Modelling Bo

8/12/2019 Modelling Bo

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2012 All Rights Reserved. SAP UA

BO BI DESI


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SAP BI CurriculumBI2-M1 SAP BW DataModeling

SAP UA

Page 2 2012 SAP AG

Overview InfoObjects

Key Figures Characteristics

InfoProviders DataStore Objects InfoCubes

Agenda


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SAP UA

Page 3 2012 SAP AG

SAP Business Intelligence Platform

SAP NetWeaver Portal Any Portal, Any Destination

SAP Business Intelligence - BI 4.0

CrystalReports

WebIntelligence

Dashboar dExplorer

I n f o r m a

t i o n

A c c e s s

M e

t a d a

t a M a n a g e m e n

t

D a

t a F o u n

d a

t i o n

DataQualityMgmt

SAP NetWeaverBW / BW-IP

DataFederator

Data Services

Data QualityManagement

Data Integrator

SAP NetWeaver BW onHANA

Master DataManagement

TextAnalysis

3rd-Party Databases and Applications

CRM SCM

SRM PLM

SAP Business Suite

ERPFinancialsOperationsHuman ResourcesCorporate Services

DataQualityMgmt

SAPBEx Analysis

SAPWAD

SAPIntegration


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SAP UA

Page 4 2012 SAP AG

What is an InfoObject?

InfoObjects are used to focus on business requirements . Note:

The original product name was SAP Business Information Warehouse.

The abbrevation BIW conflicted with another product name, soBW was chosen.

InfoObjects are the bricks to build data structures inside SAPBW. InfoObjects represent business objects from an end users

view. The most important InfoObject types used for business analysis

are Characteristics and Key Figures .


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SAP UA

Page 5 2012 SAP AG

InfoObject: Characteristics

A Characteristic represents a business object (or concept,business term, business entity). A Characteristic may have attributes which describes the

business object in more detail. Example: InfoObject Customer is a characteristic with

attributes such as Customer Number, ZIP Code, Region,etc.

The attributes Customer Number, ZIP Code, Region, etc.are also managed as Characteristics and may have their ownattributes.

Note: What SAP calls a Characteristic is often referredto in the data warehouse community as a Dimension .


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SAP UA

Page 6 2012 SAP AG

InfoObject: Key Figures

A Key Figure (or variable, measure) is oftenly used to documentthe performance of a business process over time. It can be found in document records such as invoice, delivery

note, purchase order, or goods receipt. Example: InfoObject Revenue or Sales Amount , etc.

Note: InfoObjects are unique inside SAP BW, and they are used tobuild the data structures for analysis requirements. Conceptually unique : the semantics (meaning) of an

InfoObject is uniquely defined system-wide inside SAP BW. Logically unique : the data type, value range or field length is

uniquely defined system-wide inside SAP BW. From the technical point of view, an InfoObject can viewed as a

database field.


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SAP UA

Page 7 2012 SAP AG

Evolution from a SAP ERP Database Object to anSAP BW InfoObject

InfoObject"0COSTCENTER"

SAP Business Information Warehouse!!

COAccounting

R/3

HRHuman

Ressources

COSTC ...

Table Costcenter

Table EmployeeEMPLO COST_CENTER ...

BW Extraktor

DataSourceCostCenter

Definition&

Mapping

SAP ERPSAP BW InfoObjects

SAP BW DataSource


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SAP UA

Page 8 2012 SAP AG

InfoObjects Are Bricks for Data Structures


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SAP UA

Page 9 2012 SAP AG

InfoProviders Provide Access to Data Records

InfoProviders: Are data storage inside SAP BW May store data records physically (persistent) May also be used to access data stored outside SAP BW virtually

(transparent views) May be accessed with front end tools such as SAPBusinessExplorer

Note: A query is a view to data within an InfoProviderand does not contain physical data.


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SAP UA

Page 10 2012 SAP AG

InfoProviders

InfoProviders with physical data : InfoCubes

Contain data optimized for fast multi-dimensional analysis.

DataStore Objects Contain detailed data.

Used for high data volumes stored in normal database tables. Often used as data source for InfoCubes.

InfoProviders with virtual data : MultiProviders

Often used to create views above two or more InfoCubes with the sameCharacteristics but different Key Figures.

Data resides in the InfoCubes involved and data redundancy is avoided.

VirtualProviders Data stored somewhere outside SAP BW. Some ERP systems provide data storage which may be accessed directly

by SAP BW without changing the end user s view to the data.


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SAP UA

Page 11 2012 SAP AG

InfoCubes

Provide data storage used for reporting and onlineanalysis .

Consist of Key Figures and Characteristics. Contain data stored multi-dimensionally and often aggregated

(week, month). Use star database schema , consisting of a fact table surrounded

by dimension tables. Use a maximum of 3 + 13 dimension tables.

3 dimension tables are pre-defined by SAP.

Time, Unit and DataPackage (for technical information) 13 dimensions may be used by InfoCube developers.

Note: In practice, good InfoCube design should not exceed6-8 dimensions (+ the 3 above) so 13 dimensions are plenty.


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SAP UA

Page 12 2012 SAP AG

DataStore Objects

Contain single data records such as invoices,purchase orders or customer order items.

Consist of key fields (such as order number,order position number) and data fields (Key Figures and

Characteristics such as sales amount, net value, customer id,

material number). Store data records in relational database tables. Often contain massive volumes of data.


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SAP UA

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InfoCube versus DataStore Object

Data Warehouse,Operational Data Storeand Data Marts aregeneral layers in a DataWarehouse Architecture.

BI1-M2-01-Data Warehouse Data Warehouse and

Operational Data Storemay be implemented withDataStoreObjects.

Data Marts will beimplemented withInfoCubes.


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SAP UA

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InfoProviders DataStore Objects InfoCubes

Agenda


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SAP UA

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Key Figure Definition: Revenue

Amount, Quantity, ..

EUR, USD, (fix)

Pieces, inch, %, (fix)

Unit / Currency (fix) / Currency

reference

Data Type: integer,float, char(10),


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SAP UA

Page 17 2012 SAP AG

Key Figure Definition: Revenue (cont.)

Aggregation:Summation,

Minimum,Maximum

Aggregation: Last Value,Maximum, Average

Reference Characteristic, e.g. Quarter

The reference characteristic allows the useof a function to aggregate data instead ofsummation.

Example : Number of Employees at theend of the quarter. Sum does not makesense!

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

500

520515

520 520

Last value

No Employee per Month

521

Last value


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SAP UA

Page 18 2012 SAP AG


If the Key Figure is non-cumulative (e.g.,warehouse stock), this fielddefines an InfoObjectrepresenting non-cumulative change. ThisInfoObject is either positiveor negative. So, the stockamount can be calculatedfrom it. Two fields are used to

calculate the non-cumulative amounts.Inflow is the InfoObjectwhich represents the stockinflow amount. Outflow isvice versa.


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SAP UA

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SAP UA

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Characteristic Definition: Customer

Data Types: Num,Char, Date,


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SAP UA

Page 21 2012 SAP AG

Conversion Routine

Database values Are stored in internal format appropriate to the database Date as YYYYMMDD

Are presented to a user in externalformat according to his local settings,e.g., in Europe

Date: DD.MM.YYYY Numbers: 1.234,56

US Date: MM/DD/YYYY Numbers: 1,234.56

Transformation external internal format isperformed by a conversion routine


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SAP UA

Page 22 2012 SAP AG

ALPHA Conversion Routine

Alphanumeric database fields Datatype CHAR in SAP Can store character and number values Have conversion exit ALPHA as default

Eliminates leading blanks after user input

User input of 1000 and 1000 refers to same object Stores numbers with leading 0s in database

Numeric values are stored in natural order in database, e.g. 9000first, then 10000


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SAP UA

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Characteristic Definition: Customer (cont.) An InfoObject may

have attributes!

Texts:

Descriptive textsMulti-language textsTime dependent texts


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SAP UA

Page 24 2012 SAP AG

Characteristic Definition: Customer (cont.)

Attributes Usable for OLAP operationsor display only

Time-Dependent


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SAP UA

Page 25 2012 SAP AG

Time Characteristics

Time characteristics are alwaysnecessary and define the time-related reference point for dataanalysis purposes.

Time characteristics are

predefined by SAP and cannotbe changed.


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SAP UA

Page 26 2012 SAP AG

Units/Currencies

Units and Currencies are used to define Key Figures in more detail. A Unit may be an InfoObject which defines the Unit of a Key Figure. A Currency may be an InfoObject which defines the Currency of a

Key Figure Examples:

0CURRENCY 0BASE_UOM


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SAP UA

Page 27 2012 SAP AG



InfoProviders

DataStore Objects InfoCubes

Agenda


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SAP UA

Page 28 2012 SAP AG

5 Steps to Define a DataStore Object

5 steps to Define an DataStore Object1) Define a name for a

DataStoreObject2) Choose the key fields3) Choose the data fields

4) Define attributes used for dataanalysis

5) Activate the DataStoreObject


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SAP UA

Page 29 2012 SAP AG

Choosing InfoObjects to Build a DataStore Object

Select the relevant InfoObjects Direct InfoObject name input (1) or Choose InfoObjects by InfoObjectCatalog and drag & drop the

InfoObjects (2)


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SAP UA

Page 30 2012 SAP AG

7 Steps to Define an InfoCube

7 Steps to Define an InfoCube1) Choose a name for an InfoCube2) Create Dimensions as needed3) Assign Characteristics to Dimensions4) Choose Time Characteristics5) Choose Key Figures6) Define Navigational Attributes7) Activate InfoCube


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SAP UA

Page 32 2012 SAP AG

What is a Dimension Inside SAP BW?

A dimension is a group of characteristics which belong to thesame business object (semantically).

Each characteristic may contain additional attributes which arerelevant for data analysis or not!!!

Navigational attributes are InfoObjects which are used to

perform data analysis. Display attributes are InfoObjects for which data analysis doesnot make sense (e.g. a house number or a family name)

This has an impact to cube design!

Note: In data warehouse community, the term Dimension isused for what SAP calls Characteristic .


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SAP UA

Page 33 2012 SAP AG

Excursion: SAP BW - Enhanced Star Schema

Attributes are not part of a dimension!

Dimension

Characteristic as partof a dimension

Characteristic asnavigation attribute


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SAP UA

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Displayed in the Frontend Tool


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SAP UA

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Basic Characteristic and Its Navigation Attributes

2. Characteristic

1. Dimension

3. Navigation Attributes areready to be used in analysis .


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SAP UA

Page 36 2012 SAP AG

Steps to Create an InfoCube

Define the InfoObjects needed. Key Figures Characteristices

Define which Characteristics may be chosen to create a semanticcluster for semantic dimensions. Examples are: Sales, Production, Material Management, Finance, etc.

Define which attributes are appropriate to perform data analysis OLAP attributes define them as navigational attributes Non-OLAP attributes define them as display attributes

Done! Deploy the InfoCube inside SAP BW!


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SAP UA

Page 37 2012 SAP AG

Summary

Key Figures and Characteristics are defined as InfoObjects. InfoObjects are the smallest bricks to define InfoProviders

within SAP BW. InfoProviders are used to store data within SAP BW or allow SAP

BW to access data stored somewhere else. The most important InfoProviders are InfoCubes

and DataStore Objects . The definition of an SAP BW InfoCube is

no Witchery!

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