! - !"*

-# " (!# "!( 2 3*


11/20

)# -%"%' " G!)" #" "!"

"&")"!% ")& !% ,#

# " ! ! 1" !(' #

)# !% ! "!)" # %"!%' & !

! " !" !*

B :)- B :)- B :)- B :)-

>%%!">%%!">%%!">%%!"

!-# -%%!"' )& " " ( !

"!)) ! &" ""* "!& "!" )& "

"!! " $"%! !% # "" # )!,!'

" "!! $"%! !% "!)"* ## %% "

2$%%1 3 " #" - %"-% )! &"* #!

$ ! ! !)# !% "! )& "! &"

! "!! $"%! !% "! % "! &" "" "

"!! " $"%! !%*

populasi

Kasus

Eksposur (-)

Eks osur +

Eks osur -

Eks osur +

Kasus

Karsinoma vagina

+ -

+a b

Pemakaiandiethylstill

bestrol -c d


12/20

" %%# & !"* %%# !"

-! "!! ! ( 2+ :>3 ( -#

2'' 3* > # " & # " " 2%)"'

!%! "!3 # ( -# & ( , " &

# 2))3 ,*

-# > )& # " #, !%#! !,"$ "

"! )!* " )& % -! !% (

%% "! %% %"!%* " %"-% #*

-# " )# )!" 7

" ( #! !" " !-

$%! ! ! "##' &" %' %!' "!,

!"%*

% % % % "!! " " ) "#%!* "!! ! "#%!

)" %"%' "# " ) %"%* "#%! )!$" "! -! "#

2!! ,!'3 )( "!)# ) 2' ,!'3*>%"% 7 ( 2!' 1"3' "" !1 2' (#'

(: "' (: -!3

%! %! %! %! ") "' &" !((# !" "##* G

)) "#%!"#%! !"* ! "! "#%! " ! *

>%"% 7 ) !%% 2) !%%' !%% !#' !%% #'

!%% )!"3

populasi

Eksposur (+)

Eksposur (-)

Penyakit (+)

Penyakit (-)

Penyakit (+)

Penyakit (-)

populasi

outcome

outcometerapi

kontrol


13/20

"!, "!, "!, "!, (! "! " "#%! " !# "

% )%"' -%"% ! 25@ "' @5? "' "!&3

!"% $" "!, (# % )%"' &" % )!!"

!"!" ! " * >%"%7 )!" ) ! %#!*

-! #! )! "% # " " $ )# )!"

7

#":)!,' "% " ## ""

)!,! ! #" , ! # -! #"

! "! !" ! " ## ""

!" !%#!$' !%)%%# "

61-! "!"!"! # %! %! !*

## " %"!' -! !"$ " )!$%! !%!# ! % !" -! "!) " (!

!"1 " (

9 09 09 09 0

% " !# " #!' % )"

," !)"* " #! " , ( #!&

# )!& ! $% # !*

9" )" (# !* # #! " !) (

#!& !"$ ") & ) )!"* )" )" (#

! " !!%)"* G)# "! !)" ," "( #)! )1 7

" " ' " ! %!# -! "" #! "

!" #!" -! $"$* " "% ! &(

" !# # ' &" 7 &( ""' &( ")!'

&( ")!' &( #!$*

>%"% &( ""7 "! #1 ! $! ' !%%!

"!)! ! )! 4?4@ "' # 8C'8A #1 "!

"#%! * !%%! ! ! )!! 4CH? " ! 284'4A3* G& 5?4 #1 2H'EA3 )! " H? "

>%"% &( -! ")! 7 "! 5?? %!# #1 )

! $!' # "! ! "!)"7

4 " @? %!#

4@ " 8? %!#

@ I " 4? %!#


14/20

>%"% &( ")!

&( )" #!$ ! #! ) !#

&" 7 )! #!' #! $! ,!"' "%#!' #!' #!'

-""!*

>%"% )! #!7

>%"% #! #! 7

Jenis kelamin Jumlah orang

Pria 700

Wanita 300

Total 1.000

Persentase Rumah Tangga Di Kota dan Desa MenurutJenis Sarana Pembuangan Kotoran Tahun 1997

0102030405060708090

Lehe

rang

sa

Pleng

seng

an

Cemplun

g

Lain

-lain

Desa

Kota

Perkembangan Kualitas Bakteriologis Sampel Air

Bersih Non Perpipaan Tahun 1991 s/d 1997

53.8 53.6

72.4

48.3

19.09

39.27

51.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

MPMG >G >G >G

%%# " " -#* "

) " ! !)# ! &"* " " "!)"

$ $ *

!%! !,"%!%! !,"%!%! !,"%!%! !,"%

& ' )!%!" %% "!)#

")& " &"* ( ! !%! !,"% )!"( "

#" % )&' %%' % )#& & !

#" ( &"* !#" ! " % -!

! " %% "!""* >%"% !"! !" #

!# !%%*

!!& !,"%!!& !,"%!!& !,"%!!& !,"%

& ')!"( " &" #

%"!% "! &" $"%! !%&* !#" " ! "

% -! ! )!"( ! !% 2!

3' %% "!"" & !% "## "! &" 2

'! 3 ,, "* >%"%7 ##

%% " -# $ G9* !%#! #! &!"

#" )# ! G9 ! ! "

-# &)! G9 ! )# "!"# ! "

'*

-%!& !,"%-%!& !,"%-%!& !,"%-%!& !,"%

# ')!"( " !1" " !

% ! ! &" # #% "!*

" & &" " 1 ' &"

"!)" " "!* >%"%7 ! -!,=' ( !

" " " " # "!

"!! ! % ) ("*

!"!& !,"%!"!& !,"%!"!& !,"%!"!& !,"%

- ' )!"( " ! % ) (" !

&"' ! "!"#& "! !)"*

" "!- ! " 23' --"

2"3' #!# !" 2!))3*


17/20

>>>>

0 #- !( &" " -# !!

! & -# &" "!)* 0 !!& !,"% " "

" "!"$ &" " #%)"#! " &"&" ) " " # "

-# !!* -!# ! !%! " "

*

" )! !" #!

" #( 1 ! &" " &"*

# "$ &" " " # ##

#( 23 !' " !%! " -! -"

" , "& " "" # !"

&" *

#" &!# )!"( " " $! ( "

!1&" !( " " &" " -#

! !# &!"*

!"!" " ( &!# '$ " 23

#' #)#' #)#' #)#' #)

9" ! " ( &!# " ( " )!

"( 1 ""# , )!)! !" " !

" "* 9" ( & &" "," $"*

"," 2:I-3B"," 2:I-3B"," 2:I-3B"," 2:I-3B % " ( " (

-! "" ,, !" &"*

$" 2:-I3$" 2:-I3$" 2:-I3$" 2:-I3 B % " ( " (

-! "" ,, " !" &"*


18/20

%", !-", 9 2:I)3%", !-", 9 2:I)3%", !-", 9 2:I)3%", !-", 9 2:I)3 B !%))" & &" %!#

""& %"$

#", !-", 9 2:-I3#", !-", 9 2:-I3#", !-", 9 2:-I3#", !-", 9 2:-I3 B !%))" %!# )) ! &"

! "" #"$

. . . . %"$ 2:I- )# ):)I3%"$ 2:I- )# ):)I3%"$ 2:I- )# ):)I3%"$ 2:I- )# ):)I3 B !%))" " "" %"$

!" "

. ). ). ). ) 2-:I- )# :)I32-:I- )# :)I32-:I- )# :)I32-:I- )# :)I3 B !%))" " "" #"$

%!# " "

( "$ ! " &"&" $"& )!)& ""

)!& " %)"' & 0> $* # ( $

! " &"&" ( %"$ "

)& ' & !

# - % ( &!# ","

$" ## 5??A' "" " # ## )&

& "" # ! ) (*

" "!%)!,! "!%)!,!" "!%)!,! "!%)!,!" "!%)!,! "!%)!,!" "!%)!,! "!%)!,!

)" " " ( &!# #! $"%! &" 53 ,!

#! % "%& & ! ")" !# " ,!

!"!" 2,!) !3 !" $" ! ! %

83 ,! #"' "!( ! !) "! #"

2"' '3 ,! "! )- % #"

/"' '3

" 4" 4" 4" 4

) "" &!# "!)! " ! !, # ,

HF? 1" "!& "!" C? 1" !" !

!,* ! "" )! " %"$ @? ! C? %!#

"!)"*# & 5@ %!# )!)! " !" !*

G"# 7G"# 7G"# 7G"# 7

"$" $" " ( )! "!)"

!" ! $ %"$ $ #"$ ! ( "!)"*!, &"

%"$ #"$ ' '!" ( )! "!)"*

0! ))! -%"% '$ ''

'


19/20

> 9 > 9 > 9 > 9

!- & " 20 #' &3 ! "

!% " " "("( " ! & "

" "!"$ !%#! " - "( "!)"* #

, " !% -! "" "!! "

#" )# 2'3' $"$" 2))'3' $

! " !%#! *

>> >> >> >>

" !% !- , &"7 53

#! )!& :&" 2"! ) 3' 83 #"$

&)) ! &" 2! ) 3' 43 #! $"$" "!,' H3

$ ! )!)! #' @3#"

"!,' C3 #1 2%"%!#3 "!,' J3#! )

"! )

0000! %$ ! %$ ! %$ ! %$

! ) " " ! # !,' # ' #

%!"" " !! ##)! ! &" !"

--" " ! " *

!"


20/20

Modul Epidemiologi Klinik

Documents

Transcript of Modul Epidemiologi Klinik