Modul Cam Bien PIR

Nin Lun 1: Kho st ng dng module cm bin PIR SV: NG V MINH DNG MSSV:1090915

LI CAM OANNgy nay vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut gip con ngi chng ta rt nhiu. Vi vic thit k cc h thng t ng s gip t con ngi nhiu hn trong cng vic hng ngy. V vy em chn ti ny lm nin lun cho mnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, c th cn nhiu thiu st do kin thc hn ch nhng nhng ni dung trnh by trong quyn bo co ny l nhng hiu bit v thnh qu ca em t c di s gip ca ging vin hng dn l thy Dng Thi Bnh. Em xin cam oan rng: nhng ni dung trnh by trong quyn bo co nin lun ny khng phi l bn sao chp t bt k cng trnh c trc no. Nu khng ng s tht, em xin chu mi trch nhim trc nh trng. Cn Th, ngy 11 thng 11 nm 2011 Sinh vin thc hin ng V Minh Dng

GVHD: DNG THI BNH

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MC LCCHNG 1: ............................................................................................................................................. 3 TNG QUAN ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1. T VN TI ........................................................................................................................ 3 2. MC CH V HNG GII QUYT ....................................................................................... 3

2.1 Mc ch .....................................................................................................................3 2.2 Hng gii quyt......................................................................................................3CHNG 2: ............................................................................................................................................. 4 C S L THUYT ................................................................................................................................ 4 1. TM HIU CU TO CA MODULE CM BIN PIR............................................................... 4

1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5.

Tm hiu v cm bin PIR .......................................................................................4 Cu to ca cm bin PIR.......................................................................................4 Tm hiu module cm bin PIR ..............................................................................7 Cu to chung v mch nguyn l ca module cm bin PIR ........................8 Thit b hi t tia nhit cho module cm bin PIR ...........................................10

2. NGUYN L HOT NG CA MODULE CM BIN PIR ................................................. 11

2.1. Mi trng hot ng ca cm bin PIR...........................................................11 2.2. Nguyn tc hot ng ca module cm bin PIR ............................................11 2.3. Cc thng s c bn ca module cm bin PIR ..............................................143. MCH IN NG DNG VI CM BIN PIR ....................................................................... 15

3.1. Ghp ni module cm bin PIR vi relay ..........................................................15 3.2. Ghp ni module cm bin PIR vi transistor..................................................16 3.3. Ghp ni vi cc h vi iu khin.......................................................................174. MT S YU CU KHI S DNG .......................................................................................... 18 CHNG 3: ........................................................................................................................................... 18 NI DUNG V KT QU NGHIN CU............................................................................................. 18 1. CC NG DNG TRONG CUC SNG HNG NGY CA MODULE CM BIN PIR .. 18 2. PHN TCH CC H THNG NG DNG ............................................................................ 18

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

H thng chiu sng t ng ..............................................................................18 H thng iu khin qut t ng ......................................................................19 H thng camera quan st t ng ....................................................................19 H thng chng trm n gin ...........................................................................19 Cc h thng kt hp ng dng khc................................................................20

3. KT QU T C ............................................................................................................... 20 KT LUN V NGH ....................................................................................................................... 21 1. KT LUN .................................................................................................................................. 21 2. NGH...................................................................................................................................... 21 PH LC A: RELAY.............................................................................................................................. 22 TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................................................................... 23

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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN1. T VN TI Cuc sng ca chng ta tn ti cng lc vi nhiu thc th vt l, nhng th chng ta nhn bit c nh l cc vn ng c hc, tc dng ca nhit, ca nh sng, ca m thanh, mi v,.... Nhm mc ch gip con ngi nhn bit r hn cc vn ng trn cng nh nghin cu ra cc thit b gip ch cho con ngi trong cuc sng, ngi ta nghin cu ra cc loi cm bin (Sensor). Cm bin (Sensor) l thit b in t cm nhn nhng thay i t mi trng bn ngoi v bin i thnh cc tn hiu in iu khin cc thit b khc. Ngy nay c rt nhiu loi cm bin (Sensor) c to ra, nh cm bin nh sng, cm bin nhit , cm bin siu m, cm bin hng ngoi,.... Trong nin lun ny s kho st v tm hiu loi sensor dng pht hin cc vt th nng c chuyn ng ngang, quen gi l PIR motion detector. Yu cu t ra: nghin cu kho st v tm hiu cc ng dng ca module cm bin PIR. 2. MC CH V HNG GII QUYT 2.1 Mc ch Vic nghin cu v kho st ng dng ca Module PIR s gip chng ta to ra cc ng dng ca n vo cuc sng hng ngy, nhm gip ch cho con ngi! Vi module cm bin PIR chng ta s to thnh cc cng tc t ng thng minh, gip t ng ha cc thit b gia nh v c th xy dng cc h thng thng minh hu ch. 2.2 Hng gii quyt Tm hiu v cu to v cng dng ca module cm bin PIR, xy dng cc mch in ng dng s dng cng vi module cm bin PIR.

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CHNG 2: C S L THUYT1. TM HIU CU TO CA MODULE CM BIN PIR 1.1. Tm hiu v cm bin PIR PIR l vit tt ca ch Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR sensor), tc l b cm bin th ng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi . Tia hng ngoi (IR) chnh l cc tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th c nhit . Trong cc c th sng nh con ngi chng ta lun c thn nhit (thng thng l 37 C), v t c th chng ta s lun pht ra cc tia nhit, hay cn gi l cc tia hng ngoi, ngi ta s dng mt t bo in chuyn i tia nhit ra dng tn hiu in v nh m c th lm ra cm bin pht hin cc vt th nng ang chuyn ng. Cm bin ny gi l th ng v n khng dng ngun nhit t pht (lm ngun tch cc, hay ch ng) m ch ph thuc vo cc ngun nhit pht ra t bn ngoi, l thn nhit ca cc thc th khc, nh con ngi, con vt...

Hnh 11.2. Cu to ca cm bin PIR

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Hnh 2 Mi vt th u c cu to t cc phn t nh li ti, nhit l mt dng nng lng to ra t cc xao ng ca cc phn t, l cc chuyn ng hn lon, khng trt t. T cc xao ng ny, n pht ra cc tia nhit, bng cm gic thng thng ca gic quan, con ngi chng ta ni l sc nng. mi ngi ngun thn nhit thng n nh mc 37 C, l ngun nhit m ai cng c v nu dng linh kin cm ng thn nhit, chng ta s c thit b pht hin ra cc vt th pht ra tia nhit, chnh l tng m ngi ta ch ra thit b motion detector, iu khin theo ngun thn nhit chuyn ng. Da vo tng trn ngi ta dng vt liu pyroelectric lm cm bin d tia nhit, ngi ta kp vt liu pyroelectric gia 2 bn cc, khi c tc kch ca cc tia nhit, trn hai 2 bn cc s xut hiu tn hiu in v dng tn hiu in ny to ra cc ng dng, do tn hiu yu nn cn mch khuch i tn hiu. (Hnh 3)

Hnh 3

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T nguyn tc trn ngi ta to ra cm bin PIR bng cch gn 2 cm ng pyroelectric tia nhit nm ngang v c ni vo cc Gate ca mt transistor FET khuch i tn hiu in, c 3 ng ra, chn 1 (Drain) ni ngun Vcc, chn 2 (Source) tn hiu output ng ra ca cm bin, chn 3 (Ground) ni mass. Ngoi ra pha trn 2 cm ng pyroelectric tia nhit ngi ta gn thm mt tm knh lc ly tia nhit (tia hng ngoi). V c dng nh (Hnh 4).

Hnh 4

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1.3.

Tm hiu module cm bin PIR

Hnh 5

Hnh 6

Pha trn (Hnh 5 v Hnh 6) l hnh nh ca 1 module cm bin PIR. Module cm bin PIR ny l mt mch in c tch hp bao gm cm bin PIR cc mch chc nng nh mch khuch i, mch so snh v mch nh thi tt c cc khi c thit k thnh mt mch hon chnh. Mch c 3 chn kt ni gm mt chn ni ngun, mt chn ni mass v mt chn output tn hiu ng ra.

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1.4.

Cu to chung v mch nguyn l ca module cm bin PIR

Hnh 7

Cu to ca module cm bin PIR gm cc khi: cm bin PIR, khi khuch i tn hiu, khi so snh, khi nh thi delay v tn hiu c a ra cng tt t ng iu khin cc thit b khc. c m t hnh di y: Hnh 8

Hnh 8

Ngi ta thit k ra mt loi IC c tch hp tt c cc khi trn vo , IC c tn l BISS0001. IC BISS0001 c 16 chn v c hnh dng nh (Hnh 9)

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Hnh 9

y l bng chc nng ca tng chn IC BISS0001 (Hnh 10)

Hnh 10

Cu to bn trong IC BISS0001 (Hnh 11)

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S tng ng ca module cm bin PIR (Hnh 12)

Hnh 12

y l mch in ca module cm bin PIR (Hnh 12) bao gm c ng vo l cm bin PIR, qua khi x l BISS0001 v c tn hiu ng ra Output, tn hiu ng ra ny c bin thnh tn hiu s c th giao tip vi cc thit b s khc. Mch trn ng ra c mc thm cm khi cng tc transistor v relay 12Volt.

1.5. Thit b hi t tia nhit cho module cm bin PIR Cc tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th sng rt yu v rt phn tn, tng rng cho u d cng nh hi t cc tia nhit li ng vo v tr ca cm bin PIR, ngi ta dng knh Fresnel (Hnh 13 ) chp ln u cm bin PIR. ng thi cng gip cho cm bin trnh c cc tia t ngoi t mi trng bn ngoi chiu vo u cm bin.

Hinh 13

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Hnh nh knh Fresnel hi t cc tia nhit vo v tr ca cm bin PIR (Hnh 14)

Hnh 14

2. NGUYN L HOT NG CA MODULE CM BIN PIR2.1. Mi trng hot ng ca cm bin PIR Cm bin PIR ch hot ng trong khong nhit t -30 C n 70 C. C ngha l cm bin ch lm vic c trong khong nhit trn, cc tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th phi nm trong khong nhit trn. 2.2. Nguyn tc hot ng ca module cm bin PIR

Nguyn l chung: module cm bin PIR hot ng da trn nguyn l cm ng cc tia nhit ca cc vt th sng pht ra, khi cm bin pyroelectric th nht nhn c tia nhit, n s pht ra tn hiu v khi ngun nng di chuyn ngang, s n cm bin pyroelectric th hai v cm bin pyroelectric 2 nhn c tia nhit v n li pht ra tn hiu in. S xut hin ca 2 tn hiu ny nhn bit rng c mt ngun nhit di ng ngang v mch in t s pht ra tn hiu iu khin. Nguyn tc hot ng: trng thi thng trc khi cha c tia nhit di chuyn vo u d ca cm bin th tn hiu ang mc 0, v mch khng hot ng. Khi c mt vt chuyn ng vo u d nhit PIR th cc tia nhit t vt th pht ra s i qua thu knh Fresnel cc tia nhit ny s hi t vo u d PIR, khi mi vo vng d ca cm bin th cc tia nhit ny ch hi t vo cm bin pyroelectricGVHD: DNG THI BNH Trang 11


th 1, th mc 0 ca cm bin th nht s ln 1, k n trong khong thi gian rt nh vt s di chuyn ngang qua ti cm bin pyroelectric th 2 cng tng t nh cm bin th nht n s chuyn t mc 0 ln mc 1 c 2 tn hiu ny s qua 1 mt b khuch i th nht l FET, k n tn hiu ng ra ca cm bin PIR chn 2 (Source) s vo mt mch khuch i na, mch khuch i ny s khuch i tn hiu ln mc cn thit theo theo thit k sn ca nh sn xut, k n tn hiu ny s n mt mch so snh xut ra tn hiu chun k thut s mc 1 tc l mch ang hot ng, ngc li mc 0 mch khng hot ng. Trong thc t vt pht ra tia hng ngoi c th di chuyn nhanh, chm hoc c th ng yn trong vng qut ca cm ng, v th ta cn mch lm tr tn hiu lu hn so vi tn hiu nhn c trong thc t ta c th iu chnh thit b hot ng trong khon thi gian m chng ta mong mun. t y tn hiu ca module cm bin c a ra ngoi kt ni vi cc thit b khc. Chng ta s xem hot ng ca mch qua cc hnh m t di y: Vi hnh bng n l tn hiu output ca module PIR, n tt l mc 0, n sng l mc 1, hnh cm bin PIR vi 2 bng pyroelectric lc u s l mu lt khi cha c vt di chuyn vo vng pht hin tn hiu l 1 ng thng (Hnh 15). Tip n vt th di chuyn vo vng nh hng 1 tn hiu bt u xut hin, hnh cm bin PIR bng pyroelectric 1 m ln nhng ng ra ca PIR l hnh bng n vn tt (Hnh 16). Khi vt th i vo vng nh hng th 2 th tn hiu hnh cm bin PIR ca bng pyroelectric 1 s lt i, bng 2 m ln tn hiu xut hin bng 2, hnh bng n sng ln, tn hiu output ca module PIR lc ny l 1 (Hnh 17). Khi vt th i qua khi vng nh hng 2 th tn hiu tr v 0 nhng n vn cn sng v lc ny mch delay vn duy try tn hiu ng ra ca module PIR mc 1 (Hnh 18). n mt thi gian ci t trc nht nh no th n s tt, tn hiu s tr v 0, mch trng thi thng trc (Hnh 19).

Hnh 15

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Hnh 16

Hnh 17

Hnh 18

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Hnh 19

2.3.

Cc thng s c bn ca module cm bin PIR

Di y l thng s k thut ca nh sn xut cung cp cho module cm bin PIR.

rng vng qut ca cm bin PIR (Hnh 20)

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Hnh 20 3. MCH IN NG DNG VI CM BIN PIR Module cm bin PIR n hot ng ging nh mt cm bin PIR v ch c 1 ng ra output thi v th chng ta cn ghp ni vi cc thit b khc mi c th iu khin cc thit b hot ng. Di y s gii thiu mt s linh kin v cch ghp ni. 3.1. Ghp ni module cm bin PIR vi relay Di y l mch nguyn l v cch ghp ni vi relay Hnh 22, Hnh 23, Hnh 24. Cc mch ny hot ng da trn s bt tt ca relay, khi tn hiu ca module PIR l mc1 th lc relay hot ng, khi tn hiu l mc 0 th relay ngng hot ng. t relay chng ta s mc vi cc thit b khc iu khin hot ng. Phng php ny dng iu khin cc thit b nh n v chung bo ng.

Hnh 22

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Hnh 23 3.2. Ghp ni module cm bin PIR vi transistor Cc mch ny hot ng da trn s phn cc bo ha ca transistor, lc ny transistor ng vai tr nh 1 cng tc ng m. Hnh 24, Hnh 25

Hnh 24

Hnh 25

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3.3.

Ghp ni vi cc h vi iu khin

Di y l cc hnh nh module PIR giao tip vi vi iu khin, mch hot ng da trn s iu khin ca cc h vi iu khin c lp trnh bi ngi s dng. Hnh 26, Hnh 27.

Hnh 26

Hnh 27

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4. MT S YU CU KHI S DNG Khi s dng module cm bin PIR, cn lu mt s c im sau: - Phi xem mi trng hot ng ca cm bin c nm trong gii hn nhit cho php khng. V ngoi khong gii hn c th lm h cm bin. - Phi xem ngun s dng c ng nh gii hn ca nh sn xut khng, nu vt qu cng c th lm hng cm bin. - Ngoi ra xem cc thit b ghp ni chung vi module cm bin PIR c th p ng kp khng. Tm li khi dng module PIR th nn xem cc thng s k thut ca nh sn sut.

CHNG 3: NI DUNG V KT QU NGHIN CU

1. CC NG DNG TRONG CUC SNG HNG NGY CA MODULE CM BIN PIR Trong cuc sng hng ngy ca chng ta c rt nhiu thit b hot ng vi cc phng php bt tt th cng. Qua tm hiu v kho st ng dng module cm bin PIR nhn thy rng khi kt hp vi cc thit b ghp ni nh relay, transistor, vi iu khin th c rt nhiu ng dng c ch cho cuc sng hng ngy nh: - H thng chiu sng t ng trong cc ta nh vn phng - H thng iu khin qut t ng trong cc ta ta nh vn phng - H thng camera quan st t ng - H thng chng trm n gin - Cc h thng kt hp ng dng khc 2. CC H THNG NG DNG CA MODULE CM BIN PIR 2.1 H thng chiu sng t ng

Module cm bin PIR

Mch Relay

Thit b n chiu sng

Hnh 28. H thng chiu sng t ng

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H thng bao gm 3 phn: module cm bin PIR, mch relay, v n chiu sng. Ta s lp rp h thng ny vo trn ca cc to nh. H thng s t ng ng tt cc thit b chiu sng t ng, khi c ngi n s t ng bt sng, ngc li n s t ng tt. H thng ny s gip con ngi c th tit kim c in nng trnh lng ph khi khng s dng m thit b chiu sng vn bt. Gip chng ta tit kim c ngun nhn lc iu khin cc thit b. M rng thm chng ta s kit hp cm bin vi vi x l to ra h thng hon chnh v tin ch hn. 2.2 H thng iu khin qut t ngModule cm bin PIR Mch BJT H thng qut dn dng

Hnh 29. H thng iu khin qut t ng

H thng bao gm 3 phn: module cm bin PIR, mch cng tt BJT, h thng qut dn dng. H thng hot ng da trn nguyn l phn cc cho BJT, BJT s hot ng trong trng thi bo ha ging nh 1 cng tc, ta s s dng nguyn tc hot ng ny iu khin qut t ng ng m, trnh s lng ph khi trong mt cn phng c t ngi nhng tt c cc qut u m. Qut ch c m khi c ngi ang hot ng trong phng ti v tr qut c lp m thi. Trnh c vic phi iu khin bng tay khi mt h thng cng tc dy t kh m xc nh c v tr. M rng thm chng ta s kit hp cm bin vi vi x l to ra h thng hon chnh v tin ch hn. 2.3 H thng camera quan st t ngModule cm bin PIR H thng iu khin Camera k thut s

Hnh 30. H thng camera quan st t ng

H thng ny ng dng iu khin cc camera quan st nhng khu vc c chuyn ng ca con ngi v lc camera ch hng n nhng ni pht ra tia nhit v hot ng ca cm bin PIR. H thng gm 3 phn: Module cm bin PIR, H thng iu khin l cc vi x l, Camera k thut s s ghi li cc hnh nh dng cho cc h thng quan st an ninh. 2.4 H thng chng trm n gin

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Module cm bin PIR

Mch Relay

Chung bo ng

Hnh 31. H thng chng trm n gin

H thng gm c 3 phn: module cm bin PIR, mch relay, v chung bo ng. Mch hot ng khi pht hin ngi l i vo vng qut ca cm bin ca PIR khi relay hot ng lm cho chung bo ng s reo ln. H thng ny rt n gin, hot ng tt, tuy nhin y cha phi l h thng chng trm ti u. M rng thm nu chng ta kt hp c module cm bin PIR vi camera c iu khin qua vi x l th h hng s tr nn hiu qu v chnh xc hn. 2.5 Cc h thng kt hp ng dng khc Ngoi cc h thng trn module cm bin PIR cn nhiu ng dng khc rt hu ch nh: - H thng ng m vi nc t ng dng module cm bin PIR pht hin ngi, h thng ny gip ch trong vic tit kim nc, trnh lng ph khi s dng. - H thng ng m ca t ng trong cc ta nh, siu th,.... H thng hot ng da trn cm bin tia nhit ca module cm bin PIR, khi pht hin ngi n gn ca th ca s t ng m, khi ngi i khi ca s t ng ng li. - Ngoi ra khi kt hp module cm bin PIR vi cc cm bin khc chng ta c th thit k cc h thng ng dng thng minh vi rt nhiu tnh nng hu ch, n s gip ch rt nhiu cho con ngi trong hot ng hng ngy...... 3. KT QU T C Qua kho st v nghin cu v module cm bin PIR. Nhn thy rng module ny c rt nhiu ng dng trong cuc sng, gip chng ta t ng ha cc h thng sinh hot hng ngy ca con ngi, c th thay th con ngi trong mt s hot ng sinh hot n gin, nh t ng bt tt cc thit b chiu sng, t ng bt tt t ng vi nc,... gip con ngi c th ti u ha cc ngun nng lng tiu th hng ngy. Ngoi ra c th xy dng cc h thng chng trm hoc bo ng n gin bng module cm bin PIR, rt hiu qu v hu ch.

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KT LUN V NGH1. KT LUN Sau khong thi gian nghin cu , tm hiu v thit k, vi s hng dn ca thy Dng Thi Bnh , n nay nin lun ca em c hon thnh. Ni dung ca nin lun nu ln c nhng vn chnh sau: - Gii thiu chung v cm bin PIR v module cm bin PIR - Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca module v cc mch in ng dng ca module. - Thit k c cc h thng t ng thng minh gip ch cho cuc sng hng ngy ca con ngi. Mc d bn thn em ht sc c gng, nhng do trnh kin thc cn hn ch, nn nin lun vn khng trnh khi sai st. V vy em xin tip thu kin ng gp v ch bo ca cc thy c nin lun ny c hon thin hn. 2. NGH Dng vi x l kt ni iu khin module cm bin to ra cc ng dng hiu qu, n nh, chnh xc hn. Nn xy dng cc h thng ng dng ca module cm bin p dng vo thc t, nn kt hp vi nhiu loi cm bin khc to thnh cc h thng t ng thng minh trong cc ngi nh thi hin i ny.

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PH LC A: RELAYRelay l loi linh kin ng ngt in c n gin. N gm 2 phn chnh l nam chm in v cc tip im. Cu to relay ht sc n gin, gm 4 b phn sau y: Nam chm in. Li st. L xo. Cc tip im. y l hnh nh thc t ca relay ( hnh 31) :

Hnh 31: Relay

M t nguyn l hot ng:

Hnh 32: M t nguyn tc hot ng.

Gi s ta mc relay nh hnh trn, mt cng tc ng ngt ngun cho nam chm in. Khi cng tc ng c dng in chy qua cun dy, cun dy s tr thnh mt nam chm in v c t trng s ht thanh st, thanh st v tr thng ng n sng. Ngc li, l xo s ko thanh st ln v tr thng h lm mch h, n tt.

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TI LIU THAM KHO[1] Bi vit B u d PIR, pht hin chuyn ng ngang ca con ngi qua cm ng thn nhit ca tc gi Vng Khnh Hng trn trang web http://phuclanshop.com.

Ti liu trc tuyn : [1] www.ladyada.net [2] en.wikipedia.org [2] phuclanshop.com

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Modul Cam Bien PIR

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