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B O O K S

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d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm n]vsM s[kf tfdfª k|yd ;+:s/0f !))) k|lt, kf}if @)^( ;jf{lwsf/ n]vsdf ;'/lÔt ljt/s jrg a'S;, ;ftbf]af6f], nlntk'/ ;Dks{ g+= (*%!!!)$!& d"No M @%÷– Publisher

Creation Printing & Publishing Pvt . Ltd .

Post Box No: 13841, Kathmandu, Nepal

E-mail: [email protected]

Printed at FIFO Press Support

Galkopakha, Thamel

mailto:[email protected]

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k|fy{gf, ;+ult,afOan cWoog x'g'k5{ xfdL eG5f} e]6, uf]i7L / a}7sdf g} Ao:t lsg xfdL x'G5f} Jo:ttfsf] gfpdf k|e'sf] ;do n'6\b}5f} lsg < o;} aif{ klg ToxL+ sfd bf]xf]l/b}5 lsg < -k[ys xf];\_ k[ys, leGg / df}lns, l;h{gfeGg]

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hfoh 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;fy{stfnfO{ d kf7sx¿sf] kf]N6f]df /flvlbg rfxG5' . x'g ;S5 of] leq s]lx uhn, s]lx uLt klg e]6fpg ;Sg'x'G5 ls olb sf]lx ;+uLt k|]dLx¿n] k|9\b}x'g'x'G5 eg], d kf7sx¿af6 k|ltlj|mofsf] cfzf u5{' . tfls d]/f] sdL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ yfxf kfP/ ce}m l;Sg] / a9\g] df}sf kfpg]5' .

cGtdf sljtf k|sfzg ug{ xf};nf lbg'x'g] u'8 Go"h Pkm=Pd sf ;+rfns >L s'df/ la:6, zAb ;RofO{ lbg'x'g] åo >L lbg]z >]i7 / >L nf]sgfy -e"ldsf n]lvlbg'x'g]_ dg]g ;fy} sljtf jfrg ;'g]/ ;w} xf};nf lbg] jfO{ 8An' P od kl/jf/ sf7df8f}Fsf d]/f ;fyLx¿ / z'elrGtsx¿ clg cfly{s ¿kdf ;xoftfug{'x'g] d]/f kl/jf/ / ;fyLx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbg' Gofo ;+ut 7fg]sL 5' .

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slt ;'Gb/ 5g\ ltd|f tL cf]+7 ;';dfrf/sf] nflu slxn] gyfSg] slt c;n 5g\ ltd|f tL xft d+unsfo{ ug{ slxn] guNg]

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z'esfdgf z'esfdgf 5 g]kfnL d08nL Û d+un sfdgf–d+un sfdgf 5 g]kfnL d08nL Û v|Li6 hGdf]T;jsf] z'e sfdgf ltdLnfO{ Û gofF aif{sf] d+un sfdgf ltdLnfO{ Û

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sdhf]/nfO{ cfF6 lbG5f} ltdL yfs]sfnfO{ ;fy aGwgx¿ l5gL lbG5f} qmGbgx¿ zfGt u5f}{ .

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/+ud+rsf] lgwf{ gf6\o sdL{ em}F, ltd|f] lgb]{zg cs}{ sf]xLåf/f x'G5 clglZrt ofqfsf] ofqL em}F, uGtJosf] lgwf{/0f cs}{ sf]xLåf/f x'G5 . xfo Û d ¿Fb5', c>' wf/f aufpFb5', x[bo b'v]sf], 5ftL rs]{sf] 5, ltd|f] rf]6df clgbf]+ ag]sf] 5', ltd|f] kL/df 56k6]sf] 5', ltd|f] lrRofx6 emg\ rs]{sf] 5, ltd|f] b'xfOn] ;a} 7fpF / ufpF ys]{sf] 5, a¿ gf6\o sdL{ x'g 5f]l8b]pm a¿ cfˆg} syf / snfsf] k|:t'lt b]vfpm cfˆg} dw'/ ;+uLt, cfk\mg} tfn ahfpm cfˆg} ;'/df cfk\mg} gfFr b]vfpm, tL ;a} k|]d / ;Totfdf pe]/ b]vfpm ldnfk / Pstfdf a;]/ b]vfpm zflGt / cfgGbdf 86]/ b]vfpm cflTdotf, eft[Tjdf k;]/ b]vfpm v'zL, /dfx6df hd]/ b]vfpm h] u5f}{ ;a v|Li6 k|]ddf /x]/ b]vfpm . rf/}lt/ x]bf{ d b]Vb5' ltd|f] lz/sf] 6f]kL, bf}/f / ;'¿jfn vf]:g vf]Hb}5g\ . ltd|f] kml/of / rf}aGbL n'5\g vf]Hb}5g\ .

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ca ltdL hfu, ;hutf ckgfpm, v'a} ;fx;L / alnof xf]pm . cGwsf/sf sfd 5f8L Hof]ltdf cfpm c1fg TofuL 1fgdf cfpm d[tzj aGgcl3 hLjgbftf k5\ofpm xfo Û d]/f] b]z g]kfn cfk\mgf] cl:tTj arfpm cfkm\gf] klxrfg hf]ufpm .

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Tof] ltdL g} xf} of] b]zn] c;n JolQm dflu/x]5 Pshgf gd| JolQm dflu/x]5 Pshgf a'l4dfgL JolQm dflu/x]5 Pshgf lg:jfy{ JolQm dflu/x]5 Pshgf dxfg JolQm dflu/x]5 ;fob, Tof] afudtLdf kmf]xf]/sf] cfxfn hd]/ x'g;S5 sf7df8f}sf] ;8s–;8sdf kmf]xf]/sf] 8Ëu'/ kmfn]/ x'g;S5 6«flkms hfd, clgolGqt ;jf/L ;fwg / zx/Ls/0fsf] sf/0f x'g;S5 lbg lbg sf] dx+uL / sfnf] ahf/Lsf] sf/0f x'g ;S5 x/]s af6f]sf] rf}s'gfdf e]l6g] c:t Jo:ttf / bf]wf/ sf] hLjgsf] sf/0f x'g ;S5 x/]s 8fF8f / cUnf 7Ffpx¿df aufOPsf] caf]w /utsf] sf/0f x'g;S5 ;a}lt/ JofKt ul/aL / k5f}6]kgsf] sf/0f x'g;S5 ;8s b]vL ;bg;Dd ePsf] n'5fn'5 / lvrftfgLsf] sf/0f x'g;S5 k"j{b]vL klZrd;Dd sf] cg]stf / ljs6tfsf] sf/0f x'g;S5 pQ/b]lv blIf0f ;Ddsf] e]befj / 3d08sf] sf/0f x'g;S5 h'g;'s} sf/0f h'g;'s} 7fpF klg x'g;S5

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d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 18 ~

rf]/ xf]Og, 8fFsf xf]Og, 3';vf]/ xf]Og, gtf 3';vf]/ ei6rf/L xf]Og sk6L xf]Og, :jfyL{ / gftfjfbL xf]Og t/ ltdLh:t} sf]xL ;To / ;TojfbL . wf]s]jfh xf]Og, jrga4 d'bf{ xf]Og, lhpFbf] JolQm rflxPsf] 5 . Tof] ltdL g} xf}, Tof] ltdL g} xf} b]znfO{ cfh ltdL rflxPsf] 5 c¿ sf]xL xf]Og, ltdL . dfq ltdL rflxPsf] 5 .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 19 ~

af]Ng'k5{

af]Ng'k5{ ltdL ca aGb cfjfh vf]Ng'k5{ ;TotYo eGg'k5{ c1fgtfsf 3'D6fx¿ tf]8\g'k5{ hLjg d/0fsf syfx¿ clg cg'e"ltx¿ atfpg'k5{ v|Li6sf] cufk] k|]dsf ;Gb]z ;anfO{ ;'gfpg'k5{

cFWof/f]df ul/Psf e"nx¿ Hof]ltdf cfP/ atfpg'k5{ jf:tljs Oltxf;sf kfgfx¿ ;fIfLsf] lglDt kN6fpg'k5{ crDd k|]dsf /x:ox¿ a}/fuLx¿sf lglDt atfpg' k5{ lhGbuLsf 3'DtLx¿ hLjg kl/at{gsf lglDt atfpg' k5{

ltdL ;fFRr} ca af]Ng' k5{ ;Tosf] kbf{kmf; ug{'k5{ zflGt k|]dL b]zaf6, :jtGqtfsf] b]zaf6 ;w} af]Ng'k5{ ;u/dfyfsf] b]zaf6, ljZjsf] pRr :yfgaf6 af]Ng'k5{ ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ ;f/f dfgj hfltnfO{ v|Li6 lrgfpg'k5{

af]Ng'k5{ ltdL ca xfjf k'Ug] 7fpFx¿df lgZro k'Ug'k5{ WjgL u'~hg] cgsG6f/ u'kmfx¿df klg u'l~hg'k5{ 3fd gnfUg] s'gf sfKrfx¿df ltdLn]] Hof]lt nUg'k5{ kfgL l5g]{ ;a} s0f–s0fx¿df ltdL la:tf/} aUg'k5{ .

cfbdL :jefjx¿nfO{ v|Li6sf] :jefjdf abNg'k5{ anf}6] au/sf x[boleqsf pa{/ sgfg vf]bNg'k5{ lbg 5b} ;a} sfdx¿ k"/f ul/sg l;Wofpg'k5{ kl/jf/, ;dfh, b]z / hghgsf] enf] lrtfpg'k5{ .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 20 ~

v|Li6df lhTb} hfpm x] v|Li6 o]z"sf ;]gf xf] ;f/f xftxltof/ lnO{ ;';lHht xf]pm x] /0f e"lddf plqPsf ;]gf xf] ;Fw} tof/L / hfuf /xf]

ljZjf;sf] 9fn p7fP/ cl3–cl3 a9\b} hfcf] cfTdfsf] zlQmzfnL t/jf/ rnfP/ ;f/f ljgfzsf] zlQmnfO{ gi6 kfb}{ hfcf]

o]z"sf] /utsf] zlQm lnP/ cGwsf/sf] sfnf] kbf{ Rofltb]pm o]z"sf] af}/L p7]sf] zlQm af]s]/ dflg;x¿sf] x[bodf Hof]lt 5l/b]pm

af6f] ;To / hLjg o]z" g} x'g\ eg]/ cfh} 3f]if0ff ul/b]pm lgGb|fdf ;'t]sf cfTdfx¿nfO{ lapemfP/ p7fOlbg] sfd ul/b]pm

cGwljZjf;sf x/]s kvf{nnfO{ ljZjf; / k|fy{gfsf] zlQmn] eTsfOb]pm

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 21 ~

k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhsf h/fx¿nfO{ y't]/ vfN8f]df ldNsfOb]pm

x7L / s7f]/ dgx¿ tf]8]/ o]z"sf] cb\e't k|]d b]vfOb]pm cljZjf;sf] kvf{nx¿ eTsfP/ k/d]Zj/sf] ljZjf; of]Uotf b]vfOb]pm

v|Li6 o]z"sf x] alnof ;]gfx¿ xf] Û v|Li6sf] laho k5\ofO{ ;+;f/ lhltb]pm dl//x]sf x/]s cfTdfnfO{ pxfFd} arfpg] sfd ul/b]pm

cl3 a9, a9\b} hfcf] k5f8L slxn] klg gxl6b]pm v|Li6df cfTdf lhTb} hfcf] yfs]+ egL cgGt Ogfd gu'dfOb]pm

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 22 ~

o]z"df cgGt hLjg 5 ;+;f/ Pp6f d]nf h:t} 5 lvr8Lsf] ld>0f h:t} 5 y/L, y/Lsf JolQm / a:tLn] e/]sf] 5 .

sf]xL e'md|f emfld|df sf]xL bfdL dxFuf] a:qdf st} e'mk|f a:tLx¿ uug r'Dg] dxnsf d:tLx¿

s;};+u lu6Lsf] /f;/f; st} k};fk};fsf] wg/f; sf]xL ;Tosf] vf]hLdf sxL+ ;Qf klg uf]hLuf]hLdf

sf]xL Gofosf] vf]hLdf t sf]xL cGofosf] vf8ndf sf]xL gfdL aGb} jif{jif{df t sf]xL 5fs 6fg]{ ;+3if{df

o:t} 5 ;fyL, xfd|f] b'lgoFfsf] ;w}sf] xfn, a]xfn

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 23 ~

t/ o]z"df 5 ltdLnfO{ lk|o cgGt hLjgsf] bfg, cg'bfg

rfvL x]/g cfh g} ;fyL pgsf] k|]d slt ld7f], c;Lldt 5 < ;'F3L x]/g cfh g} ;fyL pgsf] af:gf slt ;'ulGwt 5 <

5f]O{ x]/g cfh g} ;fyL pgsf] :kz{ slt Gofgf] 5 < 8'aL x]/g cfh g} ;fyL pgLleq slt ljzfn k|]d 5<

;'g w'ksf] ;6\6fdf ;w}nfO{ x[bo pgnfO{ lbO{ x]/g Ifl0fs cfgGbsf] ;6\6fdf cGgt hLjg lnO{ x]/g

pgLeGbf dxfg c¿ sf]xL e]6] pgnfO{ Tofu] x'G5 kfkLnfO{ k|]d ug]{ c¿ ge]]6] pgnfO{ ;dft] x'G5 .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 24 ~

o]z" ¿g' x'G5 /] cljZj;df a:of} eg] o]z" km]l/ ¿g' x'G5 /] c1fgtfdf e'Nof} eg] o]z" km]l/ b'vL x'g'x'G5 /]

of] s:tf] k|]d pgsf] ;fFrf]–;fFrf] hfGg ;s"F of] s:tf] b]g pgsf] tfhfkgfd} a'‰g ;s"F

;d'Gb| em}F ljzfn eP ToxL+ ulx/fOleq k'UgkfpmF cfsfz em}F cgGt eP ;w}+ cgGt;Dd} /DgkfpmF

pxfFsf] Jofs'n x[bodf cfh} cfgGb Nofpg ;s"F pxfFsf] b'lvt x[bodf cfh} v'zL Nofpg ;s"F

ljrf/df xf]Og ljZjf;df cfh} pxfF;Fu} lhpg ;s"F lg/fzfdf xf]Og cfzfdf km]l/ hLjg lhpg ;s"F

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 25 ~

o]z"nfO{ l/´fcf}+ Joy{ 5g\ ;a} o]z" ljgfsf lt sfd s'/fx¿ cgy{ 5g\ o]z" ljgfsf lt 1fg ;demx¿

u/f} x} ldnL o]z"sf] ;]jf pgsf] OR5f /fvL Wofg ehf} x} ;+u} o]z"sf] gfd pgsf] zlQm, dlxdf ufg

hfcf}+ g xfdL ;a} cfh o]z"sf] ;fy–;fy d} lx8f}+ g xfdL ;a}hgf o]z"sf] kfOnf–kfOnfd}

5}gf}+ x} sf]xL cfk\mgf], sf]xL lj/fgf k/fO{ o]z" v|Li6df xfdL ;a}hgf Ps} ;Gtfg eO{

xft] dfnf] u/]/ xfdL pgsf] ;]jf u/f}+ g x} n8\bf sf]xL em§} p7fO{ ;+u–;+u} lx8f}+ g x}

e]b, efj, :jfy{ TofuL o]z'sf] ;]jf u/f}+ g x} dfof, k|]d, pT;fx a9fO{ o]z"nfO{ l/emfcf}+ g x}

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 26 ~

ljZjf;Lsf] sfd ;a} hflt, wd{n] ;'Gg}} kg]{, hfGg} kg]{ o]z' gfd d'lQm pbf/sf] af6f] 8f]¥ofpg] ljZjf;Lsf] sfd .

r]nf aGg], agfpg] k|e' o]z'sf] dxfg arg cNe]m/ a:g] a]nf of] slt klg xf] geg .

k|]d af]sL k|]d afF8\g hfg'k5{ ca t rf/}lt/ hLjg kfO{ ;dfO{ sg a:g] dfq xf]Og x]/ .

cfFz' cfP cfFz' ;+u} k|]d b]vfpg ug{'x'Gg kl5 xfF;f] km'6] v'zLsf] va/ eGg ;g{' x'Gg kl5 .

ztfAbLn] x]/ ztfAbLnfO{ pgsf] ;fIfL lbPsf5g\ ;To, l;4, O{Zj/ elg x]/ pgnfO{ k'h]sf5g\ .

;anfO{ o]z' lrgfpg] ljZjf;Lsf] 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L kfpg]5g\ ltg}n] 7"nf] Ogfd hf] x'G5g\ cf1fsf/L .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 27 ~

pgsf] alnbfg d}g e}Fm hNg'ef] o]z" dnfO{ hLjg bfg lbg lzt e}Fm laNg'ef] o]z" dnfO{ d'lQmbfg lbg

y"df e}Fm aln x'g'ef] o]z" dnfO{ zflGtbfg lbg /Qm wf/f aufpg'ef] ;f/f kfksf Hofnf ltg{

sfF8fsf] d's'6 klxl/g'ef] cgGt d's'6 dnfO{ lbg sf]/fsf] rf]6 vfg'ef] d]/f rf]6x¿ lgsf kfg{

gd| eGbf klg gd| aGg'ef] d]/f] 3d08 x6fpg, cNuf] j[If e}Fm e'mSg'ef] pgL d]/f] w"t{kg x6fpg

d[To';Dd} cf1fsf/L x'g'ef] dnfO{ p4f/sf] af6f] lxF8fpg lrxfgaf6 af}/L p7\g'ef] dnfO{ lahosf] kfOnf lxF8fpg .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 28 ~

ce}m lrGg rfxG5' hlt lrg] ltdLnfO{ o]z' cem w]]/]]} lrGg rfxG5' hlt dfof kfPF ltd|f] k|e' cem w]/} kfpg rfxG5'

sfF8f;/L hLjg d]/f ca km"n ePF ltd|} sf/0f ljif;/L lttf] dg oxfF cd[t eP ltd|} sf/0f

gofF eP hLjg ;f/f ddf ltdL cfPkl5 k'/fgf] hLjg cGt} efu] gofF hLjg kfPkl5

nfglbGg hLjg of] ca sf]xL s;}nfO{ klg ;'/lIft /fV5' of] hLjg ;bf d ltd|} x'F egL

ltdL h:t} ;'Gb/ k|e' slxn] sxL+ e]l6Gg gfd ltd|f] ca x[boaf6 slxn] klg d]l6Gg .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 29 ~

q"m;sf] b'Mv sltklg ;lhnf] lyPg Tof] j|m';sf] ux|f} ef/L p7fpg' v]nfFrL klg lyPg Tof] dxfg af]nfj6nfO{ k5\ofpg' .

v|Li6 cf1fsf/L aGg'ef] t/} klg lktf k/d]Zj/k|lt k|e' OdfGbf/, gd| aGg'ef] t/} klg kfkLx¿sf] nflu .

b'Mv ;a} cfkm} af]s]/ ;'v hlt c¿nfO{ lbg'ef] cfkm}nfO{ hnfO{sg klg Hof]lt c¿nfO{ lbg'ef] .

rf]6 ;a} cfkm} ;x]/ zflGt c¿nfO{ lbg'ef] cfkm}nfO{ l/TofO{ klg hLjg c¿df eg'{ef] .

lknfpg hLjgsf] kfgL Kof; cfˆgf] /f]lslbg'ef] kfkLsf kfk ;a} j|m';df r'k rfk af]lslbg'ef] .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 30 ~

jL/tf b]vfpg cem} af“sL 5 ag]sf lyof} ljZjdf gd'gf xfdL o'4 lhtL jL/ g]kfnL /d]sf lyof} cGwsf/leq cfkm} Hof]lt slxn] gb]vL . ys{fPsf lyof} ljZjnfO{ 9'+uf, d'9f / v's'/L rnfP/ kms{fPsf lyof} ;To cfk\mg} e'm6f zlQmx¿ k5\ofP/ . ge'mSg] slxn] xfdL gp7\g] dfly hlxn] jL/ g]kfnL b/afg, sfG5f–sfG5L eof} xfdL plxn] jL/ g]kfnL . ;Tosf] jrg cfof], ca tf ;Ton] g} lhTof] k|]d, bof, hLjg jiof]{, x]/, ;'vf d¿ g} leHof] . :jtGq, cfgGb, v'zL / zflGt e]n em}F pnL{ cfof] htf–htf pNof]{, aUof]– Tot} crDd syf sf]l/lbof] . k|Voft cem} ag] km]/L, sd{7, ;xof]uL, g]kfnL hflt bIf, lgk'0f algsg k'Uof] s'gf–s'gf prfnL 5ftL . jL/sf] ;Gtfg xf}, ;Tosf] jL/tf b]vfpg ce}m afFsL 5 aGwg tf]8L b'i6sf] 5'6sf/f 3f]if0ff ug{ ce}m afFsL 5 .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 31 ~

pgsf] k|]d kfp“bf v';Lsf] ¿jfO lbof}, d]/f b'Mv ltdLn] lnP/ cfgGbsf] cfF;' emf/]+ d}n] ltd|f] pkl:ylt kfP/ .

:jtGq cg'ej u/]+ d}n] ltd|f] dfof kfpFbf ;'/lIft 7fg] cfkm"nfO{ ltd|f] cg'u|x kfpFbf .

afwf / la3\g ;a xl6uP ltd|f] Hof]lt kfpFbf cfz+sf / eox¿ lalnP ltd|f] 5'jfO kfpFbf .

cfkm"nfO{ anjfg 7fg] hab]lv ltd|f] zlQm kfPF hf]z / hfFu/ a9]/ cfof] ha ltdLnfO{ dleq kfPF .

c6n bz{g b]Vg yfn] ltd|f] dlxdf ;Fw} ug{nfO{ cbDo ;fx; a6'Ng yfn] ltd|f] ;fIfL lbgnfO{ .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 32 ~

v|Li6nfO{ prfN5g\\ eg] t/+lugb]pm ltd|f x[bosf t/+ux¿ olb ltgn] o]z"nfO{ prfN5g\\ eg] axlsgb]pm ltd|f x[bosf efjgfx¿ olb v|Li6sf] ;Totfdf axG5g\ eg]

dg{ gb]pm x} ltdL;+u ePsf k|ltefsf d'gfx¿nfO{ emg{ gb]pm x} ltdLleq ePsf eljiosf km;nx¿nfO{

dnhn klg ul//fv x} lbg lbgsf ;dox¿df ¿v agL kmn lbg]5g\ cfpg] ;'Gb/ lbgx¿df

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 33 ~

pkxf/ pkxf/ of] ltd|f] lglDt, d]/f] lglDt xfdL ;a}sf] lglDt o]z' v|Li6 o]z'sf] hLjg pkxf/ ;f/f dfgj hfltx¿sf lglDt

sGof dl/odaf6 a]yn]x]ddf cfh v|Li6o]z' hlGdg' ef] k/d]Zj/ lktfsf] OR5f k'/f ug{ wtL{df cfh pxfF cf]ln{g'ef]

b]lvG5 ;+;f/df cwdL{x¿nfO{ pkxf/–pkxf/ cf]Ol/Psf] lgd'vf czQm ul/ax¿nfO{ pkxf/}–pkxf; y'kfl/Psf]

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 34 ~

w]/} rf]6L arfof} xhf/f} rf]l6 d d/]sf] lyPF xhf/f} rf]l6 g} arfof} ltdLn] sof} rf]l6 d lu/]sf] lyPF Tolt g} rf]l6 p7fof} ltdLn]

/+uLla/+uL OGb|]0fLx¿nfO{ x]bf{ ltd|f] ;fd'g]af6 d lug{ k'u]5' cfkmgf] z/L/nfO{ k|]d ub{f ltdLaf6 d lgs} 6f9f eP5'

ltd|f] jrgnfO{ k|]d gubf{ :jfyL{ kfkL d eP5' ;a} yf]sx¿ kfpg vf]Hbf vfnL–vfnL d eP5'

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 35 ~

ct'ngLo 5\of} ltdL ltd|f] k|]dnfO{ s] ;+u t'ngf u¿F< t'ngfof]Uo s]lx e]l6g d}n] ltd|f] dxfgtfnfO{ s;/L a0f{g u¿F< a0f{g ug]{ zAb e]l6g d}n]

;f/f kfksf af]emx¿nfO{ klg ltd|f] k|]dn] d]6fO{lbof} ;bfnfO{ x[bosf x/ cz'4tfnfO{ klg ltd|f] /utn] wf]Olbof} ;bfnfO{

lhGbuLsf xf/]sf If0fx¿nfO{ klg ltdLn] ;bfnfO{ lhtdf ptfl/lbof} lhGbuLsf c;kmn knx¿nfO{ klg ltdLn] ;kmntfdf kl/jt{g ul/lbof}

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 36 ~

pg}df /xg' k|e'df ;w} cfglGbt x'g' x} b'Mv si6 ef]Ug' k/]tf klg k|e'df ;w} v'zL x'g' x} cfFz' emfg{' k/]tf klg

k|e'df ;w} alnof] x'g' x} z/L/df sdhf]/ ePtf klg k|e'df ;w} lglZkmj|mL x'g' x} cefj ;d:of cfPtf klg

k|e'sf] OR5fnfO{ k'/f ug{' x} 8fF8fsfF8f eO a;]tf klg z}tfgsf] h/fx¿ pv]lnlbg' x} kxf8sf] s'gf–s'gf k'u]/ klg

hn]sf x[bodf zflGt lbnfpg' x} v|Li6sf] jrg lnP/ ltdL Kof;L cfTdfnfO{ kfgL lknfpg' x} v|Li6 g} hLljt kfgL elg

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 37 ~

o:tf] klg x'g;S5

dg of] dfGb}g geg' ltdL lgoGq0f ug{' x} cfkm}nfO{ d'v kgL ;DxfNbLg geg' ltdL ;f]r ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' x} cfkm}nfO{

s]/fsf] kft em}F gxlNng' x} dg ltd|f] bfFof afFof htf;'s} dg kl/ w/x/f em}F l:y/ /xg' x} dg ltd|f] otf ptf slxst} gx]/L

xfjf em}F g p8\g' x} dg ltd|f] kxf8x¿df 7f]lsg ;S5 klg 5fn em}F g pn{g' x} dg ltd|f] ljgfzsf] vfN8f]df kg{;S5 lg

x[bon] ;TotfnfO{ vf]Hbf Tolt nfUg' x} ltdL klg lbdfun] c;n s'/f /f]Hbf Tolt axlsg' x} ltdL klg

kl/Iffsf ;dox¿df klg larlnt gx'g' x} slxNo} ltdL o]z"df ;w} s]lGb|t eO cfTdf ;+odL aGg' x} ltdL

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 38 ~

lhpg' t Ogfdsf] nflu ld7f ;kgfx¿nfO{ ;fFr]/ afFRg'k5{ of] hLjg lttf] oyfy{x¿nfO{ e'n]/ xfF:g'k5{ of] dg

v|Li6o]z"sf] cfgGb kfP/ /dfpg' k5{ ;albg pgsf] pkl:yltdf cfP/ ufpg' k5{ l5g–l5g

v'zLsf ;Gb]zx¿ c¿nfO{ klg afF8\g'k5{ xfdLn] hLljt o]z"sf ;TotfnfO{ b]vfpg'k5{ xfdLn]

zflGtbftf o]z" g} x'g\ eg]/ lrgfpg'k5{ ;f/fn] d'lQmbftf plg g} x'g\ eg]/ b]vfpg'k5{ dfofn]

Hof]ltsf lktfsf] xft ;dfO lx+8\g'k5{ ;Gtfgn] ljho o]z"sf] em08f kmx/fO{ af]Sg'k5{ ;]gfn]

cgGt /fHosf] Ogfd kfpg kf}l8g'k5{ /g/x¿n] cgGt b08af6 kf/ tg{ kf}l8g'k5{ l:jd/x¿n]

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 39 ~

gof “ x'g dg nfU5

gofF ;fn ;+u} d klg gofF x'g dg nfU5 hLjgdf Pp6f gofF cg'ej ug{ dg nfU5 af]wf] xf]Og ltvf] em}F t/jf/ e}Fm x'g dg nfU5 k'/fgf] z}nL xf]Og gofF z}nL lng dg nfU5

afnskg rfxGg jo:s aGg dg nfU5 sdhf]/ kg xf]Og :j:y clt a]z nfU5 /f]uL eO /xGg ;]ljsf aGg dg nfU5 gofF ;fn ;+u} kl/at{g x'g dg nfU5

k'/fgf] vfN6f v'N6Lx¿ eg{ dg nfU5 pRr kxf8x¿nfO{ ;Dd kfg{ dg nfU5 ;'Vvf e"lddf gx/ k'¥ofpg dg nfU5 afFemf] hldgnfO{ cGg e08f/ agfpg dg nfU5

cflTdsL nfn ;d'Gb|df kf}l8g dg nfU5 cflTdsL ;u/dfydf cf/f]xg ug{ dg nfU5 gofF jL/ aneb| aGg emg\ dg nfU5 gofF cf/f]xL t]lGh+ª aGg dg nfU5

cfkm'nfO{ TofuL j|m';nfO{ x]g{ dg nfU5 lautnfO{ la;L{ at{dfg c+ufNg dg nfU5 v|Li6sf] lglDt c;n sfdx¿ ug{ dg nfU5 gofF ;fn ;+u} gofF sfdx¿ ug{ dg nfU5

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 40 ~

k[ys xf];\

k|To]s jif{ k|To]s k6s ef]h clg eQ]/ x'G5 v|Li6d; cfof] eGb} gfFr clg ufg x'G5 /dfOnf] / 3dfOnf]df g} v|Li6d;sf] cGt x'G5 lsg < o;} aif{ klg ToxL+ sfd k]m/L bf]xf]l/+b}5f} lsg <

lxhf] h] ul/GYof] cfh klg s]lx leGg 5}g ;+:s[lt dfq agfpg] xf]sL Tof] klg xf]Og ljZjf;df lhpg] xf} eg] gofF sfd 5}g lsg < o;} aif{ klg ToxL+ sfd bf]xf]l/+b}5f} lsg <

k|fy{gf, ;+ult, afOan cWoog x'g'k5{ xfdL eG5f} e]6, uf]i7L / a}7sdf g} Ao:t lsg xfdL x'G5f} Jo:ttfsf] gfpdf k|e'sf] ;do n'6\b}5f} lsg < o;} aif{ klg ToxL+ sfd bf]xf]l/+b}5f} lsg <

d]/f] xf]Og xfd|f], d xf]Og xfdL xf} xfdL eG5f} dgd'6fa / l/; /fu x[boe/L ;+w} xfdL /fV5f} k|]ddf afFRg] g} xf} eg] Ifdf n]gb]g 5}g lsg < o;} aif{ klg ToxL+ sfd bf]xf]l/+b}5f} lsg <

bfHo' efO Ps x'g' clt c;n xfdL eG5f} Ps cs{fsf] v'§f tfGg klg clu xfdL a9\5f} cflTds /fHodf c:jR5 k|lt:kw{f u5f}{ lsg < o;} aif{ klg ToxL+ sfd bf]xf]l/+b}5f} lsg <

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 41 ~

yfxf kfP“ slt ufx|f] /x]5 hLjg lhpg aNn cfh yfxf kfPF lx8bf–lx8\b} kfOnfx¿ 7f]ls+bf dfq cfh yfxf kfPF .

uf]/]6f]df rfn]sf kfOnfx¿ 3f]8]6f]df kbf{ yfxf kfPF ;/n ofqf bf]af6f]df clNem+bf dfq cfh yfxf kfPF .

n8\b} p7\b}, n8\b} p7\b} ub{f aNn cfh yfxf kfPF hLjg lhpg ;lhnf] 5}g eGg] s'/f dfq yfxf kfPF .

;Fw} ltd|f] ;fy b]pm o]z" ;'Gb/ hLjg lhpg dnfO{ ltd|f] ;fy lagf dt o;} d/L xfN5' ;Fw} el/nfO{ .

ltd|} ;fy kfO{ hLjgsf] ofqf ;kmn x'g] cfzf 5 ltd|} ;fydf g} cgGt–cgGt ;Dd} /Dg] cfzf 5 .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 42 ~

;a} pgsf cg'ofoL 3fdn] ltd|f] cb\e't Hof]lt k5\ofp5 rGb|n] ltd|f] lztntfnfO{ cfsfzn] ltd|f] ckf/ k|]dnfO{ k5\ofp5 k[YjLn] ltd|f] w}o{tfnfO{

;d'Gb|x¿n] ltd|f] zfGt :jefjsf] gSsn ub{5g\ lxdfnx¿n] ltd|f] c6ntfsf] d}bfgx¿n] ltd|f] pbf/tfsf] gSsn ub{5g\ kxf8x¿n] ltd|f] alnof] kgsf]

gbLx¿n] ltd|f] ;Demgf u5{g\ tfnx¿n] ltd|f] :jR5tfsf] k|bz{g h+unx¿n] ltd|f] bofsf] cg'z/0f u'kmfx¿n] ltd|f] cfZro{tfsf] k|bz{g

ta d lsg ltdLnfO{ gk5\ofpF < cflb / cGt t ltdL g} xf} k|e' ltd|f] u'gufg s;/L gufpF < ;[li6stf{, kfngstf{, p4f/stf{ t ltdL g xf} .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 43 ~

cf/fwgf / cGt/lalGtsf of]4fx¿ v|Li6nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{ ljZjf;Lx¿ dfq xf]Ogf} xfdL bz{gnfO{ b]Vg] bz{gwf/Lx¿ klg xf} xfdL ;+ult, e]63f6, / 5nkmn dfq ub}{gf} xfdL cf/fwgf / cGt/lalGtsf of]2fx¿ klg xf} xfdL

vfO of gvfO{ cGt/lalGt k|fy{gf u5f}{ xfdL ;w} ;sL of g;sL k|e'sf] ;]jfdf nuftf/ lx+8\5f} o;} ;+ult,e]63f6 / 5nkmn dfq ub}{gf} xfdL cf/fwgf / cGt/lalGtsf of]2fx¿ klg xf} xfdL

b'v, / si6 h] cfPklg o]z"sf] gfpdf ;xG5f} xfdL lrGtf / lkmj|mL h] eP klg o]z" k|e'df ;'DkG+5f} xfdL ;+ult, e]63f6 / 5nkmn dfq ub}{gf} xfdL cf/fwgf / cGt/lalGtsf of]2fx¿ klg xf} xfdL

;+si6sf] s¿0f j|mGblgo k'sf/f ;'Gg'x'G5 o]z"k|e'n] k'sf/f ;'gL cflzifsf] em/L a;f{pg'x'G5 o]z"k|e'n] ;+ult, e]63f6 / 5nkmn dfq ub}{gf} xfdL cf/fwfgf / cGt/lalGtsf of]2fx¿ klg xf} xfdL

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 44 ~

o:tf] ef] ltd|f] ;fy d]/f] lglDt dfy ef] ltd|f] ofb d]/f] lglDt ;f; ef] .

ltd|f] dxfg k|]d d]/f] lglDt km]d ef] ltd|f] Ifdfbfg d]/f] lglDt hLjg ef] .

ltd|f] nf7L d]/f] lglDt ;fyL ef] ltd|f] aQL d]/f] lglDt Hof]lt ef] .

ltd|f] arg d]/f] lglDt hn ef] ltd|f] cfgGb d]/f] lglDt an ef] .

ltd|f] gfd d]/f] lglDt ;fg ef] ltd|f] laho d]/f] lglDt ufg ef] .

s:tf] lyof] hLjg ca s:tf] ef] oyfy{df hLjg oxfF ;fx|} uha ef]] .

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 45 ~

:f'Gb/ gfgLx¿ Û cfxf Û ;fgf–;fgf gfgLx¿ ;fgf df]tLsf bfgf h:t} cfxf ;fgf–;fgf cfFvfx¿ ;fgf lx/fsf bfgfx¿ h:t}

cfxf Û tf]t] af]Ng] af]nLx¿ ;fx|} ld7f 5g\ slnnf lt d':sfgx¿ ;fx|} ;'Gb/ 5g\ cfxf Û tft] ug]{ v'§fx¿ slt tu8f 5g\ rnxn ug]{ xft kfpx¿ slt ultzLn 5g\

cfxf Û ;fgf–;fgf gfgLx¿ slt g/d 5g\ slnnf lt d'gfx¿ d':s'/fO{ e}Fm cfxf Û ;fgf–;fgf gfgLx¿ slt b[9 5g\ ljzfn cfsfzsf rlDsnf tf/fx¿ e}Fm

h] eGof] ToxL dfGg] clt /fd|f afgLx¿ OdfGbf/L / cf1fsf/L 5g\ ;fgf gfgLx¿ htf lx8\of] ToxL af6f] lx8\g] Sof /fd|f gfgLx¿ 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug]{ slt /fd|f gfgLx¿

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 46 ~

Tof] lbg /fhfsf] o]z"sf] a8f cfudgnfO{ s'l//fVof5' l;+uf/–k6f/ u/L tDtof/L eO{ al;/fVof5'

pT;flxt 5' ltg} :JfuL{o dxnleq k:gnfO{ dxnleqsf] Tof] cb\e't ;f}Gbo{ x]g{nfO{

;bf :fbf n'6'k'6' pg}sf] sfvdf x/fpg ;fldKodf pgnfO{ k|z+;f :t'lt r9fpFg

s:tf] xf]nf Tof] lbg ha pgL cfpg]5g\ cfcf] x]/ ltdLnfO{ lng cfPF eGg]5g\

v';L, xif{, pdËn] 9'Ss} ufpg]5 Tof] lbg cfgGb, zflGt, /dfx6 kSs} 5fpg]5 Tof] lbg

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 47 ~

b'Mvb of] a]nf ⁄

b]z /f]Psf] a]nf, a}/L xfF;]sf] a]nf dg s;/L yfDg] xf], b'Mvb of] a]nf Û

Oltxf;sf] sfnf /fqLleq, hGde"ld lrq zfg s;/L a9\g] xf], b'Mvb of] a]nf Û

cGof]ntfn] 3]l/+bf, sfnf] kbf{ km]l/+bf lgsf;f s;/L kfpg] xf], b'Mvb of] a]nf Û

cfzfx¿ 6'6\bf, csf]{ cfzf s]xL g km'bf{ /;fPsf 5g\ cfFvf, b'Mvb of] a]nf Û

k|tLIffsf] 38L ;s]/ klg pgL g cfpFbf wf]sf dx;'; u/]sf 5g\, b'Mvb of] a]nf Û

d]/f] b]znfO{ arfpm

~ 48 ~

cfdf

cfdf ltdL dfofsL vfgL d la;{'+ s;/L < cfˆg} k|f0fnfO{ wf/df /fvL hGdfof} h;/L

sNk]/ d ;lSbg a:g Tof] ltd|f] b'Mv nfO{ ts]{/ d ;lSbg lx8\g Tof] ltd|f] :g]x kfO{

ef]sf] k]6 yftL /fvL v'jfof} dnfO{ s;f] u/L < g ltg{ ;S5' ltd|f] k|]dnfO{ of] h'gLdf d km]l/

lzIff, bLIff lbof} lg ;w} g} kfng kf]if0f klg enf], enfO{ lrtfO{ /Xof} lg d h:tf] eP klg

u'g nfof} cfdf ltdLn] dnfO{ g ;S5 ug{ s;}n] cfb/ u/ eG5 of] dgn] cfdf ltdLnfO{ hlxNo}

Mero Desh lai bachau

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