Metode de Cercetare Eng
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Transcript of Metode de Cercetare Eng
Methods used inCytology, Embryology and
HistologyStudy of live tissueStudy of dead tissue (fixated)
CytologyFormulation of the cell theory
In vivo study of live tissue
In vitro study of live tissue
Vital and extravital staining of tissue
The study of dead (fixated) cells and tissue
Types of histological slides1) Smear2) Film3) Print4) Histologic section
Steps of tissue preparations•Acquisition of biological sample and fixation•Embedding•Cutting of sections•Staining•Mounting
Light microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy
Polarizingmicroscopy
UV microscopy
Fluorescent microscopy
Autoradiography Historadiography
Cyto- and histochemical methods
Immunohistochemistry
Electron microscopyTransmission EM
Transmission EM
Scanning EM
Scanning EM
Cell theory – classical formulation(Mathias Schleiden şi Theodor Schwann [1839])
1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and a building block in the construction of organisms
3. All cells come from preexisting cells [omnis cellula e cellula] (Rudolph Virchow)
4. All cells of an animal or vegetal body come from the fertilized egg (Karl Baer)
Cell theory – modern interpretation1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and
function in all living things2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition
3. All cells come from preexisting cells by division
4. Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cellular division
5. All known living things are made up of cells
6. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells