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BI 1I. T VNG : ti : chng ta, chng ti bn : ngi kia : v kia : bnh vin : in : ai (hi ngi no ) ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn) : : tui : my tui : my tui (Dng lch s hn) : vng : khng xin li ( khi mun nh ai vic g ) bn tn g? cho ln u gp nhau rt hn hnh c lm quen y l ngi n t M Anh n Indonesia : Hn quc Thi Lan : Trung Quc c :Nht Php Brazil : Trng H Sakura : Trng H Ph S IMC tn cng ty :tn cng ty in kh Power hng khng Brazil AKC: tn cng ty **************************************************************************** 1

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II.NG PHPMu cu 1: Mu cu khng nh A B - ngha: A l B -Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch Vd: Ti l Michael Miler Mu cu 2: Mu cu ph nh A B / - ngha : A khng phi l B -Cch dng: tng t nh cu trc khng nh. Vd: () Anh Santosu khng phi l sinh vin Mu cu 3: Mu cu nghi vn A B ==> cu khng nh ==> cu ph nh * Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t v tr t nghi vn cui cu * ngha : _______ c phi khng? Anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng? Mu cu 4: Tr t A B Cch dng: Tr t [] l tr t dng thay th tr t [ ] trong mt cu,c ngha l [cng l] . Trong mt cu khng tn ti cng mt lc 2 tr t [] v tr t [] . Vd: A: ( ) Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ? B: , . , ? **************************************************************************** 2

**************************************************************************** Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, anh cng vy phi khng A: . Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty CH : -i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi hoc cc cu hi trng lp ta c th lc b bt cho cu vn ngn gn. -Trong vn ni,ngi Nht thng lc b ch ng.V th trong cu khng c ch ng l ch bn thn ngi ni. Mu cu 5: Tr t - Tr t l tr t s hu ng gia 2 danh t hoc danh t,tr t. - ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay hn. Vd: 1.IMC . Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC 2. Sch ting Nht Mu cu 6: Hi tui A ->A

- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t)dng hi tui : Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui). : Dng hi 1 cch lch s. (hn tui mnh) Vd: A: B Taro my tui vy ? B: B Taro 9 tui A: Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy? Anh Yamada 45 tui

S m:

ICHI

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**************************************************************************** NI Cch m tui: 1 tui 2 tui 3 tui ................ 10 tui 11 tui 12 tui 20 tui 21 tui ........ 30 tui ...................... Mu cu 7 a. _____ b. _____

- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi. - Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t (DARE) ( cch hi thng thng) (cch hi lch s ) Vd: 1. Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura. 2. Ngi ny l ai vy ? 3.

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**************************************************************************** V ny l v no vy ? Cc im ch thm: Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch hoc ( c ngha l ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun khim tn trc ngi khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch hoc ( khi gii thiu ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao) Mu cu 9:Cu hi la chn A ___N1_____N2__ --> A __N1(N2)___ - y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau. - ngha : A l _____ hay l _____? Vd:

- A . ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)

A ( A l bc s ) Mu cu 10: Cu hi ni dung (bn cht s vic) N1 N1 N1 N2 N1 - y l cu hi v bn cht (ni dung) ca mt s vt, s vic - Nghi l: A l _____ g? Vd:

( Cun sch ny l sch g?)

.( Cun sch ny l sch ting Nht) Mu cu 11: A --> A

- y l cu hi vi t hi - Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g? Vd:

(y l ci g?)

(y l cun tp) Mu cu 12 - y l cu hi dng hi qu ca ai u dng t hi - Ngha l Qu ca _____ u? **************************************************************************** 5

**************************************************************************** Vd: - Qu ca bn u? Can Tho Qu ti Cn Th

BI 2T Vng : y : : kia **************************************************************************** 6

**************************************************************************** : ~ny : ~ : ~kia : Sch : T in : tp ch : bo : tp : s tay : danh thip : card : card in thoi : vit ch : Vit bi : vit ch bm : cha kho : ng h : Ci d : ci cp : bng ( casset) : my casset : ci TV : ci radio : ci my chp hnh : my vi tnh : xe hi : ci bn : ci gh : ko scla : c ph : ting Anh : ting Nht : ting ~ : ci g : th no : khng phI, sai ri : th ? : .. ( ngp ngng khi ngh hoc suy ngh 1 vn ) y l cht lng thnh : xin mi : cm n : Xin chn thnh cm n : T nay mong c gip : chnh ti mi l ngi mong c gip . **************************************************************************** 7

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II.NG PHP Mu cu __ _____ - ngha: _____ l ci g? - Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s vt, hin tng. Ta cng c th dng hi vi ngha l s hu khi thay i t hI bng t hi m sau ny chng ta s hc ti! - V d: **************************************************************************** 8

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y l sch g?

--> y l sch ting Nht Mu cu _____. * ngha: _____ l th my? *Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy hm nay hoc l mt s kin s vic g . - V d:

a. . Hm nay l th my?

--> Hm nay l th ba

b. NOEL l th my?

--> NOEL ngy th by. Mu cu _____ - ngha: _____ l ngy my? - Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1 s kin g . - V d:

? Sinh nht ngy my?

--> Sinh nht ngy 17. Mu cu - ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g? - Cch dng: a. dng hi vt gn ngi ni,xa ngi nghe,khi tr li phi dng v khi vt xa ngi tr li **************************************************************************** 9

**************************************************************************** b. dng hi vt gn ngi nghe,xa ngi ni, khi tr li phi dng c. dng hi vt xa c ngi ni v ngi nghe ,nn tr li vn l - V d:

y l sch g?

--> l sch Kanji Mu cu 5 - ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g? - Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn! - V d:

Cun tp ch l tp ch g?

--> Cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh. Cch m th:

th my th Hai

th Ba

th T

th Nm

th Su

th By

Ch Nht

ngy my ngy 1 ( hoc 1 ngy) Cch m ngy ngy 2 ( hoc hai ngy) ngy 3 (//) Nht trong 10 ngy 4 (//) ngy u ngi ta ngy 5 (//) c cch c khc i so vi cc ngy ngy 6 (//) cn li, v chng ngy 7 (//) ta c th dng cho ngy 8 (//) c hai trng hp l ngy ~ hoc **************************************************************************** ~ngy 10

**************************************************************************** ngy 9 (//) ngy 10 (//) Cc ngy cn li ta m bng cch rp cch m s vi ch vd: jyuuichinichi=ngy 11. Nhng c 1 s trng hp c bit sau: v tng t cho cc s cn li vd: nijyuu yokka= ngy 24) Ngy 14 ngy 19 (im khc bit so vi m s thng thng ca s ny l s chn khng c trng m, ku thay v kuu ngy 20 (ch c 1 ln thi!!! Khng lp li nha!!! )

Bi 3I. T VNG

y kia (nghi vn t) u ( knh ng) y (//) (//) kia (//)(nghi vn t) u, hng no phng hc nh n vn phng phng hp quy tip tn i snh (LOBBY) **************************************************************************** 11

**************************************************************************** cn phng Toilet cu thang thang my thang cun quc gia ( nc) cng ty nh in thoi i giy < NEKUTAI> Cravat ( neck tie) ru ty (wine) thuc l ca hng tng hm tng 1 > (nghi vn t) tng my ~ yn ( tin t Nht bn) (nghi vn t) Bao nhiu ( hi gi c) Trm ngn vn ( 10 ngn) xin li xin cho xem ~ ~ vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~ tn a danh Nht Thu S II. NG PHP Mu cu _____ - ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____ - Cch dng dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no - VD:

y l bn tip tn Mu cu _____ **************************************************************************** 12

**************************************************************************** - ngha: _____ l y//kia. - Cch dng: dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng c dng ch cho ai mt ni no hoc ngi no . - VD:

a. Anh Satou

b. Nh n kia Mu cu ______ - ngha: _____ u? - Cch dng: dng hi ni chn hoc a im ca mt ngi no ang u. Chng ta c th kt hp cu hi ny cho c hai cu trc 1. v 2. trn. - VD: a. y l u?

b. i snh u?

c. Anh SANTOSE u?

--> Anh SANTOSE phng hp Mu cu 4 _____

- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia) - Cch dng: Tng t vi cch hi a im, ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng n c dng th hn s lch thip, cung knh i vi ngi ang nghe. Ngha gc ca cc t ny ln lt l (Hng ny//kia) - VD:

Phng hp ng kia

y l ngi Take Yama Mu cu 5 **************************************************************************** 13

**************************************************************************** _____ - ngha: _____ u? ( nu dng cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?) - Cch dng: y l cu hi lch s cung knh ca cch hi thng thng. - VD:

i snh hng no ?

Ngi Take Yama l v no ? Mu cu 6 ______ ______ - ngha: _____ ca nc no vy? _____ l ca nc ~ - Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong cu tr lI, ta c th thay i ch ng ( l mn thnh cc t nh v a ra ng trc tr t WA v i t thay th vo v tr sau tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn lun ci t i cho cu ngn gn. - VD:

ci ng h ny l ca nc no?

l ng h Thu S Mu cu 7 _____ _____ - ngha: ______ tng my? ______ tng ~. - Cch dng: y l cu hi a m ca mt ni no tng th my. - VD:

Nh hng tng my?

Nh hng tng nm

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**************************************************************************** Mu cu 8 _____ ______ - ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu? ______ gi ~ - Cch dng: Dng hi gi mt mn . - VD:

Ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?

Ci gi 150 yn Cch m tng < > Tng my < > tng 1 tng 2 tng 3 tng 4 < > tng 5 tng 6 tng 7 tng 8 tng 9 tng 10 Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit. Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao hn ( v d: tng 11 : jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)

Bi 4I. T VNG

: thc dy : ng : lm vic **************************************************************************** 15

**************************************************************************** : ngh ngi : hc tp : kt thc : ca hng bch ha : ngn hng : bu in < : th vin : vin bo tng : s in thoi : s my : by gi : ~gi : pht : phn na : my gi : my pht : sng (AM: trc 12 gi) : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi) : sng : tra : ti : ti : ngy hm kia : ngy hm qua : hm nay : ngy mai : ngy mt : sng nay : ti nay : ti hm qua : ngh ngi (danh t) : ngh tra : mi ti : mi ngy : Bc Kinh Bangkok Lun n : Los Angeles : dch v 116 (hi s in thoi) : (s in thoi) bn mun bit / hi l : lm n : hiu ri

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II. NG T ng t chia lm 3 loi : - ng t qu kh - ng t hin ti - ng t tng lai a) ng t hin ti - tng lai C ui l ch

NG PHP

V d : 1. ti ng lc 9 gi 2. ti n trng - Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh : (ngy mai)... th ng t trong cu l tng lai V d : 1. Ngy mai ti i Lun n b) ng t qu kh C ui l ch V d : 1. ng 2. n Hin ti sang qu kh : -> Tr t

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**************************************************************************** Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t, nhng y l 3 tr t s cp : a) Dng cho cc ng t chuyn ng ch phng hng - : i - : n - : tr v b) Dng cho cc tha ng t c) ni Dng cho cc ng t lin quan n thi gian nh - : ng : thc dy - : ngh ngi - kt thc c Bit : ( gp ) V d : 1. Ti ng lc 7 gi 2. Ti gp Bo *Tha ng t v t ng t Tha ng t l cc ng t chu s tc ng ca ch th trong cu hoc cc tc nhn khc tc ng vo v c ch th xc nh c l tc nhn g (vd: A m ca, ti n cm...) thc ra th c mt cch d dng fn bit c Tha ng t l nh tr t O, a s cc tha ng t i vi tr t O. Ta c th d dng nhn ra s khc bit !!! Ngoi tha ng t ta cn c T ng t, ci tn thi cng ni ln bn cht ca n ri fi khng??? T ng t c ngha l ng t m t bn thn n c th gy ra tc ng hoc do mt tc nhn bn ngai nhng ch th trong cu khng xc nh c tc nhn l g, hoc ai tc ng vo!!! xc nh ta c th da vo tr t GA VD: Tha ng t ng ca : akeru

- ( Hy ng ca) T ng t: Ca ng : aku

- ( ca ng) Ch : Cc cch xc nh trn ch mang tnh a s, v c nhng trng hp ngai l na nha!!! ==>> Bn chn mt ng t no , v d N (tabemasu ri sau t t cu: TI N (Watashi wa tabemasu). R rng cu TI N vn cn thiu thiu mt ci g , ng khng ? Chnh xc nht l phi ni TI N ci-g ? (Watashi wa nani o tabemasu ?). Khi bn s phi ni TI N BNH M-TI N CM v.v... (Watashi wa PAN o tabemasu Watashi wa GOHAN o tabemasu ...) **************************************************************************** 18

**************************************************************************** Nhng ng t m c th i km vi cu hi "...ci-g ?" l nhng tha-ng-t. V d N, UNG, VIT... (tabemasu, nomimasu, kakimasu...) l nhng tha ng t v ta c th ni TI N G ? TI UNG G ? TI VIT G ? (Cu tr li c th l TI N CM - TI UNG RU - TI VIT TH v.v..Watashi wa gohan o tabemasu - Watashi wa osake o nomimasu - Watashi wa tegami o kakimasu...) Nu l tha ng t, bn s dng O nh cc v d trn. Ngc li, c nhng ng t bn thn n c ngha khi t cu, v d TI NG (Watashi wa nemasu) th l cc t-ng-t. Ta khng th ni TI NG ci-g c, ng khng ? V v khng cn tr li cho cu hi "...ci g ?" nn chuyn s dng O hay GA l khnglin-quan ( cp ny, v cn nhng trng hp ngoi l khc nh c nhng ng t va l tha ng t va l t ng t chng hn).

BI 5 I. T VNG

: i : n : tr v : trng hc : siu th : nh ga : my bay : thuyn/tu : xe in : xe in ngm : tu cao tc : xe but : xe taxi : xe p : ngi : bn : anh y : c y : gia nh : mt mnh : tun truc : tun ny : tun ti : thng trc : thng ny : thng ti **************************************************************************** 19

**************************************************************************** : nm ri : nm nay : nm ti : thng ~ : thng my : mt ngy : ngy my : khi no : sinh nht : thng thng : tc hnh : ha tc : k tip : cm n : khng c chi : tuyn th ~

II.

NG PHP

Mu Cu 1 __ Cch dng : Dng hi ai ang lm g V d 1. Bn ang lm g ? 2. Ti ang vit th Mu Cu 2 Cu trc : __ Cch dng : Dng hi ngi no ang lm g vi ai V d 1. A A ang lm g vi bn vy 2. A A ang chi banh vi bn Mu Cu 3 __ Cch dng : Dng hi mt ngi no ang lm g mt ni no **************************************************************************** 20

**************************************************************************** V d 1.B B ang lm g cng vin vy ?) 2.B B ang chi tennis cng vin. Mu Cu 4 __ Cch dng : Dng ni mt ngi no cng vi ai, i n u bng phng tin g. V d : 1. Ti cng vi ngi yu i xe in n cng vin Mu Cu 5 __ Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng hi ai v mt vn g . D nhin l trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th thm vo thi gian cho ph hp vi cu v ng t. V d 1. Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ? C Khng Ghi ch : : ai : u : ci g (dng cho danh t) : ci g (dng cho ng t) : ng t : chi, lm Ph ch : Cc th trong ng t : a) Th khng nh ui ca ng t l V d : b) Th ph nh ui ca ng t l V d : **************************************************************************** 21

**************************************************************************** c) Th nghi vn Thm t vo sau ng t V d : : C xem khng ? d) Th khng nh trong qu kh ui ca ng t l V d : : xem ri e) Th ph nh trong qu kh ui ca ng t l V d : : khng xem f) Th nghi vn trong qu kh Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti V d : C xem khng (trong qu kh ?) Ch : trong cu khng nh v nghi vn c ng t khng dng cui cu, ch dng cho danh t

Bi 6I. T VNG : n : ung : ht : ht thuc : xem : nghe : c :vit, v : mua : chp : chp hnh : lm, chi : gp : gp bn : cm : ba sng : ba tra > : ba ti : bnh m : trng : tht : c : rau : tri cy **************************************************************************** 22

**************************************************************************** : nc : tr : hng tr : sa : sa : nc tri cy : bia : ru sake : bng : tenis CD : a CD : bng video : ci g : sau : mt cht : tim, qun : nh hng : th : bi bo co : thnh thong : thng, lc no cng : cng nhau : c, tt nh : vng : cng vin : ci g vy ? : vic ngm hoa : tn cng vin : hiu ri : hn gp li II>NG PHP 1/ Ng Php : itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... ) Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen thng xuyn. Cu trc : thi gian + Ch ng + + + , + , + ng t V d : Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph. V d : Phan nh Phng Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b cu lc b Phan nh Phng 2/ Ng Php : **************************************************************************** 23

**************************************************************************** ishshoni> (Cng nhau) Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng vi mnh. Cu trc : Cu hi : (thi gian) + Ch ng + + + ni chn + + ; + ; ; + ng t + Cu tr li : ng : , ng t + Khng ng : V + (.... V d : Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh hng nh? ng : Vng, c thi Khng ng : ...) Khng c (v g ....) Lu : Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph

Bi 7I.T VNG : : ct : gi tng nhn : cho mn : mn : dy : hc :gi in : gi in thoi : tay : a : mung : dao : na : ko my fax

**************************************************************************** 24

**************************************************************************** : my nh ch my tnh c nhn : ci bm l : ci bm giy : bng keo : cc gm : giy ( tc ) : hoa (ci mi) : o s mi : qu tng : hnh l : tin : v : l Noel : cha ti : m ti : b ca bn : m ca bn : ri : cha : t by gi : tuyt vi qu nh : xin li c ai nh khng ? : anh (ch) n chi II NG PHP Mu cu 1: + + + + V Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g . V d: Ti ct tc bng ko **************************************************************************** 25 xin mi anh (ch) vo nh : xin li, lm phin : c c khng ? : cho ti nhn : du lch : qu c sn : Chu u

**************************************************************************** Hm qua bn n cm ti bng g th ? Hm qua ti n cm ti bng a Mu cu 2: + ~ + Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no theo ngn ng no c l g. V d: Good bye Good bye ting Nht l g th ? Good bye Good bye ting Nht l sayounara

Mu cu 3: + + + + Cch dng: Khi mnh tng ci g cho ai. V d: Ti tng qu cho bn Mu cu 4: + + + + Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt ci g t ai . V d: Ti nhn hoa t bn b Mu cu 5: + + + V V Cch dng:Dng hi mt ai lm cng vic no cha

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**************************************************************************** V d: Bn n cm ti cha ? Vng, ti n ri Cha, ti cha n Lu : +S khc nhau gia hai ng t vu c ngha l hc. ngha l t hc ngha l hc t ai , c ngi no truyn t.

Bi 8I T VNG : Xu : p trai : (cnh) p, p (gi), sch : yn tnh : nhn nhp : ni ting : t t : khe : rnh ri : bn rn : tin li : tuyt vi : to ln : nh : mi : c : tt : xu : (tr) nng : (nc ) lnh : (tri) nng

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**************************************************************************** : (tri) lnh : (bi tp) kh : (bi tp) d : nghim khc : du dng, hin t : t : r : thp : cao : th v : chn : ngon : d : vui v : trng : en : > : xanh : hoa anh o : ni : thnh ph : thc n : ch : k tc x : hc tp ( danh t ) : cuc sng () : cng vic : nh th no : no : ci no : rt () : khnglm : v : nhng : c khe khng ? : nh : Ni Ph S : h Biwaco : Thng Hi : by ngi v s o (tn phim) : tn cha : quen

: quen vi cuc sng Nht Bn cha ? : Thm mt ly na nh : thi, ri

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****************************************************************************

: n lc ti phi v : ln sau li n chi nh.

II NG PHPTrong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t : + : tnh t + : tnh t 1 Tnh t a Th khng nh hin ti: V d: Bo th tt bng. Cn phng ny sch s. b Th ph nh hin ti: V d: A A khng tt bng. Cn phng ny khng sch s. c Th khng nh trong qu kh V d: A A khe.

**************************************************************************** 29

**************************************************************************** B B ni ting. d Th ph nh trong qu kh V d: A A khng khe. B B khng ni ting. V d: A A khng khe. ng: v khng c ch ng sau tnh t. A Sai: v c ch ng sau tnh t. e Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung V d: Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt thnh ph nhn nhp. Quc Quc l mt ngi p trai f. Tnh t ui c bit Mt s tnh t kt thc bng ui nhng l tnh t ui V d: 2 Tnh t a Th khng nh hin ti: V d: Ci ng h ny mi.

**************************************************************************** 30

**************************************************************************** C gio ca ti du dng. b Th ph nh hin ti: V d: Thc n ca Vit Nam khng t. c Th khng nh trong qu kh V d: Ngy hm qua ti rt bn. d Th ph nh trong qu kh V d: Ngy hm qua ti khng bn. e Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th vn gi nguyn ch V d: Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao. f Tnh t c bit 1. Tnh t ngha l tt. Khi i sang ph nh trong hin ti, khng nh qu kh, ph nh qu kh th s i thnh , cn khng nh hin ti th vn bnh thng. V d: : khng nh hin ti : ph nh trong hin ti : khng nh qu kh : ph nh qu kh 2. Hai tnh t " " v " " l nhng tnh t lng tnh. : Tnh t ui : Tnh t ui : Tnh t ui Tnh t ui 3 Cch s dng v **************************************************************************** 31

**************************************************************************** a. .....: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th ph nh ca tnh t c ngha l khng...lm. V d: Tnh t A Anh A th khng c p trai lm. Tnh t Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon lm. b. : c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th khng nh ca tnh t c ngha l rt..... V d: Tnh t Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi Tnh t Chic xe hi ny th rt t. Mu cu 1: S + + + Cch dng: l t hi v tnh cht ca mt s vt ,s vic. V d: Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy? Ni Ph S th cao. Mu cu 2: S + + + N + Cch dng: l t hi v tnh cht ca mt s vt s vic,i km vi danh t.(nhn mnh hn mu cu 1) - Khi tr li phi c danh t chung i theo sau tnh t ui hoc ui V d: A Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ? A **************************************************************************** 32

**************************************************************************** Anh A l mt ngi t t. Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy? Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao. Mu cu 3: ~+ + Cch dng: l t hi s la chn c ngha l ci no V d: A Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ? ....... ......ci cp mu vng ny y. Mu cu 4: S + + Tnh t 1 + + + Tnh t 2 + Cch dng: l lin t dng ni hai tnh t cng vi nhau, c ngha l khng nhng... m cn.... V d: Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp m cn sch s na. A Anh A khng nhng xu trai m cn xu bng na. Mu cu 5: S + + Tnh t 1 + + + Tnh t 2 + Cch dng : l lin t ni 2 cu c ngha l nhng . V d: B Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng. Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy t nhng m ngon

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****************************************************************************

Bi 9I T VNG n / supo-tsu dansu Kurashkku jazu konsa-to karaoke roma-ji chikketo / : hiu : c ( vt) : thch : ght : .....gii : ......d : vic nu nng thc : thc ung : th thao : d cu : khiu v : m nhc : bi ht : nhc c in : nhc jazz : bui ha nhc : karaoke : nhc kabuki ca Nht : tranh : ch : ch Hn : Ch Hiragana : ch Katakana : ch romaji : tin l : v : thi gian : vic ring : hn : chng (ca ngi khc) : chng (ca mnh) : v (ca ngi khc)

**************************************************************************** 34

**************************************************************************** / / : v (ca mnh) : tr con ( : (hiu) r : i hc : nhiu : mt cht : hon ton~khng : i khi () ( ) : (v) sm : nhanh : ~v, do : ti sao : ng tic tht : alo :~ cng...c c khng? () : th...(ng khng c) : khng c phi khng ? : : hn k

**************************************************************************** 35

****************************************************************************

II NG PHPMu cu 1: Cu hi V d: Lan Lan c t in ting Nht khng? Vng, ti c t in ting Nht Quc Quc c xe p khng? Khng, ti khng c xe p Mu cu 2: Danh t + + : hiu vn g Danh t + + : khng hiu vn g Cu hi: + danh t + + V d: Bo Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ? Vng, ti hiu mt cht + + + : ai c ci g khng ? + + + + : c ci g : khng c ci g

Quc Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?

**************************************************************************** 36

**************************************************************************** Khng, ti hon ton khng hiu

Mu cu 3: S thch Danh t + + + :thch ci g ... Danh t + + + :ght ci g ... Cu hi + danh t + + + ai c thch ci g khng ? + danh t + + + ai c ght ci g khng ? V d: Long Long c thch ting Nht khng ? Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht A A c thch karaoke khng ? Khng, ti khng thch karaoke lm Mu cu 4: Danh t + + + gii ci g ... Danh t + + + d ci g ... Cu hi + danh t + + + ai c gii v ci g khng ? + danh t + + + ai c d v ci g khng ? V d: B B c gii ting Nht khng ? B Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm

**************************************************************************** 37

**************************************************************************** A A c gii th thao khng ? A Vng, anh A rt gii th thao

Mu cu 5: Cch dng: - l t hi v nguyn nhn ca s vic c ngha l Ti sao - Cu tr li dng cui cu c ngha l V V d: A Sng nay A khng n trng Bui ti, B sang nh hi A : B: A: Bi v ti khng khe Mu cu 6: ,~+ Danh t + + V

V d: , Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht, nn ti mua sch ting Nht. , Bi v ti c nhiu tin, nn ti mua xe hi

Mu cu 7: S+ + Danh t + + / Ai c gii/thch v mt loi ca mt lnh vc no . V d: A / Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ? / Ti thch/gii bng

+

**************************************************************************** 38

****************************************************************************

Bi 10 I T VNG : c (ng vt) : c ( vt) : nhiu loi : ngi n ng, con trai : ngi ph n, con gi : con ch : con mo : cy : vt () : cun phim : cc pin : ci hp : cng tc in : t lnh : bn trn : ci ging : ci k : ca ra vo : ca s : thng th : ta nh cao tng : cng vin : qun nc : tim sch : hiu, sch : bn xe, bn ga, tu : huyn (tng ng tnh ca VN) : trn : di : trc : sau : bn phi : bn tri : bn trong **************************************************************************** 39

**************************************************************************** : bn ngoi : bn cnh > : ch gn y : giav () : chng hnhay (hoc) : nht :ngn th () : xin li : pha trong : tng t : quy gia v II NG PHP - MU CU *Ng Php - Mu Cu 1: Ng Php: Noun + + Noun + + : c ai , c con g Mu Cu: + + + + : u c ai vy ? V d: Trong cng vin c ai vy ? Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b *Ng Php - Mu Cu 2: Ng Php: Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ? / + + / + + i vi lai cu hi ny, cu tr li bt buc phi l: / hoc l: / Ch : Cc bn cn phn bit cu hi tr t v i vi ng t v Cu hi c tr t l yu cu cu tr li phi l k ra (nu c) hoc nu khng c th phi tr li l: / / V d: Tr t **************************************************************************** 40

**************************************************************************** Trong cng vin c ai vy ? Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b hoc l: Trong cng vin khng c ai c Tr t / / Trong qun nc c ai / vt g khng ? / Vng c hoc l: , / Khng c *Ng Php - Mu Cu 3: Ng Php: Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr + + t xc nh v tr + + / + + / + + t xc nh v tr + + / + + : u c ai hay vt g, con g V d: Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ? Trong ci hp kia c ci ko Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ? Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c *Ng Php - Mu Cu 4: Ng Php: Mu cu v khng c tr t Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + + t ch v tr + / **************************************************************************** 41

**************************************************************************** Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + + t ch v tr + + / V d: Thnh ph H Ni u vy ? (Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam) Khi vt no hay ai l ch ng th sau ni chn v trc ng t v khng cn tr t *Ng Php - Mu Cu 5: Ng Php: () : Chng hn nh.... V d: Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ? Cch 1: Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch, cp, t in. Cch 2: Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn nh bn, sch... Nh vy cch dng () dng rt ngn cu tr li, khng cn phi lit k ht ra. *Ng Php - Mu Cu 6: Ng Php: Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + / Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + / Hoc: Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + + / Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + + / V d: Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa Hoc: **************************************************************************** 42

**************************************************************************** gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt qun nc

Bi 11 I T VNG : c (ng vt) [] [] : Nht Bn : mt, tn :ngh ngi : 1 ci ( vt) : 2 ci **************************************************************************** 43

**************************************************************************** : 3 ci : 4 ci : 5 ci : 6 ci : 7 ci : 8 ci > : 9 ci ---------------> : mun ng Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g . V d: (Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?) (Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.) A (Anh A mun n mn g vy ?) (watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu> (Ti mun n mn tempura) Ch : Khi m cu hi l th cu tr li phi l . Cn cu hi l th cu tr li cng phi l * Trng hp ph nh ca tnh t v V (y l ng t nhng ph nh nh tnh t) - V y l tnh t nn ph nh ca n s l: b thm ---------> ------------------> (khng mun) V ---------> V ------------------> V (khng mun lm) V d: (Ti khng mun c bn.) **************************************************************************** 52

**************************************************************************** (Ti khng mun n bnh m.) * Ng php 3: Noun (ni chn) + +Noun (V khng + + / / Cch dng: Dng khi mun biu th rng : i n u lm g . V d: * ng t (Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.) * Danh t (Ngy mai ti i n l hi Tokyo)

**************************************************************************** 53

****************************************************************************

Bi 14 Quy c:mu l ng t nhm I, tr t mu xanh dng l ng t nhm II mu hng l ng t nhm III I T VNG : bt (n, tivi) denki wo tsuke masu : bt n : tt (n, tivi) denki wo keshi masu : tt n : m DOA wo ake masu : m ca : ng DOA wo shime masu : ng ca : vi vng, gp gp : ch i tomodachi wo machi masu : i bn : dng (xe, my), u (xe) : quo migi e magari masu : quo phi : cm, mang, c : ly : gip : gi TAKUSHI wo yobi masu : gi Taxi : ni chuyn, k : cho xem : dy, cho bit, ch bo juusho wo oshie masu : cho bit a ch : bt u jugyou wo hajime masu : bt u gi hc : ri (ma, tuyt) ame ga furi masu : ma ri : copy : my iu ha khng kh : h chiu : a ch : bn : mui **************************************************************************** 54

**************************************************************************** : ng : cch c : cch : chm ri, thong th, t t : ngay lp tc : ln na : sau : thm mt cht na : c y : no, vy th : din t s ngc nhin : vic hc : hc ---------------> : vic hc : mua sm --------------> : s mua sm : mua sm --------------> : s mua sm ....... Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c ui l nhng khng phi l danh ng t. V d: : ni chuyn. ............. B TH TE Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn hc qua ng t nhng th , v nhng ng t c ui l . V by gi th Te chnh l t th masu chuyn thnh da vo mt s quy tc. y l quy tc c bn: 1) NG T NHM I Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia rc ri nht. * Nhng ng t c ui l , cc bn s i thnh . V d: b , i thnh : vit --------------------------------> : vit --------------------------------> : nghe-------------------------------> : nghe-------------------------------> : i b-------------------------------> **************************************************************************** 56

**************************************************************************** : i b -------------------------------> * Nhng ng t c ui l cc bn s i thnh . V d: b , i thnh : bi ----------------------------------------------> : bi ----------------------------------------------> : vi v--------------------------------------------> : vi v -------------------------------------------> * Nhng ng t c ui l , cc bn s i thnh V d: b , ,(. Thm : ung ---------------------------------------> : ung ---------------------------------------> : gi ---------------------------------------> : gi ---------------------------------------> : c ---------------------------------------> : c ---------------------- ----------------> i vi hai ng t v th khi chia th , cc bn phi xem xt ng cnh ca cu bit c n l ng t hay ng t . * Nhng ng t c ui l , , cc bn i thnh (khng bit phi vit sao V d: b ,,(,(. Thm :quo ----------------------------------------> :quo ----------------------------------------> : mua ----------------------------------------> : mua ----------------------------------------> : leo ----------------------------------------> : leo -----------------------------------------> : bit -----------------------------------------> : bit -----------------------------------------> * Nhng ng t c ui l th ch cn thm V d: b thm **************************************************************************** 57

**************************************************************************** : n -----------------------> : n -----------------------> : gi-----------------------> : gi ----------------------> : tt----------- -----------> : tt-----------------------> * Ring ng t do l ng t c bit ca nhm I nn s chia nh sau: b , . Thm : i---------------------------------> : i---------------------------------> 2) NG T NHM II - Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II, v y l nhm c cch chia n gin nht. * i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b thm . V d: b thm : n -------------------------------> : n -------------------------------> : m -------------------------------> : m -------------------------------> : bt u----------------------------> :bt u ---------------------------> * Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit thuc nhm II, cch chia nh sau: b thm : tm----------------------------> : tm----------------------------> : c th-------------------------> : c th---------------------> : c------------------------------> : c------------------------------> : thc dy----------------------> : thc dy----------------------> : xung (xe)------------------> : xung (xe)------------------> : mn-------------------------> : mn------------------------->

3)ng t nhm III - Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm III. V nhm ny cch chia cng v cng n gin. **************************************************************************** 58

**************************************************************************** V d: b thm : lm, v ---------------------------> : lm, v ---------------------------> : i do ---------------------------> : i do ---------------------------> :hc ----------------------------> : hc ---------------------------> y l ng t c bit nhm III: : i --------------------> : i --------------------> * Ng php 2: - Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th , th cc bn va mi hc. V + : Yu cu ai lm g . V d: (Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny) (Hy n thnh ph ca ti) * Ng php 3: - Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m) V + : khng nh V + : ph nh V d: * (Anh Mira ang gi in thoi) * (By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?) + (, ng vy) + (Khng, khng c ma) **************************************************************************** 59

**************************************************************************** * Ng php 3: - Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ? V + + V d: (Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

**************************************************************************** 60

****************************************************************************

Bi 15 T bi ny, Hira s nh thm kanji ca t vng vo v nhm ca cc ng t (I,II,III). Cc bi trc s b sung sau. Nhng bn no c font Ting Nht th mi xem c ch kanji, nhng bn khng c th nh chu. Cn cc nhm ng t th vn theo quy c c : Quy c:mu l ng t nhm I, tr t mu xanh dng l ng t nhm II mu hng l ng t nhm III I T VNG I : ng I : ngi I : s dng I : t I : lm, sn xut I : lm(nh) I : bn I : bit : bit : bit s in thoi I : sng : sng : sng Osaka III : nghin cu : ti liu : Catalogue : lch trnh (tu xe) : trang phc : sn phm : phn mm (my tnh) : chuyn mn : nha s : tim ht tc (dnh cho nam gii) : ni bn v (kch, ha nhc) : c thn : c bit I : nh : gia nh (ngi khc) I : (knh ng) : trng cp 3 **************************************************************************** 61

**************************************************************************** Lu : ng t c hai ng t. * Mt ng t ngha l thc dy thuc nhm II (vit ra kanji l ch ) * Mt ng t ngha l t thuc nhm I (vit ra kanji l ch ) II NG PHP Ng php bi ny vn thuc th . V th th xin cc bn xem li bi 14. * Ng php 1: - Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h c th lm iu g . V + + V d: (Bn c th chp hnh) (Ti c th ht thuc khng ?) * Ng php 2: - Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g . V + + - Lu rng ch trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nnkhi vit phi vit ch trong bng ch, nhng vn c l . V d: (Bn khng c php ht thuc y) (Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?) * (c ch.) * (Khng, cc con khng c php) Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc V + + th nu bn tr li l: * th i sau n phi l : c php * th i sau n phi l : khng c php **************************************************************************** 62

**************************************************************************** Lu : i vi ng t c ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph nh l V d: (Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?) * (Bit ch) * (Khng, mnh khng bit)

Bi 16 Xin li cc bn phi ch lu. T lc ny, cc bi s c post ln lin tc kp tin vi bi m Hira ang hc. Ch : Do mu sc ca din n v ch thay i lin tc nn cc nhm ng t mnh s m ngoc ghi nhm ch khng phn bit bng mu sc nh trc y na. Cn v sao n li thuc nhm th xin xem li cc bi trc. Ch c tr t th s c in bng mu xanh dng. T c trng cho th s in bng mu xanh l cy. I| T VNG I : bc ln (xe, tu) densha ni : i xe in II : xung (xe, tu) densha wo : xung xe in II : sang xe, i xe II : tm SHAWA wo : tm bng vi sen II : b vo, cho vo II : a ra, xut ra ginkou de okane wo : rt tin ti ngn hng I : vo daigaku ni : vo i hc II : ra daigaku wo : ra trng II : ngh, b kaisha wo : ngh vic I : n, y **************************************************************************** 63

**************************************************************************** (i) : tr trung (i) : di (i) : ngn (i) : sng sa (i) : ti, m u : dng ngi cao : thng minh : thn th : ci u : tc : khun mt : mt : l tai : ming : rng : bng : chn : s phc v : vic chy b : vi sen : cy xanh, mu xanh () () : cha : n th (Thn o) : du hc sinh : th nht : lm nh th no ? : no : ngi no () : khng, vn cha : tn mt loi tu Nht Bn : Chu : anh rt tin phi khng ? : nt bm : th tn dng : trc tin, trc ht : k tip : xc nhn, kim tra li : s tin

II NG PHP - Ng php bi ny vn thuc th , xin xem li v th bi 14 * Ng Php 1: - Ni cc ng t trong mt cu. **************************************************************************** 64

**************************************************************************** - Dng th v ngn cch bng du phy. ng t cui cng vn l th C php: V + V + V + ......+ V V d: (I) (II)() (III) (I) (II)() (III) : mua ---------------> : ht ---------------> : ht --------------> : vit --------------> : vit --------------> : vi vng -------------> : vi vng------------> Tng t vi my ng t cn li : ---------------> ------------> --------------> --------------> ---------------> * Ring ng t : : c ----------------> : c --------------->

2 Nhm II: i vi cc ng t nhm II ch cn b thm . V d: : n ----------------------> :n ---------------------> : ra ----------------------> : ra ----------------------> : tm----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II) : tm----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II) : mn----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II) : mn--------------------->(ng t c bit nhm II) 3 Nhm III: i vi cc ng t nhm III, ta b thm .

**************************************************************************** 68

**************************************************************************** V d: : lm --------------------> : lm --------------------> : lo lng--------------------> : lo lng-----------------> : hc--------------------> : hc -------------------> * Ring ng t : : n --------------> : n --------------> B NG PHP TH NAI 1 Ng php 1: Yu cu ai ng lm iu g . C php: V + V d: (I) (I) (Xin ng ht thuc) (I) (I) (Xin ng lm mt h chiu) 2 Ng php 2: Yu cu ai phi lm mt iu g hay do tnh th nn phi lm iu . C php: - Chia ng t th ri b + V + V d: (I) (I) (Hc sinh th mi ngy phi n trng) A san i n bc s khm bnh. Sau khi khm xong Bc s yu cu A san : A (II) **************************************************************************** 69

**************************************************************************** (I) A (II) (I) (A san, mi ngy sau khi n cm ti xong, phi ung thuc ngay) 3 Ng php 3: Ni vi ai rng h khng cn lm iu cng c C php: - Chia ng t th ri b + V + V d: (I) [b] (I) (Khi bc vo trong nh ca ti, khng cn ci giy cng c) 4 Ng php 4: Nhn mnh mt vic lm no bng cch a danh t ln u cu. C php: + + (Danh t) + + (ng t) V d: ( ) (I) ( ) (I) (Ngy mai (ti) phi vit bo co) ----> ( ) (I) ( ) (I) (Bo co th ngy mai phi vit) - Cu trn chuyn i a danh t ra trc nhm nhn mnh s vic. - Khi a danh t ra trc th nu cu gi nguyn th i (trc thnh (v cu khng th c hai tr t , cn khng th b v ch ng y c hiu ngm.

**************************************************************************** 70

****************************************************************************

Bi 18 IT VNG II PIANO wo ME TORU : c th : ty, ra : chi n : chi : ht : tp hp, su tp : vt b i : i : li xe : hn trc, t : i tham quan : mt : quc t

I I n I II II II III III trc III hc hi

**************************************************************************** 71

**************************************************************************** : in thoi quc t : tin mt : s thch : nht k : cu nguyn : trng ban : trng phng : gim c : n piano : ban nhc Beatles : ng vt : con nga : t biu th khen(, ng y) : iu tht th v : mi m khng : bi, trang tri chn nui : tht sao ? : nht nh (i vi V II NG PHP Bi ny, chng ta s c hc mt th mi (theo gio trnh Minna) nhng qu quen vi mt s gio trnh khc. l th : (Th t in) hay cn gi l th nguyn mu thc cht l th nguyn mu ca mi ng t. Khi ngi Nht qua y dy ting Nht, v lch s h dng (tc th dy chng ta. V th cc bn thy tt c mi ng t chng ta hc t trc n gi u bt u th trc ri mi chuyn qua cc th khc. Th nhng iu li gy kh khn cho chng ta cch chia ng t, bi v thc cht chia t th nguyn mu sang cc th khc li d hn l t th chia sang cc th khc. Tuy nhin nu bn no c th tip thu tt th ci kh khn ny ch l g c. V d: + Chia t th sang th mnh lnh (th ngn ca sau ny s hc) **************************************************************************** 72

**************************************************************************** -----------> kakimasu---------->kake ------------> machimasu----------- > mate + Chia t th nguyn mu sang th mnh lnh -----------> kaku ----------->kake ------------> matsu------------> mate Nhn th cc bn cng bit cch no d chia hn phi khng. Th nhng chng ta qu quen vi cch chia th nht nn chng ta s khng thay i. Cn cch chia th hai th l ca trng Sakura s dng (V Hira hc song song hai bn nn bit) A TH NGUYN MU INHM I i vi ng t nhm I cc bn b v chuyn ui t ct (i) sang ct (u) V d: b i ct (i) thnh ct (u) ------------------------>------------------------------> kakimasu kaki kaku : vit

------------------------>------------------------------> : mua kaimasu kai kau ------------------------>------------------------------> : ci ra nugimasu nugi nugu ------------------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np dashimasu dashi dasu ------------------------>------------------------------> : ng tachimasu tachi tatsu ----------------------->-------------------------------> : gi yobimasu yobi yobu ----------------------->-------------------------------> : c yomimasu yomi yomu **************************************************************************** 73

**************************************************************************** ------------------------>------------------------------- > : chp (hnh) torimasu tori toru IINHM II i vi ng t nhm II th rt l n gin. Cc bn ch vic b , thm V d: b thm -------------------------------------> tabemasu taberu -----------------------------------> oboemasu oboeru :n : nh

---------------------------------> : suy ngh kangaemasu kangaeru -------------------------------------> abimasu abiru -------------------------------------> dekimasu dekiru : tm (ng t c bit) : c th (dng t c bit)

IINHM II i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui thnh V d: i ui thnh -------------------------------------------------> benkyoushimasu benkyousuru -------------------------------------------------> kekkonshimasu kekkonsuru bit) kimasu -------------------------------------------------> kuru : hc : kt hn

: n (ng t c

B NG PHP INg php 1: +Ai c th, c kh nng lm g . +Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi C php: **************************************************************************** 74

**************************************************************************** Noun + + V( + + + Noun +wo + V(jishokei) + koto +ga + dekimasu V d: (Ti c th bi 100 mt)

A A A san wa kanji wo 300 ji oboeru koto ga dekimasen (Anh A khng th nh 300 ch kanji) IINg php 2: +i vi ng t chia th nguyn mu cng vi danh t cng vi cng vi thi gian cng vi C php: Noun + + V() + Noun + wo + V(jishokei) + maeni Noun + + Noun + no + maeni + jikan + maeni : Trc khi lm ci g ,......... : Trc ci g ,................ : Cch y........,..............

V d: (Mi ngy trc khi ng, ti u c truyn tranh) (Trc k thi, phi n li nhng vn phm hc) DamSen DamSen (Cch y 3 nm ti n cng vin m Sen) **************************************************************************** 75

**************************************************************************** IIINg php 3: + S thch l g + Chia ng t (nu c) th nguyn mu cng vi C php: Noun + V() + + Noun + V(jishokei) + koto + desu V d: Q : A A A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka (A san, s thch ca bn l g vy) A : watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu (S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh) Bi 19 I T VNG I : leo yama ni : leo ni I : tr HOTERU ni : tr li khch sn III : lau chi III : git gi III : luyn tp : tr nn : bun ng : mnh m : yu : tnh trng (sc khe, my mc) : tnh trng xu : tnh trng tt : ngy : golf : mn nh vt, v s sumo : my nh bc : tr o : mt ln : mt ln cng khng : dn dn : sp sa () (okagesamade) : nh n tri **************************************************************************** 76

**************************************************************************** : ting h khi cng ly : tht ra l, tht ra th : n king : nhiu ln : tuy nhin : qu mc, v l : tt cho c th : c hi cho c th : bnh ngt II NG PHP ATH Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th . V sao khng mi, l v cch chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch chia ca th . Cc bn ch vic chia nh th v thay thnh V d: -------------------->--------> kakimasu kaite kaita -------------------->-------- > yomimasu yonde yonda -------------------->--------> tabemasu tabete tabeta : vit (nhm I) : c (nhm I) : n (nhm II)

--------->--------> : hc (nhm III) benkyoushimasu benkyoushite benkyoushita B NG PHP INg php 1: + tng lm vic g cha ? + Chia ng t th cng vi C php: Noun + + V() + Noun + wo + V(ta) + koto ga ari masu V d: (Ti tng i n okinawa) **************************************************************************** 77

**************************************************************************** (Ti tng n sushi) IINg php 2: + Lit k nhng vic lm mt cch tng trng. + Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th ca ng t, nhng nu dng cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic mnh lm ra. Cn ng php ny th cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm tng trng thi. + Chia th ca ng t, cng vi . ng t cui l v dch l "no l....,no l......" C php: V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +.........+ V1(ta) + , + V2(ta) + , + V3(ta) + +........ + : no l...,no l...... V d: A A (A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?) (Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....> IIINg php 3: + Tr nn nh th no . C php: Danh t + + Tnh t (i) (b i) + + Tnh t (na) + + V d: HOCHIMINH HOCHIMINH (By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri> **************************************************************************** 78

**************************************************************************** (Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)

**************************************************************************** 79

****************************************************************************

BI 20 I T VNG

Th ngn

cn[viza] tm hiu,iu tra sa cha,sa li,nh chnh sa cha gi in thoi anh ,ti ,t(cch xng h thn mt ca con trai thay cho{} cu,bn,my(cch xng h thn mt Ca con trai thay cho{} ~~ Cu(con trai s dng cch xng h ny Mt cch thn mt thay cho{~} ,vng(thn mt ca ) Khng,khng phi(thn mt ca ) T,li,ngn ng Ngi lm cng n lng Vt gi,gi c hng ha Komono Visa S bt u S kt thc ng ny,ch ny(thn mt ca ng ,ch (thn mt ca ng kia,ch ng kia(thn mt ca Ci no,ng no,ch no(thn mt Trong khong thi gian ny~ Tt c mi ngi cng nhau **************************************************************************** 80

**************************************************************************** Nhng m(thn mt ca ) (Anh)sp v nc ? (Anh )s lm g? (Ti) s lm gi nh? Tt ri a dng

II - NG PHPA - Gii thiu chung -Th ngn l th dng trong vn ni. -Th ngn c dng : + Giao tip vi ngi thn ca mnh, ngi trong gia nh mnh +Giao tip vi ngi nh hn mnh, chc v nh hn mnh (cp di trong cng ty) v dng thng xuyn trong cuc sng sinh hot bnh thng. -Th ngn khng c dng cho : + Ngi mi quen ln u, ngi khng thn thit. +Cp trn ca mnh B - Cch chia v mt s im cn ch : Th ngn s c 3 loi : +Th ngn ca ng t +Th ngn ca danh t v tnh t ui +Th ngn ca tnh t ui I TH NGN CA NG T 1. Khng nh hin ti: V() -----------> V () V d: -----------------> -----------------> ------------------> ----------------- > ----------------- > -----------------> 2 . Ph nh hin ti: **************************************************************************** 81

**************************************************************************** V()----------> V() V d: -----------------> -----------------> -----------------> -----------------> -----------------> ------------------> 3. Khng nh qu kh: V()-----------------> V() V d: -----------------> -----------------> ------------------> -----------------> -----------------> ----------------->

4. Ph nh qu kh: V() -------->V() V d: -------------> --------------> ---------------> --------------> --------------> ------------->

II -TH NGN CA DANH T V TNH T UI Danh t v tnh t ui c cch chia ging nhau. 1. Khng nh hin ti: Danh t (tnh t + ( -------------> Danh t (tnh t + ( V d: --------------------------> ------------------------- > **************************************************************************** 82

**************************************************************************** -------------------------> -------------------------> 2. Ph nh hin ti: Danh t (tnh t + ( ------> Danh t (tnh t + ( V d: --------------------> ---------------------> -------------------> -------------------> 3. Khng nh qu kh: Danh t (tnh t + ( -----------------> Danh t (tnh t + ( V d: ------------------------> ----------------------- > ----------------------> ---------------------- > 4. Ph nh qu kh:Danh t(tnh t +() ---> Danh t (tnh t +(

V d: -----------------> ----------------> ----------------> ----------------> 3 - TNH T UI Tnh t ui b --------------------> ---------------------> ------------------> -----------------> -----------------> -----------------> **************************************************************************** 83

**************************************************************************** -----------------> -----------------> Mt s im cn ch : - Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l ln ging) V d: NI BNH THNG HI ----------------> - --------------> - Cc cu hi c t hi khi chuyn sang th ngn phi ln ging cui cu. V d : - c ni tt l .................... ..................... ..................... ....................

**************************************************************************** 84

****************************************************************************

BI 21I. T VNGngh ni ,y thng,chin thng thua c ~~c l hi v ch,lng ph bt tin ging khng khip(biu th s ngc nhin,thn phc) th tng tng thng chnh tr tin tc,bn tin bi din thuyt,bi hng bin ~ din thuyt,hng bin trn u cng vic lm thm ~ lm thm kin cu chuyn ~ k chuyn hi hc v ch,lng ph mu thit k giao thng gi cao im,gi tan tm gn y c l chc l tht s l **************************************************************************** 85

**************************************************************************** n nh th(dng vi ph nh) v~ khng cn cch no khc

lu ngy qu nh? (Anh) ung nh? (Ti) mn xem Tt nhin chut ti,Kanguru thuyn trng Jamnes Cook(1728-79)

~

**************************************************************************** 86

****************************************************************************

II.NG PHPMu cu 1

V

A

A

N ngha :Nu cm tng, cm ngh , kin v s phng on ca mnh v 1 vn no . -V d:

1. Hm nay, ti ngh rng thy INOUE s khng ti.

2. Ti ngh rng bi kim tra tun sau s kh.

3. Ti ngh rng ngi Nht rt thn thin

4. Ti ngh rng giao thng Nht rt tin li. Mu cu 2 Cu hi: ~N~ V N th bn ngh nh th no. Tr li: Mu cu 1 ngha: S dng khi hi ai ngh v 1 vn no nh th no -V d:

1. Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.

--> Ti ngh rng giao thng Nht rt tin li.

2. Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.

--> Ti ngh Ting Nht rt th v.

**************************************************************************** 87

**************************************************************************** Mu cu 3 Truyn li dn trc tip

Li dn trc tip+ -V d:

1. Trc ba n th phi ni g?

--> Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu] Mu cu 4 Truyn li dn gin tip.

V

A A

N ngha : Ai ni rng l g .. -V d

1. Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.

2. Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng. Mu cu 5

V

A

A

N ngha: Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s ng tnh ca ngi khc. -V d:

1 . Hm nay tri nng nh.

2. Th su c ngh c phi khng? **************************************************************************** 88

****************************************************************************

BI 22I. T VNG

Mnh quan h

~ ~~ ~~ nh sinh

Mc( o s mi) mc( qun),x (giy) i(m) eo ( knh) sinh ra o khoc qun o vt o len m knh mt thng,hay xin chc mng(dng trong cc dp Nht,m ci hay nm mi) ci ny(cch ni lch s ca tin thu nh ....

phng n c bp phng kiu nht ni chn gi kiu nht nm v chn bng

khu chung c Paris vn l trng thnh sch trng v vui chi gii tr

trung tm pht trin dich v gii tr **************************************************************************** 89

****************************************************************************

II. NG PHPMu cu 1 N1 V d mu

Mnh b ngha cho N2

y l tm nh.

Anh ti chp. ---->Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h

----> y l bc nh anh ti chp. -Phn tch cu trn s thy =N1

Mnh b ngha cho N2 V d

N2

y l ci bnh do ba ti lm. y l tin ti nhn c t m. Mu cu 2 Mnh b ngha cho N1 N2 V d mu

Hanoi Ti c sinh ra H Ni --->Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh ---> Hanoi Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni -Phn tch cu trn th

Mnh b ngha cho N1 N1 Hanoi=N2

**************************************************************************** 90

**************************************************************************** V d H H l ngi ang eo knh --> H Ngi ang eo knh l H

Minh Minh l ngi ang i giy en. --> Minh Ngi ang i giy en l Minh. Mu cu 3 Mnh b ngha NV y l phn m rng ca mu cu 1 V d

Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm

Hy cho ti xem nh chp H CH MInh.

Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic Mu cu 4 A Mnh b ngha N A y cng l phn m rng ca mu cu 1.

Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon

Ti thch ci o s mi nhn c t m ti.

Ti mun c nh to.

**************************************************************************** 91

**************************************************************************** Mu cu 5 Mnh b ngha N -V d:

Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm

Ti khng c thi gian vit th

Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn ti

Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.

Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm

Ti mun kt hn vi ngi c th ni ting Nht.

**************************************************************************** 92

****************************************************************************

BI 23I.T VNG Hi[thy c gio] [~] vn,xoay ko i s [vo ca] ~ ra[tin tha chy ra] ~ di chuyn,chuyn[dng h]chy ~ i b[trn ng] qua[cu] ch [ t],cn thn chuyn nh ca hng bn in ~ ca hng c ting my mc hng,s c ng ng ba,ng t tn hiu giao thng gc cu bi xe,ni xe th -(ch th t) tt nguyn n cm n mi(ni sau khi n Ung xong)

Ta nh

**************************************************************************** 93

****************************************************************************

ngi nc ngoi

th ng k c tr cho

Thi t Shotoku Cha Hoyuyji( Nara) c Toshoku xy dng vo u th k th 7

thi t

Tr gi tng ga gi tng Bn xe but gi

tng

II. NG PHP**************************************************************************** 94

**************************************************************************** Mu cu 1

V

A A N V d :

: Khi~

Khi qua ng th ch xe t.

Khi c bo th eo knh.

Khi khng hiu cch pht m ca ting Nht, th hy hi thy gio.

Khi hoa qu r ti rt hay i mua.

Khi yn tnh ti thng c sch.

Khi c bi kim tra th ti b m. Ch :

V1 V2 ---> V2 y phi xy ra trc V1

Trn ng v nh th ti mua sch (Hnh ng mua sch phi xy ra trc hnh ng v nh) V1 V2 ---> V1 y phi xy ra trc V2

Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] (Hnh ng ni [tadaima] xy ra sau hnh ng v nh)

Mu cu 2

V1

+

V2

**************************************************************************** 95

**************************************************************************** ngha : + Khi V1 nguyn th + th sau hnh ng s ko theo s vic ,hnh ng (V2) tip theo xy ra mt cch tt nhin + Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn cch s dng my mc V d

i ht con ng ny ri s n cng vin.

n ci nt ny th s c v ra

Vn ci nt ny th ting s to ln.

BI 24I.T VNG**************************************************************************** 96

**************************************************************************** cho ti,tng ti dn (ai )i dn (ai )n tin,a(mt ai ) gii thiu hng dn thuyt minh,gii thch pha{c ph} / ng ni,ng ngoi,ng c / b ni,b ngoi,b c chun b ngha,ngha bnh ko tt c,ton b t mnh

ngoi ra Xe Wagon(mt loi xe hi) cm hp ngy l ca m

II. NG PHPMu cu 1 S[ ] N - ngha: Ngi khc tng hoc cho mnh mt ci g . **************************************************************************** 97

**************************************************************************** -V d:

Anh ti tng ti i giy.

Ngi yu ti tng hoa cho ti. Ch : C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thay i.

V d : Mu cu 2: S [ ]N V

- ngha : Ngi khc lm gip (lm cho) mnh ci g . -V d:

M ti mua cho ti ci o len

Yamada v gip ti ci bn . Ch : + C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thay i

V d :

Mu cu 3 [ ] SN

ngha : Mnh tng hoc cho ngi khc ci g -V d

Thao Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch

Thanh Ti tng bn Thanh hoa Mu cu 4: []S NV

**************************************************************************** 98

**************************************************************************** - ngha: Mnh lm gip(lm cho) ngi khc mt ci g -V d:

Quyen Hanoi Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v H Ni

Ha Ti gip bn H chuyn nh Ch : + Ngi Nht rt t khi dng mu cu ny v dng mu cu ny l t cao bn thn. + C th lc bt m khng thay i ngha ca cu. Mu cu 5 []S N ngha : Mnh nhn c t ngi khc mt ci g -V d:

Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka

Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA Mu cu 6 []S NV

ngha : Ngi khc lm g gip mnh,h mnh. -V d:

Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht

Dao Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch

BI 25I.T VNG suy ngh n ni,n (nh ga) du hc c tui,gi nng thn,qu hng **************************************************************************** 99

**************************************************************************** i s qun nhm c hi ~trm triu nu bao nhiu cng~

chuyn ch lm s vic Cng ung nh

Xin cm n gip nhiu ti s c gng chc sc khe(cho khi i

xa)

II. NG PHPMu cu 1 : Cu iu kin V , A[] , V 2 A[] , N , : Nu ~ th.....

ngha: Nu iu kin v 1 xy ra th s c kt qu v 2. +V d vi ng t **************************************************************************** 10 0

****************************************************************************

Nu tri ma th ti s khng ra ngoi.

Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.

Nu xe but khng ti th ti s i taxi. +V d vi tnh t

(Khi)Nu tri lnh th hy bt iu ha

~ (Khi)Nu c thi gian rnh th hy hc bi . +V d vi danh t

~ (Khi)Nu thi tit p th ti s i do. Mu cu 2 V ( ) A[] A[] N

V 2

: D cho ~ nhngvn

ngha : + D cho .... nhng vn. + c tc dng nhn mnh thm ca cu vn c ngha l [~th no i chng na] -V d: +Vi ng t:

Cho d c hc nh th no i chng na nhng ti vn thi trt.

Cho d c tui nhng ti vn mun lm vic +Vi tnh t:

D bun ng nhng ti vn phi vit bo co. **************************************************************************** 10 1

****************************************************************************

D cho nng thn c yn tnh th ti vn mun sng thnh ph +Vi danh t

Cho d b m nhng ti vn khng i bnh vin.

Bai 26 -Cu trc: V(-Th thng thng)+ A (-Th thng thng)+ A (-Th thng thng)+ N(-Th thng thng)+ -Ng php 1.Ngi ni a ra phng on sau khi nhn,nghe thy mt iu g ri sau xc nh li thng tin y. + Bn mua my tnh mi phi khng? **************************************************************************** 10 2

**************************************************************************** + Bn i leo ni . + Bn cm thy khng c khe ? 2.Ngi ni yu cu ngi nghe gii thch v vic ngi ni nghe hoc nhn thy. ( Mang tnh cht t m) + tng s c la cho ai y + Bn n Nht t khi no? + Bn chp bc nh ny u vy? 3. thanh minh , gii thch l do v li ni hay hnh ng ca mnh. + Ti sao hm qua li ngh th? Ti v hm qua ti au u sut. + Ti sao li chuyn nh vy? Ti v nh by gi trt 4.Mu cu V1 V2(Th ) Ngi ni mun lm V1, v nh ngi nghe lm V2 gip mnh (V2 l hng gii quyt V1) Bt u ch ca cu chuyn ri tip n l a ra li yu cu,xin php, hi kin. + Ti mun vit th bng ting Nht,bn c th dy ti mt cht c khng? + Ti mun i n Tokyo, bn c th v gip ti bn c khng? 5.Mu cu V1 V2 Ngi ni mun lm V1 v hi ngi nghe l nu lm V2 th c tt khng? hoc lm th no th tt + **************************************************************************** 10 3

**************************************************************************** V l ti mun tr nn gii ting Nht,lm th no th tt ? + V l ti khng bit s in thoi, lm th no tra c ?

Bai 27 I - Th kh nng 1.Cch chuyn t th sang th kh nng a.Vi cc ng t nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct V d: - C th chi c( nhc c) - C th bi c - C th sa c ... b. Vi cc ng t nhm II: Cc bn ch vic b nhng ng t nhm ny ri thm V d - C th n c - C th xy c c. Vi cc ng t nhm III: - C th n c -~~~~~~ C th hc c C th thnh cng c II. Ng php 1. bi 27 ny l cch ni biu th kh nng c th lm c ci g y hay khng ca mnh hoc ca ngi khc bng cch s dng th kh nng trn. **Lu rng tr t ca th kh nng lun lun l V d: - Ti c th vit th c bng ting Nht - Ti c th n c 10 bt Ramen (M) 2. Mu cu: ~~~V Ch c mi~~~ Mu cu ny c ngha tng ng vi -V d: + **************************************************************************** 10 4

**************************************************************************** Hm nay ti c ngh c mi 15 pht + Ti ch hiu mi ting Nht 3.Mu cu: N V(Th kh nng)N V(PH nh ca th kh nng) *y l mu cu so snh, c th lm c ci ny nhng khng th lm c ci kia -V d Ti c th ni c ting Nht nhng khng th ni c ting Anh + C th chi c bng chy nhng khng th chi oc tenis 4.1 C th nhn thy * Vi ngha l c th nhn thy , do ngoi cnh tc ng vo vic mnh c nhn thy hay khng. Khc vi theo cch chuyn sang th kh nng ch l do ch quan ca ngi ni. V d: *Vi + Ti c th nhn r nhng vt nh + T nh ca ti c th nhn thy ni *Vi Mt ca ti khng nhn thy c (Ti b m) 4.2 C th nghe c * Cng ging vi l nhng m thanh nghe c y l do ngoi cnh, do t nhin, l nhng m thanh t lt vo tai nh tieng chim ht chng hn.Khc vi l do ch quan ca ngi nghe mun nghe c. -v d vi + m thanh v nh qu , ti khng nghe thy c Ti nghe c m thanh ban ny nhng bn ti th khng nghe c -v d vi Tai ca ti khng nghe c( Ti b ic) **************************************************************************** 10 5

**************************************************************************** 5.Mu cu: ~~~ ** y khng mang ngha c th m n c ngha l ci g ang hoc c hon thnh. V d: - y ang xy ci g vy? - y ang xy vin bo tng - Bao gi th xong nh vy? - Khong 5 gi chiu th xong. - Ti hon thnh xong bi tp 6.1 Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh th n c tc dng nhn mnh mun ni trong cu. V d: trng ca ti th c c gio vin ngui M - trng i hc ca ti th phi hc c ting - T nh ca ti th nhn thy c c ni. 6.2 Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh th c ngha l y cng .... g y. V d: - trng ca em ti th cng c gio vin ngi M - trng ca anh ti th cng phi hc ting - T nh ca ng ti cng c th nhn thy ni.

**************************************************************************** 10 6

**************************************************************************** Bai 28 I/ Mu cu:V1(b V2 -Ng php: Va lm V1 va lm V2,V1 lun lun l hnh ng ph so vi V2. -V d: + Ti va cho xem nh va gii thch + Ti va lm vic Nht va hc ting Nht. + Ti va c sch hng dn va nu n II/Mu cu:~~V -Ng php: ng t chia th dng ni v mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn, theo thi quen -V d: + Vo ngy ngh ti thng chi banh + Khi rnh ti lc no cng hc ting Anh + Hng sng bn thng lm g trong tu in? Ti va nghe nhc va c sch III/Mu cu:~~~,~~~,~~~. -Ng php: Va th ny li va th kia... Tr t s dng trong cu thng l tr t 1/Vi ng t: V -Th t in)+V2-Th t in)+, Va V1 li va V2,hn na li.... -V d: + Bn n va c th ni c ting Anh, va c th ni c ting Nht, hn na li cn gii c chuyn mn. + Bn Ri va c th chi c Piano va c th nhy c, hn na li c th ht c. **************************************************************************** 10 7

**************************************************************************** 2/Vi tnh t: -Vi tnh t ui th gi nguyn ri thm -V d: + Gi va r, li va ngon nn lc no (ti) cng n qun ny. -Vi tnh t ui v danh t th b thm -V d: + C y va xinh li va thn thin,hn na cn c th ni c ting A Bai 29 I/Mu cu + Ng php -Mu cu: N/(ng t chia th ) -Ng php: Din t trng thi trng thy trc mt, trng thi l kt qu ca hnh ng no ,tr t s lm nhn mnh thm ca cu. -V d: + Ca s ang m + Ci gh hng (ang hng) + Ci ti ny rch + Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng II/ Mu cu + Ng php -Mu cu V( ng t chia th -Ng php: Din t vic g c hon tt, hon thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni hi tic v vic mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh hnh ng ca ai . -V d: + Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri. + Ti n ht bnh mua hi sng ri. + Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri + **************************************************************************** 10 8

**************************************************************************** Ti lm ri v u mt ri. ***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng hay s nui tic ph bnh***

Bai 30 I/Mu cu+ Ng php -Mu cu: N1 N2 -Ng php: Din t chi tit hn mt vt hin hu trng thi nh th no -V d: + D nh ca thng ny c ghi trn lch. + Ti n cnh st c dn bn ca thnh ph. + trn tng c treo ci gng. II/Mu cu + Ng php -Mu cu: V( ng t chia th -Ng php: Nhng ng t chia th i km vi thng l tha ng t, din t c ai thc hin hnh ng -V d: + Gi ca bui hi ngh thng bo cho mi ngi ri. + Ngoi ca ra vo v hnh lang dn v sinh cha? Vng dn v sinh ri. + thng bo gi ca ba tic cha? + Vng, thng bo ri III/Mu cu + Ng php -Mu cu: V ng t chia th -Ng php:Lm trc hay lm sn ci g tin cho vic v sau. -V d: **************************************************************************** 10 9

**************************************************************************** + Trc khi bn n th dn dp trc phng. + Trc khi vit bo co th hy thu thp trc ti liu + Trc khi c bi kim tra th hy n tp li sn Bai 31 ** Th hng - ** A/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th hng 1.Vi ng t nhm I -Cch chuyn:Chuyn t ct ca ng t th sang ct -V d: + :Mua + :i b + :khn trng + : i 2.Vi ng t nhm II -Cch chuyn: Vi nhng ng t nhm ny ch vic b ri thm vo. -V d: + : n + : Nhn + : Nh 3. Vi ng t nhm III -Cch chia: Cng ging nhm II, ch vic b thm vo sau. -V d: + : C mt +: i cng tc **Vi ng t s thnh th hng. B/ Ng php bi 31 I/ Cu trc + NG php -Cu trc: V(-Th hng) -Ng php: - Dng khi mun r r hoc yu cu ngi nghe ng vi mnh chuyn g . -V d: + Hy i chi no! + NGh mt cht no + **************************************************************************** 11 0

**************************************************************************** i mua no. -S dng khi c thoi. + 12h ri, i ng thi! II/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-th hng) -Ng php:Din t quyt nh, ch hoc k hoch ca ngi ni, quyt nh c t trc v by gi vn gi quyt nh . -V d: + Nu m c thi gian th ti d nh s i du lch + Ti d nh l s tm vic ti Nht Bn + Ti d nh l s hc tp ti nc ngoi. III/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-Th ) -NG php: Vn cha lm ci g y -V d: + Vn cha np bo co + xem b phim mi cha? + Cha, ti vn cha xem. IV/ Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: -V(-Th t din) -V -Ng php: Ch hng r rt, mt quyt nh chc chn hoc mt k hoch c th do ngi ni ra. -V d: + Gn y v tr nn hi bo mt cht nn ti quyt nh t by gi s n king + . 27 tui ti d nh s kt hn. **************************************************************************** 11 1

**************************************************************************** + Hanoi Hanoi Ti quyt nh s sng sut H Ni + V tnh trng rng khng c tt nn ti quyt nh s khng n ngt. + Ti quyt nh s khng tr v nc V/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-Th t in) N -Ng php:L d nh c ln k hoch mt cch chc chn. -V d: + Tun sau gim c s i n chi nhnh. + Chuyn bay s n vo lc 11h + Sang tun sau na th s i cng tc. + Bi kim tra d nh s trong khong 2 ting

Bai 32 I/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-Th qu kh)+ V -Ng php: Dng khi mun a ra li khuyn i vi ngi nghe, lm g th tt hn hoc khng lm g th tt hn.Cn c nghe v lm theo hay khng th ty ngi c khuyn. -V d: + Khi b bnh th nn i n bnh vin. + Gn y hc sinh hay i chi nh. **************************************************************************** 11 2

**************************************************************************** ng l th nh. Th nhng, ti ngh l lc cn tr thu c nhiu kinh nghim th tt hn. + V au u nn khng ung bia th tt hn y. + Ti mun i chi chu u khong 1 thng, 40 vn yn c khng? Ti ngh l . Th nhng, khng nn em tin mt i th tt hn y. II/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-Th thng thng) + V A A N -Ng php: Dng phng on da trn nhng yu t khch quan, tnh hung hin ti, da vo kinh nghim, s hiu bit hoc t mt kt qu phn tch no .Thng c dng trn TV, Radio trong nhng bn tin d bo thi tit. -V d: + Ti nay c l s nhn thy sao. + Ngy mai c l tri s khng ma + Ti nay c l s lnh + Trng em nay c l s p. + Ngy mai c l c tuyt. III/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-Th thng thng) + V A A N -Ng php: Theo kin ch quan,ch s phn on c th xy ra mc d khng chc chn. V mc chnh xc ca thng tin th thp hn so vi (Mc chnh **************************************************************************** 11 3

**************************************************************************** xc ch xp x 50%) -V d: + C l anh y s ngh vic cng ty. + C l c y s khng n cng ty. + Ngy mai c th l s bn + Tun sau c th cng vic s bn rn + C l c y b m Bai 33 Th mnh lnh -Th cm on -Cch chia t th t in sang th mnh lnh. +Nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct V d: +Nhm II: B ri thm V d: +Nhm III: ~~ -Cch chia t th t in sang th cm on. Thm vo sau ng t th t in i vi tt c cc nhm I ,II v III. V d +Nhm I: +Nhm II: **************************************************************************** 11 4

**************************************************************************** +Nhm III: Ng php *Dng ra lnh hoc cm on ai lm vic g. V n l th mnh lnh,cm on nghe c sc thi cng v chua cht nn ch dng khi ngi c a v cao hn vi ngi c a v thp hn. Thng c gii hn s dng trong gii nam. -Dng trong trng hp ngi trn ni vi ngi di, cha ni vi con - n ngy mai phi tm tt xong bn bo co y - Hc bi i - Khng c xem tivi -Dng gia nhng ngi bn trai vi nhau - Ti nay n nh tao nh. - Khng ung bia na -Dng khi c v ( Trong trng hp ny th phi n cng c th s dng) - C ln - Chy i -Dng trong nhng trng hp khn cp, li ni cn ngn gn v c hiu qu nhanh nh trong c quan nh my. - Tt ngun in i - Khng c lm ri -Dng trong hiu lnh hng dn giao thng, - Hy dng li **************************************************************************** 11 5

**************************************************************************** - Khng c vo I/Cu trc+Ng php -Cu trc: A B -Ng php: A c ngha l B -V d: + Ci bin ny c ngha l hy dng li + Ci bin ny c ngha l khng c ht thuc II/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: A -Ng php: L cch truyn li dn gin tip " A ni rng l ~~~" -V d: +Quyen Quyen Quyn ni rng ngy mai s n vo lc 5h + Anh Nisimura ni rng s khng tham gia vo i hi th thao. Bai 34 I/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: +V (+ V2 +V (+ V2 +NV2 -Ng php: Dng khi a ra ch th i vi ngi nghe,mun ngi nghe lm theo mt chun mc hay mt quy tc no . +Khi hnh ng mu c thc hin th s dng cu trc: V1 V2 +V d: Hy bm phm trn my tnh,theo nh li ti ni lc ny Hy th nu n theo nh hc ca m i. +Khi hnh ng mu cha c thc hin, thng i km vi cc ph t nh th s dng cu trc: **************************************************************************** 11 6

**************************************************************************** +V (+ V2 +V d: T by gi hy vit theo nh li ti ni Hy lm theo nh ti lm. +Vi danh t th s dng cu trc: +NV2 +V d: Hy bm nt theo s. Hy i theo nh hnh mi tn II/Cu trc + Ng php Cu trc: V1 () V2 N V2 Ng php: Sau khi lm V1 hoc N th lm V2 +V d: Sau khi kt thc cng vic th i ung. Sau khi nghe gii thch th a ra cu hi. Sau khi chi th thao th i tm. Sau khi n cm th ung c ph. III/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V1(,V2 -Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng V1 -V d: (Ti) cm ri i ra ngoi (Ti) eo knh ri c sch IV/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: **************************************************************************** 11 7

**************************************************************************** V1(V2 -Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng khng lm V1 hay khng lm V1 m lm V2 -V d: Ngy ch nht ti khng i u ht m nh. Ti khng i cu thang my m i cu thang b.

Bai 35 A-Th iu kin_ I/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th iu kin (_ *Vi ng t nhm I:Chuyn t ct sang ct , b v thm vo. V d: + + + + + *Vi ng t nhm II: B v thay bng V d: + + *Vi ng t nhm III: II/Vi tnh t v danh t *Vi tnh t ui : Chuyn thnh V d: + + *Vi tnh t ui : B v thm V d: *Vi danh t: Ch vic thm V d: B-Ng php I/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V( **************************************************************************** 11 8

**************************************************************************** A ( N( -Ng php: Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch iu kin cn thit mt s vic c hnh thnh. -V d: + Nu m c sch gii thch , th s hiu cch s dng + Nu m bi kim tra thnh cng th (ti) c th vo i hc. + Nu m quyn sch ny r th ti mua + Nu m hm nay bn th hy n vo ngy mai + Nu m rnh th hy gip ti. + Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci + Nu m tri ma th ng git . II/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(V) A A A A -Ng php:Cng...., cng....., biu th cng lm ci g y th cng lm sao y -V d: + Cng s dng my tnh th cng gii + Cng mi th cng tin li. + Cng cay th cng ngon + **************************************************************************** 11 9

**************************************************************************** Thao tc cng n gin th cng d hiu + V m cng xinh th cng lo lng. Bai 36 I/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V1V2 V1 V2 -Ng php:Mu cu c ngha " lm c V1(hoc khng lm V1) th lm V2" V1 ch mc ch , V2 ch hnh ng c ch thc hin mc ch V1. V d: c th n c nhanh th gi ha tc. c th ni c ting Nht th phi luyn tp hng ngy khng b mun Sinkansen th nn ri khi nh nhanh khng b qun s in thoi th hy ghi li. II/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V -Ng php: l ng t c ngha l bin i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc.Mu cu "" c ngha l tr nn lm c ci g y. V d: Ti tr nn kh hiu ting Nht trn tivi Bng ting Nht ti c th ni c kin ca bn thn Ti c th g my tnh nhanh. III/Cu trc + Mu cu -Cu trc: V -Ng php: Mu cu ny mang ngha ngc vi mu cu II,ch s bin i t c th sang **************************************************************************** 12 0

**************************************************************************** khng th. V d: Ngy mai khng th i chi c Ti khng th c c ch nh Ti khng th tham gia c l kt hn. IV.Cu trc + Mu cu: -Cu trc: V V -Ng php: Mang ngha ai c gng thay i thi quen hoc hon cnh. C gng.... V d: D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng 10h v n nh D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng chi vi bn tr D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng ngh cu lc b th thao. D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng tng ca.

**************************************************************************** 12 1

**************************************************************************** Bi 37 - 06-24-2007, 01:26 PM Th b ng *Cch chia t th sang th b ng. Nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct ri cng thm V d: Nhm II: Thay bng V d: Nhm III: Vi ng t V d: *Ng php bi 37 vi th b ng: I/ Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: N1 N2N V(-th b ng) -Ng php: N1 b N2 hoc c N2 lm g . V d: - Ti c b trng khen - Ti c b trng nh lm vic - Ti b ai dm ln chn Ti b m vt truyn tranh. II Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: N1 N2 ( ng t th b ng) -Ng php:N2 c lm g ti a im N1 -V d **************************************************************************** 12 2

**************************************************************************** 3. Trin lm c din ra ti Osaka Hi ngh quc t c tin hnh ti Osaka 4. Vin m thut ny s b ph vo thng sau 200 200 Vin m thut ny c xy vo 200 nm trc 5. t ca Nht bn ang c xut khu i nhiu nc III/Cu trc+ Ng php -Cu trc: N1 N2 (ng t b ng) -Ng php:N1 c lm hay c sng ch bi N2 -V d Truyn truyn thuyt Genji c vit bi Murasaki sikibu in thoi c pht minh bi Graham.Bell. ***Vn ang trong thi gian chnh sa****

Bai 38 - 06-24-2007, 01:27 PM I/Cu trc + Ng php Cu trc: VA Ng php:Khi ng t th t in cng vi s bin thnh danh t hay cn gi l danh t ha ng t. Dng din t cm tng, nh gi i vi ch th ca cu vn v c tc dng nhn mnh vn mun ni. V d Mt ngi m vn chuyn ng hnh l ny l khng th. **************************************************************************** 12 3

**************************************************************************** Vic i do vo bui sng th cm gic rt thoi mi Vic tham gia vo i tnh nguyn vin rt l th v II/Cu trc + Ng php Cu trc:VA Ng php: Cng vi ngha ging I nhng khi ch ng l ti hoc mt i t nhn xng no khc th c thay bng V d Ti thch nghe nhc c in Ti v tranh th km Ti i b th nhanh Ti n th chm III/Cu trc + Ng php Cu trc;V / Ng php: Khi mun ni l bn qun mt lm mt vic g y hay hi ai c bit thng tin g y khng th chng ta dng tr t V d: Ti qun mt vic tt in Ti qun mt vic ung thuc Ti qun mt vic lin lc vi yamada Bn c bit vic anh Tanaka ngy mai xut vin khng? Bn c bit vic th su tun sau khng c gi (hc) khng? Bn c bit vic trc nh ga mi hon thnh mt khch sn to khng? **************************************************************************** 12 4

**************************************************************************** IV/Cu trc + Ng php +Cu trc: VN +Ng php:ng sau ng t th t in + cng c th l danh t N, Ni con gi ti sinh ra l mt thnh ph nh ti Hokkaido iu quan trng nht l sc khe ca gia nh.

Bai 40 - 06-24-2007, 01:29 PM I/Cu trc + Ng php (T hi) + V(-Th thng thng) + Khng bit l c nh th no hay khng? -V d; - Ti khng bit l khi no th cuc hp kt thc. - Hy ni cho ti bit l c bao nhiu lon bia. - Hy tm hiu xem trong hp c g hay khng? II/Cu trc + Ng php Khi khng c t hi th cu trc l :V(-Th thng thng) + -V d; - Hy kim tra xem l c b thng hay khng? - Hy xc nhn li xem l hng ha n hay cha? - Khng bit l cu chuyn y c tht hay khng? III/Cu trc + Ng php Cu trc; V ng t th + Ng php; Th lm mt hnh ng V V d; - i th i giy mi - **************************************************************************** 12 5

**************************************************************************** Th c gng thm mt ln na - Th gii thch bng ting Nht

Bai 41 - 06-24-2007, 01:30 PM cc bi trc cc bn c bit n biu hin cho v nhn l : bi ny cc bn s c bit thm Nhng biu hin ny c dng ty theo mi quan h ca ngi cho v ngi nhn I/Cu trc + Ng php vi A./A N Nhn t A vt N, y A c a v cao hn ngi ni. L khim nhng ng ca V d: - Ti nhn c qu t gim c. - Ci tem qu him gh ha Ti c nhn n t trng phng y. B./A V Ngha cng ging nh cu trc A nhng y khng phi l danh t m l ng t. Nhn t A mt hnh ng V. V d; - Ti c c gio dn i Tokyo - Ti c trng phng cho mn my quay phim - Ti c v ca gim c cho xem ngh thut cm hoa. II/Cu trc + Ng php vi A./ AN Mnh nhn c N t A y A c a v cao hn mnh, l khim nhng ng ca V d: - Ti c gim c tng qu - Chic khn tay p gh nh **************************************************************************** 12 6

**************************************************************************** ti nhn c n t c gio y ( y tuy khng c v c n i ) B./ AV Cng vi ngha ging nh cu trc A nhng l mnh nhn c hnh ng g y t ngi c a v cao hn mnh.C th n V d; - Ti c trng phng gi cho ti liu ca cuc hp - Ti c v ca gim c lm cho mn Tenpura III/Cu trc + Ng php vi A./AN Lm N cho A, y A c a v thp hn ngi ni. V d; - Ti cho con trai n ko - Ti cho con ch n B./A V Lm hnh ng g y cho A V d: - Ti cho con ch i do - Ti mua chi cho con gi ti.

Bai 42 - 06-24-2007, 01:31 PM gi, bc si luc trn ,pha ln tnh ton dy mng lut s nh son nhc bn tr con 2 ngi ,1 i gio dc lch s vn ho x hi **************************************************************************** 12 7

**************************************************************************** lut php chin tranh ho bnh mc ch an ton lut ,l thuyt mi quan h s pha trn m un nc ci nt chai ci m chai thc n ng hp o khoc ngoi bn tnh nhit k nguyn vt liu kim t thp d liu tp tin c gng ti sao lin hp quc th gi Elize beethoven phn lan NG PHP I> V , cho,v (1) N() mu cu ny c dng din t mt mc ch. ti dnh gim tin m mt ca hng ca ring mnh ti s thu mt ci xe cho vic chuyn nh v sc kho ca mnh,ti chy b mi sng. **************************************************************************** 12 8

**************************************************************************** ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh ch : bn hc bi 36 cng din tmt mc ch nhng khng s dng vi ng t th ch.vi mu cu 1 c th i cng ng tth ch. * ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*) II> V cho,dng , N Ci ko ny dng ct hoa Ci cp ny to tht ,thun tin i du lch Ti mt nhiu thi gian cho vic tm s in thoi III> s lng khi nhc n s lng,mo t ch s lng nh nht cn thit. Vd : nht bn,bn cn t nht 2 triu yn t chc m ci s lng Khi nhc n s lng,mo t din t suy ngh ca ngi ni cho rng s lng c ni n l nhiu Vd bn c cn ti 30 triu yn xy mt ngi nh khng? PS: bi ny hng phi do mnh son u,ca mt bn no mnh ko nh , lc trc post ln ri nhng ai xoa mt tiu, thy cc bn yu cu nn mnh post li cho cc bn tham kho. ng hiu lm mnh l ngi soan m ti cho tc gi nha bn! Bai 43 - 06-24-2007, 01:36 PM **************************************************************************** 12 9

**************************************************************************** I/Mu cu biu hin trng thi , suy on ca ngi ni v mt s vic trong tng lai hay v trng thi hin ti ca ai , ca ci g . Cu trc: ng t b Tnh t ui b + Tnh t ui b + -V d Tri c v sp ma by gi. c v sp ri t trn gi xung. Mn n ny c v ngon. RI c v ang rnh. Ngy mai (thi tit) c v tr nn nng. C ta c v thng minh. II/Mu cu lm g ri quay tr li Cu trc: V V d: i ht thuc mt cht ri quay v i gi in mt cht ri quay v Ti i xem gi xe bus ri quay li nn hy ch y nh. Ti a xe t vo bi u xe ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.

Bai 44 - 06-24-2007, 01:33 PM I/Cu trc+Ng php -Cu trc +V(- +A (-) + +A (+ -Lm g y qu mc hay mt tnh trng qu mc: -V d: **************************************************************************** 13 0

**************************************************************************** Ti ung qu nhiu ru Ti n qu nhiu tht Ci vn ny qu kh Cn phng ny qu hp Phng php ny qu phc tp II/ Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc: V(-) + D lm 1 ci g -V d: Ci thuc ny d ung Ci ko ny d s dng Vo ngy c tuyt th ng tr nn d b trt ng. III/Cu trc + Ng php -Cu trc; V(-) + Kh lm c mt vic g y -V d; tokyo th kh sng i dy ny kh i Con ng ny hp nn kh li xe ******************************************