Ruandha Agung Sugardiman Ministry of Forestry

Session 4: “JAXA session: Estimation of forest biomass through satellite observation”,

International Conference on Sustainability Science in Asia 2012 (ICSS-Asia 2012) Wantilan Convention Center, Sanur Beach Hotel, Bali, Indonesia

January 11-13, 2012

Introduction Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emission

Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable (MRV)

National Forest Inventory (NFI) Forest Resources Monitoring (FRM)

Permanent/Temporary Sample Plots (PSP/TSP)

Land Cover Mapping and Calculation

Biomass (Carbon) observation Dynamic

Mapping

Conclusion and Recommendation

GLOBAL WARMINGCLIMATE CHANGE is reality, happening and part of our life!

GHG EMISSION Energy Non Energy •LUCF and

peat fire

REDD+

reduce emissions from deforestation, reduce emissions from forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.

Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable

Consistency Completeness Comparability Transparency Accuracy

System Specifications

System elements

IPCC elements

Context Emission and removals from forests IPCC basic method

Activity Data land representation

Satellite Land Monitoring system

Operational wall-to-wall system based on satellite remote sensing data, with a sampling approach to assess historical deforestation and degradation rate (FAO-FRA).

Emission Factors carbon stock changes

National Forest Inventory

NFI based on continuous sampling system. Data on carbon stock for all forest carbon pools for the main forest types at IPCC Tier2 and Tier3 reporting requirements.

GHGs emission and removals

National GHGs Inventory

National inventory for the LULUCF sector developed following the reporting requirements of the Annex-I Parties under UNFCCC.

X =

“Use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon inventory approaches for estimating, as appropriate, anthropogenic forest-related greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes”

Following Good practices and Guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

= X CO 2

equivalent

ACTIVITY DATA

EMISSION FACTOR

EMISSION ESTIMATE

LULUCF: Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

EMISSION FACTOR National Forest Inventory

ACTIVITY DATA Satellite Land Representation

System

2005

x

M

V UNFCCC Secretariat Roster of Experts

REDD+ GHG Inventory

LULUCF Inventory

Inventory compilation

QA/QC

Emission Inventory Database

UNFCCC

=

R

UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

1990

2000

2010

INPUT: PETA SPASIAL + DATA ATRIBUT

- ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARY - LAND COVER - CONCESSION AREA - GRID TSP/PSP

OUTPUT: - THEMATIC MAP - FOREST RESOURCES INFORMATION - RESULT OF ANALYSIS

GGIISS

DDIIAASS FFDDSS

AUXILIARY DATA

LAND USE AND LAND COVER

STAND VOLUME & STRATIFICATION

DATA FOR TESTING

OUTPUT : - HARD COPY

IMAGES - MOSAIC IMAGES

INPUT : - REMOTE SENSING (DIGITAL) - DATA FOR TESTING

INPUT : - MASTER FILE FIELD DATA

OUTPUT : - FOREST

RESOURCES STATISTIC

LIST OF CLUSTER + STRATA

Processing Software

PSP/TSP Data

Forest Resources Monitoring (FRM): Land cover change:

• Landsat 5, Landsat 7 ETM+ (1990, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009)

Field Data System (FDS):

Permanent and Temporary Sample Plots (PSP/TSP) • 1990-1996 ( 2.735 cluster plots) • 1996-2000 ( 1.145 cluster plots) • 2000-2006 ( 485 cluster plots) • 2006-2011 (>3.000 cluster plots) Redesign NFI

San Francisco Washington D.C.

Sabang

Merauke.

Ireland Turkey

Forest land area 72%

Other Land Use

28%

Indonesia 187.784.651 ha

Other Land Uses 53.509.083 ha

Forestland Area 134.275.568 ha

No FORESTLAND FUNCTION AREA

1 Conservation Forest*) 24.390.604,57 Ha

2 Hunting Forest 167.632,70 Ha

3 Protection Forest 32.006.316,02 Ha

4 Limited Production Forest 22.786.697,26 Ha

5 Production Forest 33.947.736,43 Ha

6 Convertible Production Forest 20.976.581,00 Ha

Total Forestland*) 134.275.567,98 Ha *) Included Marine Conservation area

(July 2011)

PATH/ROW LANDSAT DATA

Remark: Landsat 7 ETM+ coverage for the whole Indonesia (217 scene)

SNI 7645-2010 Klasifikasi penutup lahan

NO. MOF LAND COVER CLASS 1 PRIMARY DRYLAND FOREST

2 SECONDARY DRYLAND FOREST

3 PRIMARY SWAMP FOREST

4 SECONDARY SWAMP FOREST

5 PRIMARY MANGROVE FOREST

6 SECONDARY MANGROVE FOREST

7 PLANTATION FOREST

8 DRYLAND AGRICULTURE

9 SHRUB-MIXED DRYLAND FARM

10 TRANSMIGRATION AREA

11 RICE FIELD

12 ESTATE CROPPLANTATION

13 GRASSLAND

14 BUSH/SHRUB

15 SWAMP

16 SWAMP SHRUB

17 SETTLEMENT AREA

18 BARREN LAND

19 FISH POND

20 AIRPORT

21 MINING AREA

22 WATER

23 CLOUD COVERED

No. IPCC Class

1 Forestland

2 Cropland

3 Grassland

4 Wetland

5 Settlement

6 Other Land

IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

LAND COVER FOREST AREA

NON-FOREST AREA

TOTAL

Area (ha) % Area (ha) % Area (ha) %

FORESTED

91,132

(Primer=41,954, LOA=49,179)

48% 7,465 4% 100,740 52%

NON FORESTED 42,381 23% 46,692 25% 87,047 48%

TOTAL 133,514 71% 54,157 29% 187,787 100%

Unit: million hectare

Source: Satellite Images of Landsat 7 ETM+ year 2009/2010 (217 scenes) Interpretation on 2009/2010, Published on 2011

Cluster Plot (PSP/TSP) Distribution in Grid 20 X 20 km

2001

1998

2003

2000

1997

1996

1999

2005

1992 1998 123 Ton C 133 Ton C

Forest Mean of AGB

(ton/Ha)

Mean of Carbon

AGB (ton/Ha)

Mean of CO2e

(ton/Ha)

Primer (p) 390,7 195,4 716,9

Sekunder (s) 339,2 169,6 622,4

KSA/ Conservation Forest 434,2 217,1 796,7

KSAp 456,9 228,5 838,5

KSAs 388,7 194,3 713,2

HL/ Protection Forest 378,1 189,0 693,7

HLp 407,5 203,8 747,8

HLs 355,3 177,7 652,0

HPK/ Converted Production Forest 331,7 165,8 608,6

HPKp 332,7 166,4 610,6

HPKs 316,4 158,2 580,6

HP/ Production Forest 312,1 156,1 572,7

HPp 367,7 183,9 674,8

HPs 323,1 161,5 592,8

HPT/ Limited Production Forest 371,2 185,6 681,1

HPTp 394,7 197,4 724,3

HPTs 366,5 183,3 672,6

APL/ Non Forest Area 271,9 136,0 499,0

APLp 293,1 146,6 537,9

APLs 271,8 135,9 498,8

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Forest

definition

Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning, Ministry of Forestry

Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning, MoF and ICRAF

Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning, MoF and ICRAF

Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning, MoF and ICRAF

Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning, MoF and ICRAF

Source: Land Cover Map 2009/2010

HF/LD HF/HD

LF/HD

LF/LD

Note:

Low - High Forest - Deforestation

Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning, MoF and ICRAF

Ensuring the sustainability of satellite remote sensing data;

Monitoring system interoperability; (e.g. LowMedHigh resolution; OpticalRadar)

Ground measurement is still needed to get high accurate biomass estimation; (e.g. develop allometric equation)

Biomass dynamic is very local specific; (e.g. determination of sample plot(s) is important)

Consistency of monitoring system.

International Conference on Sustainability Science in Asia 2012 (ICSS-Asia 2012)

Wantilan Convention Center, Sanur Beach Hotel, Bali, Indonesia January 11-13, 2012

Ruandha Agung Sugardiman