Melody's Gifts

8/9/2019 Melody's Gifts http://www.MelodysGifts.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/melodys-gifts-httpwwwmelodysgiftsorg 1/29



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Xbot ot a xgvdbokm# x|vf txg|y algvx a hfxf|jokfh# hfhodaxfh eajocy‟ttfa|db akh `gv|kfy xg jarojopf xbf coef ge xbfo| havmbxf|# Jfcghy#

acxbgvmb tbf }at lg|k ~|gegvkhcy hotalcfh+

Xbf avxbg| tba|ft dgvkxcftt# vkoqvf xbf|a~oft akh coef*acxf|okm tx|axfmoft

}bodb bauf fj~g}f|fh Jfcghy xg |fadb jo|advcgvt mgact+Lfdavtf Cgvotf xavmbx txvhfkxt e|gj fcfjfkxa|y tdbggc xb|gvmb dgccfmf#

bf| vkoqvf tx|axfmoft }occ oj~adx xbf couft ge dgvkxcftt okhouohvact }oxb t~fdoackffht+

Xbf lggi ot }|oxxfk }oxb bfa|xadbf akh xfa|evc fr~f|ofkdft lacakdfh }oxbcombxbfa|xfh# evk*cguokm xojft+ Xbf |fahf| lfdgjft a ~a|x ge xbf fjgxogkacoj~adx ge xbf txg|y# }bodb vkegcht at ak ahufkxv|f+

\fahf|t fkm|gttfh ok xbf txg|y }gk‟x xaif fufk xbf tjaccftx xatit eg|m|akxfh amaok+ Fadb jay lfdgjf a ~a|x ge xbf okd|fholcy lfavxoevc# vktfcfitb#guf|g}okm# ~g}f|evc cguf Jfcghy bat fr~|fttfh xb|gvmbgvx bf| coef+

Ok xbf 1?6>‟t# Cgvotf ]ahf guf|dajf ~gcog xbaxxb|faxfkfh bf| coef+ ]bfk bf| havmbxf|# Jfcghy# }atlg|k ok 1?5< }oxb a ~|gegvkh l|aok ok`v|y# Cgvotf‟thfxf|jokaxogk akh fkhcftt fkf|my# ~ao|fh }oxb xbfHgjak*Hfcadaxg ~axxf|kokm ~|gm|aj# xb}a|xfh a x|amodfrotxfkdf eg| Jfcghy+ Cgvotf ~v|tvfh m|ahvaxf txvhoftax xbf Vkouf|toxy ge Uo|mokoa xg lfdgjf a xfadbf|#dgktvcxakx# akh ~|gefttg|+ Bf| coef bat bah a ~gtoxoufoj~adx gk xbf couft ge dgvkxcftt okhouohvact }oxb

t~fdoac kffht akh bf| okkguaxouf tx|axfmoft bauf bfc~fhygvkmtxf|t‟ addgj~cotbjfkxt xb|gvmbgvx xbf yfa|t+



Jfcghy‟t Moext

Ak Okt~o|axogkac Txg|y ge A Eajocy‟t

Hfxf|jokaxogk Xbax Kfoxbf| Df|fl|ac ^acty Kg|

Jfkxac \fxa|haxogk ]gvch Tocfkdf Jfcghy‟t Tgkm

Cgvotf ]ahf

"]oxb Tbfoca H+ Kfctgk/

^v|dbatf xbot lggi ax bxx~0''}}}+JfcghytMoext+g|m

http://www.melodysgifts.org/



Dg~y|ombx ¯ <>>? ly Cgvotf ]ahf+

OTLK0 Tgexdguf| ?=2*1*8816*566?*8

Acc |ombxt |ftf|ufh+ Kg ~a|x ge xbot lggi jay lf |f~|ghvdfh g| x|aktjoxxfh ok aky eg|j

g| ly aky jfakt# fcfdx|gkod g| jfdbakodac# okdcvhokm ~bgxgdg~yokm# |fdg|hokm# g| ly

aky okeg|jaxogk txg|amf akh |fx|ofuac tytxfj# }oxbgvx ~f|jottogk ok }|oxokm e|gj xbf

dg~y|ombx g}kf|+

A ~g|xogk ge xbf ~|gdffht e|gj xbf tacft ge xbot lggi }occ mg xg D|aom T~|okmt Dbv|db

Daj~ ok D|aom Dgvkxy# Uo|mokoa+ Xbftf evkht }occ bfc~ xbfj ok xbfo| }ffi ge daj~ fadbtvjjf| eg| okhouohvact }oxb t~fdoac kffht+ Bf| }ffi fadb tvjjf| ax xbot daj~ ot a

eaug|oxf xojf eg| gv| Jfcghy+

Akgxbf| ~g|xogk ge xbf ~|gdffht }occ mg xg Xbf A\D "Attgdoaxogk ge \fxa|hfh Doxopfkt/

ge xbf Vkoxfh Txaxft# ak g|makopaxogk }bgtf ~v|~gtf ot xg ahugdaxf eg| xbf |ombxt akh evcc

~a|xodo~axogk ge acc okhouohvact "dboch|fk akh ahvcxt/ }oxb okxfccfdxvac akh hfufcg~jfkxac

hotalocoxoft+

Xbot lggi }at ~|okxfh ok xbf Vkoxfh Txaxft ge Ajf|oda+

Xg g|hf| ahhoxogkac dg~oft ge xbot lggi# dgkxadx0

Rcol|ot Dg|~g|axogk

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http://www.xlibris.com/

mailto:[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.xlibris.com/



XALCF GE DGKXFKXT

^|feadf Jy Hftxoky‘–Jfcghy‟t Jgxbf|‚ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++14

â|x Gkf‘Eo|tx Txf~t

Dba~xf| Gkf Coef Dgvchk‟x Bauf Lffk Lfxxf|0 Jfcghy‟t Lo|xb ++++<1

Dba~xf| X}g ]f‟|f Gk Gv| ]ay+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<8

Dba~xf| Xb|ff Xbf Oktxoxvxft Eg| Xbf Adbofufjfkx ge

Bvjak ^gxfkxoac0 Evcc Txfaj Abfah +++++++++++++++++++++++4<

Dba~xf| Egv| Xbf|a~y Ot A Dgkxokvgvt ^|gdftt +++++++++++++++++++++++++++8<

â|x X}g‘Fr~akhokm Bg|opgkt

Dba~xf| Eouf Xv|kokm ^gokx +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++6=

Dba~xf| Tor Xbf Dgvkdoc eg| Frdf~xogkac Dboch|fk ++++++++++++++++++++=8

Dba~xf| Tfufk Frdf~xogkac Dboch|fk Jaif Vt

Frdf~xogkac ^fg~cf ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=?

â|x Xb|ff‘\fadbokm Lfygkh Xbf Bg|opgk

Dba~xf| Fombx Couokm ]oxb Frdf~xogkacoxoft +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1>?

Dba~xf| Kokf \fxv|kokm Xg Uo|mokoa ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++148

Dba~xf| Xfk Eokhokm A Bgjf A}ay E|gj Bgjf ++++++++++++++++++++++16=

F~ocgmvf A Jgxbf|‟t Vkouf|tac Efa|0]bax Ba~~fkt Aexf| O Hof7 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1=4

Jfcghy‟t Oj~adx Gk Gxbf|t ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1==





A~~fkhodft0

A~~fkhor A0 –\ftgcvxogk‚ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1?1

A~~fkhor L0 Kf}t~a~f| A|xodcft |fma|hokm Txvhfkxt‟X|o~ xg ]atbokmxgk# H+D+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1?4

A~~fkhor D0 A|xodcft |fma|hokm Txvhfkxt‟ Ugcvkxff| ]g|i ++++++++<>6

A~~fkhor H0 A|xodcf a~~fa|okm ok Uokxgk kf}t~a~f|

|fma|hokm –Tkgg~yuoccf‚ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<>=

A~~fkhor F0 Jy Eaug|oxft ge \gllof ]bffcf|‟t ^|ayf|t +++++++++++<>?

A~~fkhor E0 A|xodcf |fma|hokm \fxa|hfh Dboch|fk

@gokokm Tdgvxt +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<11





HFHODAXOGKXg jy bvtlakh# @adi0 O dgvch bauf tfa|dbfh xbf }g|ch guf| akh kfuf|

egvkh a lfxxf| Hahhy eg| Jfcghy+ Bf bat txggh ly jf eg| guf| eoexy*xb|ff

yfa|t# jaiokm tv~|fjf tad|oeodft }oxb xgxac cguf akh hfugxogk9

Xg gv| tgk# Joif# }bg –~axxf|kfh‚ bot laly totxf|+ Bot jamodac#

~f|tvatouf }ay txocc ~|gj~xt bf| xg xfcf~bgkf boj haocy9

Xg gv| havmbxf|# ]fkhy# xbf totxf| }bgj Jfcghy ahg|ft akh }bgtf

~axofkdf akh ~attogk a|f lgvkhcftt# bf| cguf fkhcftt akh guf|ecg}okm9Akh xg @fkkoef| Cftxf|# gv| mva|hoak akmfc akh ak akt}f| xg gv|

~|ayf|t+ Tbf ot Jfcghy‟t bgtx bgjf ~|guohf|# eg| }bodb }f bauf fkhcftt

a~~|fdoaxogk# at }fcc at a jfkxg| akh lftx e|ofkh }bgtf ~axofkdf# cguf

akh da|f jo||g|t xbax ge kg gxbf|+

Cgvotf ]ahf

@vcy <>>?

HOTDCAOJF\

]f# xbf eajocy ge Jfcghy# }akx xg tba|f gv| fr~f|ofkdf gk xbf ~|adxodac

akh tgdofxac jaxxf|t ge cfa|kokm xg |aotf a dboch xg lf a ba~~y ahvcx+ ]oxbacc Jfcghy‟t t~fdoac dbaccfkmft# }f |ftfa|dbfh vkxoc }f hfufcg~fh a }ay

xg xv|k fuf|y toxvaxogk xbax a|gtf okxg ak g~~g|xvkoxy eg| vt akh eg| gv|

t~fdoac eajocy jfjlf|+

Ok xbot lggi }f bauf okdcvhfh xbf lftx ge gv| |fdgccfdxogkt akh xbf

hfdotogkt xbax }f jahf acgkm xbf }ay xbax }f|f |ombx eg| gv| eajocy+

]f }akx xbot lggi xg mouf gxbf|t bg~f# dgv|amf# akh tgjf tg|x ge

uacohaxogk xbax fuf|ygkf ok aky eajocy bat xg dbggtf }bax }g|it eg|

xbfj ax aky ~a|xodvca| xojf ok xbf `gv|kfy lfokm jahf ly xbf dboch akh xbf fkxo|f eajocy+

Xbf|f ot kg gkf ~axb xbax eoxt fuf|y eajocy xbax ot eadfh }oxb da|okm eg|

a cgufh gkf }oxb t~fdoac kffht+ Kg jfxbgh# tdbggc# g| g~okogk jfkxogkfh

ok xbot lggi dak lf uof}fh at xbf gkcy# g| ~f|ba~t fufk xbf lftx# ~axb





auaocalcf eg| ygv| ~a|xodvca| eajocy+ ]f acc `vtx bauf xg hg xbf lftx }f

dak }oxb xbf dv||fkx ikg}cfhmf auaocalcf xg vt ax xbf xojf+ Ox ot kgx gv|

okxfkxogk xg fkhg|tf aky t~fdoeod ~|gm|aj g| jaxf|oac# lvx gkcy xg tba|f

gv| fr~f|ofkdft+Tgjf ge xbf kajft ok xbot lggi bauf lffk dbakmfh9 jaky bauf kgx

lffk dbakmfh lfdavtf }f ~v|~gtfcy }akx xg |fdgmkopf xbf gkft }bg bauf

jahf tvdb ~gtoxouf oj~adxt gk gv| couft+





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ADIKG]CFHMFJFKXT

O }gvch coif xg xbaki xbf xfaj ge ~axxf|kf|t ok M|ffk \ohmf#^fkktycuakoa }bg }f|f tg jvdb a ~a|x ge Jfcghy‟t fa|cy yfa|t ge cfa|kokm

xg d|a}c# d|ff~# }aci akh xaci+

Bvmf xbakit xg fadb akh fuf|y t~fdoac fhvdaxogk xfadbf| guf|

xbf yfa|t# at }fcc at xbf egcit ax xbf }g|itbg~t# ft~fdoaccy Ajy ok

]aykftlg|g# Uo|mokoa+

]f m|faxcy a~~|fdoaxf xbf txaee ax fadb m|gv~ bgjf+ ]f x|vtxfh ygv

}oxb gv| ~|fdogvt havmbxf| Jfcghy+ \gtof ax Tvktbokf ̂ cadf ok Ba|jgkyat }fcc at La|la|a akh @fkkoef| ax Fcj X|ff ok ̂ fa|otlv|m# Uo|mokoa lfdajf

tomkoeodakx ok gv| couft+

O }akx xg fr~|ftt jy m|axoxvhf xg jy dgccfamvft guf| xbf xbo|xy*eouf

yfa|t }bg xfajfh }oxb jf xg attv|f gv| ~gtoxouf oj~adx ok xbf couft ge

egcit }oxb t~fdoac kffht+ Lfxxy @g La|xok# jvtod xfadbf| ax ̂ okia|h Dgv|x

ok \gakgif# Uo|mokoa9 @gbk JdDcv|f ax Ifytxgkf A|fa Fhvdaxogk Amfkdy

ok Hvlvqvf# Og}a9 akh @fakakkf Horgk ax Kf} \ouf| Dgjjvkoxy Dgccfmf

ok Hvlcok# Uo|mokoa acc jahf jf a lfxxf| ~f|tgk+A t~fdoac xbakit xg Kakdy \vxb ^axxf|tgk# jy Vkouf|toxy ge

Uo|mokoa }|oxokm ~|gefttg|9 Txf~bakof Jg|mak# jy }|oxokm ~a|xkf|#

akh bf| bvtlakh ^avc eg| fhoxokm9 dcattjaxft ok xbf \gakgif }|oxokm

m|gv~9 akh @fkfkf @gbktgk ok Hvlcok# }bg xy~fh }ffi aexf| }ffi+

O a~~|fdoaxf Fjocy Mal|ytdb akh Hakofc Lv|hftt# txvhfkxt ax Kf}

\ouf| Dgjjvkoxy Dgccfmf# }bg hftomkfh xbf lggi dguf| xbax ot tg

a~~|g~|oaxf+

A t~fdoac ivhgt xg Iaxby Ly|h akh @adiof Bvkxf|# }bg ~|gge*|fah akh d|oxoqvfh xbf jakvtd|o~x ~|og| xg tvljottogk xg xbf ~vlcotbf|+ Xbfy

a|f xbf lftx!





1> CGVOTF ]AHF

@fakakkf Horgk ge K\DD bat }|oxxfk a ~|odfcftt eg|f}g|h O a~~|fdoaxf

tg jvdb+

Tbfoca Kfctgk bat jy fxf|kac m|axoxvhf# eg| tbf ot xbf gkf }bg

|fdgmkopfh xbf uacvf ge mfxxokm xbot lggi xg xbf ~vlcotbf| akh jahf oxba~~fk+ Xbakit a joccogk!

MGH LCFTT!!!





11

EG\F]G\H

]bax egccg}t ot ak fkxf|xaokokm# xgvdbokm# akh oktombxevc lggi }|oxxfk}oxb cguf ly ak ajapokm jgxbf|# dgccfmf ~|gefttg| akh ac}ayt g~xojotxod

okhouohvac+

Xbot avxbg| dak eokh a jamod tgcvxogk g| tx|axfmy xg xfadb akyxbokm

xg aky dboch# ahvcx# g| akojac ok xbf vkouf|tf! ]f acc }akx gv| dboch|fk

xg couf v~ xg xbfo| ~gxfkxoac# lvx xbot avxbg| bfc~t vt xg eokh xbf g~xojac

cfufc ok fuf|y bvjak lfokm akh# jgtx oj~g|xakxcy# bfc~t fadb ge xbfj xg

dfcfl|axf xbf `gy ge |fadbokm eg| bot'bf| g}k txa| ok ak okhouohvac }ay+Fadb akh fuf|y toxvaxogk ok xbot lggi ot x|vf+ Fadb tf|uft xg toj~cy

okx|ghvdf akh occvtx|axf ohfat xbax a|f eajocoa|+ Xfadbf|t akh okhouohvact

dak eokh d|faxouf }ayt xg oj~|guf xbf haocy couft ge fuf|ygkf }f jffx+

Cgvotf ]ahf mouft vt xbax t~fdoac ~axb}ay xg oj~|guf xbf `gy akh

ba~~okftt ge fuf|y eajocy jfjlf|+

]bax a t~fdoac lcfttokm ox bat lffk eg| jf xg }axdb xbot –jamod cahy‚

}g|i }oxb tg jaky t~fdoac dboch|fk akh bf| g}k –~|fdogvt Jfcghy+‚

@fakakkf Horgk

Dgg|hokaxg|‘CFA^‘Cfa|kokm Adbofufjfkx ^|gm|aj

Kf} \ouf| Dgjjvkoxy Dgccfmf

Hvlcok# Uo|mokoa "VTA/





14

^\FEADF

Jy Hftxoky‘–Jfcghy‟t Jgxbf|‚

Jaky bauf lfcofufh xbax# tgjfbg}# jy coef }at hftomkfh ok a }ay

xg ~|f~a|f jf eg| ahufkxv|ft akh dbaccfkmft+ Acxbgvmb O bauf kg} coufh

guf| tfufkxy yfa|t akh eadfh jaky dbaccfkmft akh ba|htbo~t acgkm }oxb

`gyt akh ~cfatv|ft# mfxxokm xbot lggi }|oxxfk bat lffk ly ea| xbf ba|hftx

fkhfaug| xbax O bauf fuf| vkhf|xaifk+ O‟uf }akxfh xg xfcc Jfcghy‟t txg|yxg a l|gahf| avhofkdf eg| yfa|t+ Jy gkcy mgac ok hgokm xbot ot xg bfc~

gxbf|t eadokm tojoca| dbaccfkmft ok xbfo| eajocoft+ Oe fufk gkf coef g| gkf

eajocy ot bfc~fh akh dbakmfh ok a ~gtoxouf }ay# xbfk jy mgac }occ bauf

lffk |facopfh+ Xbf dgvkxcftt bgv|t# tx|ftt# |f*coufh fjgxogkt# akh xfa|t

}occ bauf lffk }g|xb ox acc+

Tokdf xbf lggi dguf| }at hftomkfh fa|cy ok xbf ~|gdftt# Jfcghy bat

~|gj~xfh jf xg –}|oxf xbf lggi‚ gk jaky bgjf uotoxt+ ]bfk atifh# –]bg

ot xbf lggi algvx7‚ tbf ac}ayt m|okt e|gj fa| xg fa| akh ~gokxt ~|gvhcyxg bf|tfce+ O aj dgkuokdfh xbax }oxbok bf| tgvc akh t~o|ox tbf vkhf|txakht

ox+ Tbf }akxt bf| coef xg jaxxf| xg gxbf|t }oxb t~fdoac kffht+ Xbf mgac ot#

ge dgv|tf# xg ~|guohf ohfat# tx|axfmoft# bg~f akh ~|ayf|t+

^f|ba~t jy fa|cy coef hoh ~|f~a|f jf eg| xbf jaky dbaccfkmft O }gvch

fkdgvkxf| xb|gvmbgvx jy coef+ O }at lcfttfh xg lf lg|k xg a }gkhf|evc tfx

ge ~a|fkxt+ Jy eaxbf|# lg|k ok Lfcmovj# m|f} v~ ok \bghf Otcakh }bf|f

bot eajocy t~gif gkcy E|fkdb ax bgjf+ A l|occoakx tdbgca|# Mfg|mf Tavxf‟

}at a jaxb ~|gefttg| ax \gccokt Dgccfmf ok ]okxf| ^a|i# Ecg|oha+ Atbot dboch|fk }f|f m|g}okm v~# bf takm ua|ogvt dgccfmf tgkmt xg vt+ Jy

jgxbf|# Ja|of Cgvotf Xfamvf# }at lg|k ok E|ftkg# Dacoeg|koa+ ̂ fxoxf }oxb

lcgkh bao| akh lcvf fyft# tbf }at kgx gkcy lfavxoevc lvx }at lcfttfh }oxb





18 CGVOTF ]AHF

a ~bfkgjfkac ugodf+ Jy ~a|fkxt jfx }bfk tbf }at a txvhfkx ax Cfcakh

^g}f|t txvhyokm h|aja akh ugodf+

Mfg|mf Hf]oxx# egv| yfa|t gchf| xbak O# }at a hykajoxf lom l|gxbf|+

Jy fa|coftx jfjg|oft a|f eoccfh }oxb bot iokhkftt akh mfkf|gtoxy+ Bf akh bot }oef# Cgot# lgxb bah ^b+H+‟t ok ^tydbgcgmy akh }f|f xbf ~a|fkxt ge a

tgk akh a havmbxf|+ O txocc jott boj fuf|y hay tokdf bf x|amodaccy xggi bot

g}k coef ok Hfdfjlf| 1?55+

O actg bauf a }gkhf|evc x}ok totxf|# Ja|of+ Tokdf tbf‟t gchf| xbak O aj

ly xfk jokvxft# tbf |fjokht jf gexfk ge bf| }othgj akh xbax O tbgvch

cotxfk xg bf|+ Ax lo|xb# }f x}okt }fombfh a dgjlokfh egv|xffk ~gvkht#

akh gv| jgxbf| gkcy }fombfh kokfxy*fombx ~gvkht+ Ja|of bat l|g}k

bao| akh fyft coif Hah# akh O bauf lcgkh bao| akh lcvf fyft coif Jgj+]f actg tffj xg bauf fadb okbf|oxfh gv| uf|y hoeef|fkx xfj~f|ajfkxt

e|gj xbfj0 Ja|of bat Hah‟t faty*mgokm xfj~f|ajfkx }bocf O aj –bomb

tx|vkm‚ coif Jgj+

Gv| ~a|fkxt }f|f uf|y }otf+ @vtx at }f }f|f hfeokoxfcy kgx ohfkxodac

x}okt ok cggit akh xfj~f|ajfkxt# }f fadb ~gttfttfh hoeef|fkx okxf|ftxt

akh alocoxoft }bodb gv| ~a|fkxt fkdgv|amfh xb|gvmbgvx gv| ygvxb+

O uouohcy |fjfjlf| a uotox xg xbf hgdxg| }bfk O }at kokf xbax egdvtfh gk jy by~f|adxouoxy+ Xbf hgdxg| }otfcy okeg|jfh jy ~a|fkxt xbax kg

jfhodokf }gvch lf dgktohf|fh g| kffhfh eg| xbot –dgkhoxogk+‚ Xbfy }f|f

xgch `vtx xg –eokh a dgktx|vdxouf gvxcfx‚ eg| acc jy fkf|moft+ O bauf ac}ayt

|fjfjlf|fh xbf ahuodf moufk ly xbot hgdxg|# akh bauf |f~faxfh ox dgvkxcftt

xojft xg ~a|fkxt akh xfadbf|t at jy coef bat xb|vtx jf okxg dgktvcxaxouf

~gtoxogkt+ –By~f|adxouf‚ ot a kfmaxouf xf|j }bocf –fkf|mfxod‚ ot ~gtoxouf+

Coxxcf hoh aky ge vt ikg} ax xbf xojf bg} fttfkxoac jy alvkhakdf ge fkf|my

}gvch lf xb|gvmbgvx jy coef at O eadfh kvjf|gvt ja`g| dbaccfkmft+

At a |ftvcx ge xbf hgdxg|‟t |fdgjjfkhaxogk# jy ~a|fkxt fk|gccfh jf

ok hakdf cfttgkt+ Ox lfdajf jy cguf# coef# akh da|ff|+ O coufh xg hakdf#

akh }at lcfttfh }oxb xbf g~~g|xvkoxy xg txvhy ax xbf Fltfk Txvhog ok

G|cakhg+ Lvhhy Fltfk‟t ~a|fkxt }f|f xbf|f+ Bot totxf|# Jt+ E|akicok# |ak

xbf geeodf a|fa akh F~~of –Bfcma‚ }at xbf Jatxf| Xfadbf|+ Eg|xvkaxfcy#

O bah xacfkx xg mg }oxb jy –frdfttouf fkf|my+‚ O |a|fcy tax hg}k xg }axdb

gxbf|t hakdf# lvx ~|adxodfh acjgtx kgk*txg~+ O‟h iff~ gk hakdokm fufk}bfk jy effx }gvch lcffh+

O‟h xaifk jy eo|tx hakdf cfttgk ax amf kokf# akh ly amf xbo|xffk O }at

xfadbokm+ F~~of a~~|fdoaxfh jy alocoxoft# akh }f xavmbx ax xbf ]gjak‟t

Dcvl ok Dgdga Lfadb acc hay fuf|y Taxv|hay+ Ax amf eoexffk# O lg||g}fh





16JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

jy l|gxbf|‟t da| akh ftxalcotbfh jy g}k hakdf txvhog akh fufk ~vx gk a

|fdoxac+ F~~of xggi jf ax amf torxffk xg âdoeod âcotahft ok Dacoeg|koa#

}bf|f tbf coufh ad|gtt xbf tx|ffx e|gj Hflg|ab If||+

O cfa|kfh fufk jg|f }oxb Ja|mf Dbaj~ogk‟t hah# F|kftx Lfcdbf|# okhg}kxg}k Cgt Akmfcft+ Ox }at a|gvkh xbax xojf xbax O lfdajf hfxf|jokfh

xg mg xg Kf} _g|i Doxy xg hakdf+ Hah |fqvo|fh xbax O dgj~cfxf gkf yfa|

ge dgccfmf lfeg|f xbot dgvch ba~~fk# tg O tio~~fh jy tfkog| yfa| ge

bomb tdbggc+ O bauf kg |fdgccfdxogk ge eaxomvf xbax tvjjf|# at O xggi ak

Fkmcotb dgv|tf ax Takxa Jgkoda @vkog| Dgccfmf# xavmbx hakdf ax xbf txvhog

lfcgkmokm xg ]ocja "F~~of‟t totxf|/ ok âdoeod âcotahft# }aox|fttfh eg|

jgkfy xg ~ay eg| jy hakdf cfttgkt }oxb Lfcdbf|# akh ~|adxodfh kfa|cy

kgk*txg~+ O jvtx bauf |faccy bah xbf bomb fkf|my cfufc fuf|ygkf taoh O hoh!Ax amf torxffk O lfdajf a e|ftbjak ax \gccokt Dgccfmf# txvhyokm akh

xfadbokm hakdf+ Gkf ge xbf bombcombxt ge jy coef# –G~f|axogk Tgkmcoex#‚

}at jy okx|ghvdxogk xg tbg} lvtokftt+ Xbot m|gv~ ge tokmf|t e|gj \gccokt#

}oxb jf at xbf tgcg hakdf|# x|aufccfh xg Odfcakh akh Lf|jvha xg ~f|eg|j

ax jocoxa|y latft ok xbf aexf|kggkt akh fufkokmt hv|okm xbf Db|otxjat

bgcohayt+ Ly xbot xojf# O hfeokoxfcy bah lffk loxxfk ly xbf ~f|eg|jokm lvm#

akh }at okhffh txa| tx|vdi+ Acxbgvmb O‟h eaccfk gk jy ladi ok Tf~xfjlf|#O dgkxokvfh xg hakdf akh hakdf akh jokh ~|fuaocfh guf| jaxxf|+ O bah

akgxbf| eacc ok xbf tbg}# lvx fufk xbax hohk‟x txg~ jf+ O cgkmfh xg xgv|

eg|fuf|# akh }at uf|y tah }bfk ox }at guf|+

O if~x gk ~vtbokm jytfce at a evcc*xojf dgccfmf txvhfkx at }fcc at a hakdf

txvhfkx akh xfadbf| vkxoc O dgvch kg cgkmf| }aci+ O }at hotx|avmbx akh uf|y

akm|y# at O hoh kgx bauf xojf ok jy ygvkm coef eg| bgt~oxacopaxogk# x|adxogk#

lghy datx# akh xbf okfuoxalcf tv|mf|y xbax bah xg lf hgkf ok Jay+

O }at hft~f|axf xg mfx gk }oxb jy ~|gefttogkac hakdf da|ff|+ Xb|gvmb|ftfa|db O cfa|kfh xbax a vkouf|toxy ok Tacx Caif Doxy# Vxab geef|fh a laccfx

ja`g| }oxb a jokg| ok jghf|k hakdf+ Lfdavtf O }at frx|ag|hoka|ocy

hfxf|jokfh xg |fadb jy mgac# kfoxbf| xbf m|fax hotxakdf kg| xbf eadx xbax

O }gvch lf xgxaccy acgkf ajgkm tx|akmf|t cfttfkfh jy fkxbvtoatj+

Ox }at x|vf0 O bah a tfceotb# tfce*dfkxf|fh# akh h|oufk ~f|tgkacoxy+ O

jahf kg a~gcgmoft eg| xbot xbfk g| tokdf9 ox }at toj~cy }bg O }at+ Xbftf

dba|adxf|otxodt# dgv~cfh }oxb xvkkfc uotogk akh xbf ohfa xbax kgxbokm

jaxxf|fh lvx hakdf# jahf jf hfxf|jokfh xbax kgxbokm }at mgokm xg txg~jf e|gj |fadbokm xbf xg~ ok jy dbgtfk da|ff|+

Xbax tvjjf|# O }at xb|occfh xg }g|i ax Daj~ Do|dcf E ax Caif ]acft

at a h|aja akh hakdf oktx|vdxg|+ Jy x}ok totxf|# Ja|of# }g|ifh gk xbf

}axf|e|gkx txaee+ Xbf tfatgk }at bace guf| akh tvjjf| mgact bah lffk





15 CGVOTF ]AHF

jfx }bfk# }oxb daj~f|t ok h|aja akh hakdf ~|gm|ajt# O bfahfh bgjf

eg| a cgkm }ffifkh+

Xb|gvmbgvx xbf kombx O fkhv|fh ~aok# xbf hf~xb ge }bodb O bah kfuf|

fr~f|ofkdfh lfeg|f+ Ly jg|kokm# O }at ok ak ajlvcakdf t~ffhokm xg}a|h xbf kfa|ftx bgt~oxac# Ecg|oha Takaxg|ovj+ Jy kfdi lfdajf txoee akh jy

lghy ~a|acypfh+ O bauf jfkxaccy lcgdifh gvx jvdb ge }bax ba~~fkfh

hv|okm xbax xojf aexf| O |fdfoufh xbf coef*acxf|okm hoamkgtot ge lvcla| akh

~a|acyxod ~gcog+ Jy ~a|fkxt }f|f xgch O }at kgx fr~fdxfh xg couf# akh O

hft~f|axfcy }akxfh jy coef xg `vtx lf guf|+ Kg gkf fuf| h|fajfh xbax O

}gvch okhffh couf# }aci# akh fufk bauf laloft+

Fuf|ygkf ax xbf Daj~ }at moufk Majja Mcglvcok tbgxt+ Xbot

okdcvhfh# ge dgv|tf# jy x}ok totxf|# Ja|of+ Tbf }at accg}fh xg dgjf bgjfxg uotox jf fuf|y hay# fufk }bfk O }at ok qva|akxokf+

At xbf |ftvcx ge jvdb ~|ayf|# xbf Totxf| Ifkky x|faxjfkx "haocy

}ggcfk bgx ~adit/# akh ~bytodac xbf|a~y "}bodb dgkxokvfh eg| jgkxbt

akh jgkxbt/# jo|advcgvtcy O lfmak xg }aci amaok+ O }at hfxf|jokfh xg

eombx eg| xbf dbakdf xg |fxv|k xg xbf Vkouf|toxy ge Vxab+ ]oxb jy kfdi

ok a l|adf akh gk*mgokm ~bytodac xbf|a~y# O dgkxokvfh xg eombx jy }ay

ladi+ O mauf jy acc xg hakdf lvx# x|amodaccy# O eaokxfh xgg gexfk+ Jy l|aok}at eokf akh O dgkxokvfh xg dbg|fgm|a~b akh mouf ox jy acc# lvx ox }gvch

kgx lf fkgvmb+

Hv|okm jy eo|tx ef} jgkxbt ax xbf Vkouf|toxy ge Vxab# O bah jfx a

ha|cokm lcgkh bao|fh# lcvf fyfh ygvkm jak ok a tqva|f hakdf dcatt+ At

kfoxbf| ge vt }at okxf|ftxfh ok a tf|ogvt |fcaxogktbo~ "}f }f|f lgxb amaoktx

ja||oamf ax xbf xojf/# }f lfdajf lftx e|ofkht+ Bf }at coif a lom l|gxbf|

dbfdiokm gvx a cgx ge xbf mvyt O haxfh+

]bfk O |fxv|kfh aexf| jy lgvx }oxb ~gcog# bf cgakfh jf bot da| akh }at frx|fjfcy bfc~evc akh da|okm ok jy |fdguf|y+ _gv mvfttfh ox0 }f efcc ok

cguf eg| acc xbf |ombx |fatgkt+ Aexf| bf m|ahvaxfh }oxb a Ladbfcg|‟t Hfm|ff

ok ̂ bytodac Fhvdaxogk# }f |ghf xbf M|fybgvkh lvt xg Xv~fcg# Jottotto~~o

eg| jy l|gxbf|‟t }fhhokm+ Caxf| jy totxf|# Ja|of# }at ja||ofh ok a cgufcy

ma|hfk }fhhokm ax \gccokt Dgccfmf+

@adi ]ahf lfmak xg xfatf jf# tayokm xbax xbf x}g }fhhokmt }f|f

jy tomkac xbax ox }at kg} eokf eg| vt xg dgktohf| ja||oamf+ Tor jgkxbt

caxf|# gk Hfdfjlf| <># 1?66# }f }f|f ja||ofh ax xbf \gccokt Dba~fc akh jgufh xg Bgvtxgk# Xfrat }bf|f @adi }at a Tfdgkh Cofvxfkakx txaxogkfh

ax Fcmok Ao| Eg|df Latf+





1=JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

Hv|okm gv| xojf xbf|f# }f egvkh xbax xbf hgdxg|t bah lffk }|gkm

amaok+ Kgx gkcy }at O acouf akh }aciokm# lvx gv| tgk Joif }at lg|k ok

Gdxglf| 1?65 ax Eg|x Cff# Uo|mokoa+ ]f coufh ok \gakgif \a~oht# Kg|xb

Da|gcoka vkxoc @adi cfex xbf Ao| Eg|df xg lfdgjf a Hotx|odx Frfdvxouf okxbf Lgy Tdgvxt ge Ajf|oda ok M|ffktlg|g# Kg|xb Da|gcoka+ ]bocf xbf|f#

O |gccfh v~ xbf coxxcf |vm ok xbf couokm |ggj ge gv| eo|tx bgvtf akh xavmbx

hakdf+ O hoh xbot xg fa|k jgkfy eg| jy xvoxogk xg ]gjak‟t Dgccfmf# e|gj

}bodb O m|ahvaxfh }oxb a Ladbfcg|‟t Hfm|ff ok Botxg|y+

]f }akxfh akgxbf| dboch# lvx dacdvcaxfh xbf yfa|t tg }f }gvch kgx bauf

x}g ok dgccfmf ax xbf tajf xojf+ Jfcghy‟t a||ouac akt}f|fh gv| ~|ayf|t

eg| a coxxcf mo|c }bg ok jy jokh# ax cfatx# }gvch lf gv| coxxcf hakdf|+ Aexf|

}f cfa|kfh xbf frxfkx ge Jfcghy‟t ~|glcfjt akh xbf cfufc ge da|f tbf}gvch |fqvo|f# }f }f|f xgg efa|evc xg bauf a xbo|h dboch+ Bg}fuf|# gkdf

amaok Mgh ikf} lftx akh mauf vt akgxbf| havmbxf|# ]fkhy# }bg bat actg

fk|odbfh gv| couft lfygkh jfatv|f+

Aexf| bauokm xb|ff dboch|fk# O lfmak xg egdvt gk ak fhvdaxogkac mgac

akh fj~cgyjfkx+ O lfmak tvltxoxvxokm ok T~fdoac Fhvdaxogk dcattft

akh hfdohfh xg mfx a Jatxf|‟t Hfm|ff egdvtfh gk Jfkxac \fxa|haxogk+ O

xggi acc xbf dgv|tft O dgvch xbax }f|f geef|fh ok \gakgif# Uo|mokoa# akh da|~ggcfh xg xbf Vkouf|toxy ge Uo|mokoa ok Dba|cgxxftuoccf eg| xbf |ftx+ O

|fdfoufh jy Jatxf|‟t hfm|ff ok @vkf 1?=> akh jy Fhvdaxogkac T~fdoacotx

ok Jay 1?=5+

O xavmbx evcc xojf ax ^okia|h Dgv|x ok \gakgif Dgvkxy# Uo|mokoa#

xbfk ax Ba|hy \gah ok Uokxgk+ Hv|okm xbax xojf O }at tfcfdxfh xg mg xg

Uo|mokoa Xfdb ok Lcaditlv|m }oxb a tjacc m|gv~ ge xfadbf|t xaiokm dgv|tft

|fcaxfh xg Cfa|kokm Hotalocoxoft at }f hfufcg~fh xbf Cfa|kokm Hotalocoxoft

^|gm|aj ok \gakgif Dgvkxy+ Hv|okm xbf yfa|t lfeg|f O mgx a tallaxodac xg}g|i gk jy hgdxg|axf# O xavmbx ax Tgvxbuof}# Daxa}la# akh Mcfk M|guf

Fcfjfkxa|y Tdbggct+

Jy fr~f|ofkdft xb|gvmb coef bauf fj~g}f|fh jf xg eadf dbaccfkmft

gk a haocy g| tgjfxojft fufk gk ak bgv|cy latot }oxb Jfcghy+ O dgktxakxcy

jaokxaokfh jy eaoxb xbax xbf Cg|h }gvch kfuf| tfkh jf jg|f dbaccfkmft

xbak O dgvch jffx+

Aexf| mgokm xb|gvmb xbf ~|gdftt ge }|oxokm xbot lggi at }fcc at |fahokm

Xbot Ot Txfuof‟t Txg|y ly jy e|ofkh akh avxbg| Hgxxof Jv||ay# O bauf xgam|ff xgxaccy }oxb bf| dgkdcvhokm ~a|am|a~b+ Tbf }|gxf xbax –xbf x}g

ge vt xgmfxbf| }f|f hftxokfh xg vtf }baxfuf| moext }f jombx ~gttftt eg|





12 CGVOTF ]AHF

xbf mcg|y ge Mgh akh eg| xbf mggh ge bot joccogkt ge jfkxaccy |fxa|hfh

dboch|fk# tg cgkm at }f lgxb tbgvch couf+‚

O bauf a eo|j lfcofe xbax xbf Cg|h ~cakkfh jy coef akh jfakx eg|

Jfcghy xg lf jy dboch+ Bf| okoxoac hoamkgtot ge l|aok ok`v|y hoh kgx tbaxxf| jf lfdavtf ax xbf tajf xojf }f }f|f ahuotfh xbax xbf|f }at bfc~ auaocalcf+

]f }f|f |fcofufh xg eokaccy |fdfouf aky hoamkgtot# lfdavtf }f bah ikg}k

eg| qvoxf tgjf xojf xbax xbf|f }at tgjfxbokm }|gkm }oxb Jfcghy+

O aj dgkuokdfh xbax Jfcghy ikg}t xbax xbot lggi }occ bfc~ gxbf|t+ O

bauf kfuf| hgkf akyxbokm tg hoeeodvcx! O aj a jgxbf| }oxb a txg|y xg xfcc+

O tba|f ox ok a bvjlcf# ~|ayf|evc }ay ok g|hf| xg tbfh tgjf combx gk xbf

coef ge jy –~|fdogvt akmfc‚ }bgj Mgh mauf xg jf xg x|fatv|f at }fcc at

xg }|oxf algvx tg xbax gxbf| couft jombx lf xgvdbfh ok a ~gtoxouf }ay+





^A\X GKF

EO\TX TXF^T





<1

DBA^XF\ GKF

COEF DGVCHK‟X BAUF LFFK LFXXF\0

JFCGH_‟T LO\XB

T~|okm ok M|ffktlg|g# Kg|xb Da|gcoka }oxb hgm}ggh# |bghghfkh|gk#

xvco~t# akh haeeghoct ok evcc lcggj }at a eao|ycakh ge lfavxy+ Coef dgvchk‟x

bauf lffk lfxxf| eg| jy bvtlakh# @adi# akh jf at }f }f|f a}aoxokm }oxb `gy xbf lo|xb ge gv| tfdgkh dboch+

@adi bah lffk ~|gjgxfh xg Hotx|odx Tdgvx Frfdvxouf }oxb xbf Uaccfy

Eg|mf Lgy Tdgvx Dgvkdoc+ Bauokm lgvmbx a bgjf ok Atxgk Xg}ktbo~#

^fkktycuakoa# @adi }fkx xbf|f xg ~|f~a|f eg| gv| jguf }bocf Joif# gv|

eouf akh a bace yfa| gch tgk# txayfh lfbokh }oxb jf+ Gv| eajocy‟t dcgtftx

e|ofkht akh Joif‟t Mgh~a|fkxt# Ccgyh akh E|akdft Datxf|# oktotxfh xbax

}f txay }oxb xbfj `vtx ok datf gv| tfdgkh laly hfdohfh xg a||ouf fa|cy+

Joif akh O dgvch ba|hcy dgkxaok gv| frdoxfjfkx gk xbf hay xbf Datxf|txggi vt xg xbf ao|~g|x xg ~odi v~ @adi+ Joif |ak akh cfa~x okxg bot Hahhy‟t

a|jt# lfajokm at bf xv|kfh bot eadf eg| frx|a iottft# lvx O }at jguokm

~|fxxy tcg}cy lfdavtf gv| laly }at foxbf| hakdokm g| iodiokm a eggxlacc

oktohf jf+ @adi bah l|gvmbx ~odxv|ft ge gv| kf} xb|ff lfh|ggj bgjf

}oxb ak frx|a |ggj gee xbf ioxdbfk eg| jy hakdf txvhog+

Bf bah jahf ox bgjf ̀ vtx ok xojf# lfdavtf xbf hgdxg| ~cakkfh xg okhvdf

calg| ok xbf geeodf ax 60>> ~+j+ xbf kfrx hay+ Xbf lo|xb akkgvkdfjfkxt

}f|f hftomkfh }oxb a coxxcf Dvl Tdgvx ok lcvf akh yfccg} akh }oxb a coxxcf laccf|oka ok a ~oki xvxv0 xbf gkf }f }gvch tfkh gvx }gvch# ge dgv|tf# lf

hfxf|jokfh ly xbf tfr ge xbf laly# }bodb }gvch kgx lf ikg}k vkxoc xbf

xojf ge lo|xb+





<< CGVOTF ]AHF

Xb|gvmbgvx a kombx xbax tffjfh xg d|ff~ acgkm ok tcg} jgxogk O egvkh

jytfce dbfdiokm xbf dcgdi fuf|y ef} jokvxft at O }aoxfh tcff~cfttcy eg|

haycombx xg a||ouf+ Xbf laly }at ft~fdoaccy adxouf+ ]f |fdgccfdxfh xbf

hay ge Joif‟t lo|xb gk Gdxglf| 16# 1?65 }bfk }f bah xg jaif a cgkmx|o~ e|gj \gakgif \a~oht# Kg|xb Da|gcoka xg Eg|x Cff# Uo|mokoa+ ]f bah

fufk xaifk acgkm gv| ~v~# Xo~~y# gk xbax x|o~ xg xbf bgt~oxac+ Xghay xbf|f

}gvch lf kg cgkm |ohf akh kg hgm addgj~akyokm vt gk xbf x|o~ eg| xbot

tfdgkh lo|xb ok gv| eajocy+ Joif }gvch lf alcf xg fk`gy bot t~fdoac xojf

}oxb Ccgyh akh E|akdft# akh fuf|yxbokm }at fr~fdxfh xg mg tjggxbcy+

Ax cgkm catx# xbf tvk |gtf gk A~|oc <=# 1?5<+ Xbf hay kg} tffjfh xg

|adf ly at }f eokotbfh catx jokvxf f||akht d|oxodac ok xbf ~|f~a|axogk eg|

xbf laly+ Eokaccy @adi akkgvkdfh xbax ox }at xojf eg| vt xg mg# cfauokmJoif ~cakkokm tv~~f| ax JdHgkach‟t }oxb Ccgyh akh E|akdft+

At ~cakkfh# xbf hgdxg|‟t geeodf }at fj~xy tokdf O bah lffk tdbfhvcfh

at bot catx ~axofkx ge xbax hay+ Bf }at mgokm xg l|fai jy ajkogxod ecvoh

tad "–jy }axf|‚/ akh }f }f|f xg bfah |ombx guf| xg xbf bvmf kf} bgt~oxac#

]ftcfy Cgkm# }bodb }at kfa|ly+ Xbf ~|gdfhv|f dgj~cfxfh# }f h|guf

xg xbf bgt~oxac+ O jvxxf|fh kf|ugvtcy xg @adi algvx xbf ca|mf ajgvkx ge

x|aeeod# xg }bodb bf |ft~gkhfh xbax xbf x|aeeod }at ax oxt kg|jac cfufc eg| xbot bgv| ge xbf hay# }bfk }f }f|f kg|jaccy kgx gvx ok xbot a|fa+

Xbf tbg|x fcfuaxg| |ohf ok xbf }bffcdbao| tffjfh coif a cgkm gkf# at

xbf laly a~~fa|fh xg bauf hfdohfh xbax oxt a||ouac xojf jvtx lf tggk+ Aexf|

}f }f|f vtbf|fh xg xbf a~~|g~|oaxf |ggj# O lfmak atiokm eg| jy hgdxg|

fuf|y xojf a kv|tf a~~fa|fh ax xbf hgg|+ Bf bah ~|gjotfh xg dgjf |ombx

xg xbf bgt~oxac }bfk }f hoh# akh O dgvch kgx ojamokf }bax dgvch bauf

hfxaokfh boj eg| tg cgkm+ Fadb kv|tf }gvch mouf ak akt}f| hftomkfh xg

lf dacjokm+ Xbf fufkokm mgx jg|f fufkxevc at O lfmak yfccokm eg| bfc~#tv|f xbax xbf laly }at dgjokm |ombx a}ay+

A kv|tf a~~fa|fh }oxb a tbgx# tayokm xbax xbf hgdxg| }akxfh jf xg

bauf ox akh xbax O }gvch effc lfxxf| ok a ef} jokvxft+ Tbf v|mfh jf xg x|y

xg dacj hg}k+

Xbf kfrx xbokm O ikf}# O }at lfokm a}aifkfh ly xbf hgdxg| mfkxcy

tca~~okm jy dbffit+ O bah a~~a|fkxcy mgkf xg tcff~ aexf| |fdfouokm xbf

ok`fdxogk+ Ok |ft~gktf xg jy bfaxfh qvftxogkokm# xbf hgdxg| taoh# –Dak ygv

tjfcc xbf gkogkt gk jy l|faxb7 Cfx‟t mg!‚ Ox a~~fa|fh xbax bf bah lffkfk`gyokm bot hokkf| }bocf O e|akxodaccy a}aoxfh bot ~|ftfkdf+

Jy kfrx jfjg|y ot xbax xbf kfrx hay xbfy l|gvmbx jf jy xoky laly

mo|c+ Tgvkh atcff~ akh ~fadfevc at ak akmfc# tbf bah ha|i dv|cy bao|+

Guf|dgjf }oxb `gy akh m|axoxvhf# O dbfdifh fuf|y okdb ge bf| at O tgexcy





<4JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

d|ofh akh ~|ayfh+ O‟h ~|ayfh dgvkxcftt ~|ayf|t eg| xbot frx|ag|hoka|y okeakx#

akh xbf Cg|h bah lcfttfh vt }oxb a lfavxy+

@adi bv||ofh ok xg jffx gv| kf} havmbxf| akh |f~g|xfh xbax Joif akh

xbf Datxf|t }f|f uf|y frdoxfh akh akrogvt xg jffx bf|+ @adi xgch jf xbaxxbf hgdxg| taoh bf bah moufk jf fkgvmb mat xg ikgdi gvx a bg|tf! Bf

|f~g|xfh xbax xbf laly }gvch bauf }fombfh tor ~gvkht# lvx xbax tbf bah

v|okaxfh akh dgktfqvfkxcy }fombfh gkcy eouf ~gvkht# eoexffk gvkdft+

@adi atifh oe jgxbf| akh laly }f|f lgxb giay# akh O |f~g|xfh xbax }f

}f|f lgxb eokf+ O }at txocc tcff~y# akh xbf laly bah tcf~x xbf fkxo|f xojf

tbf }at }oxb jf+ O eomv|fh ox }at xgg tggk eg| bf| xg kv|tf+ Joif bah a

evcc hay ge evk ~cakkfh }oxb xbf Datxf|t+

At }f tx|gccfh tcg}cy v~ xbf bacc xg xbf kv|tf|y# }f }bot~f|fh algvx gv| `gy+ ]bocf xbf|f }f|f jaky laloft ok xbf kv|tf|y# }f kgxodfh

xbax xbf da|h }at eoccfh gvx gk gkcy gkf# gv| Jfcghy+ ]f xbgvmbx xbot

a lox vkvtvac# lvx kfuf| atifh aky qvftxogkt algvx xbf |fatgk+ Kv|tft

|f~g|xfh xbax Jfcghy kfuf| d|ofh# akh tbf tcf~x acc xbf xojf+ Tbf fufk

tcf~x fadb xojf xbfy l|gvmbx bf| xg jf xg kv|tf+ Bauokm kv|tfh Joif#

O efcx dgkeohfkx ok jy alocoxoft akh dgkdf|kfh algvx xbf toxvaxogk+ O

xgch @adi xbax Jfcghy akh O }f|f lgxb tcff~okm jg|f xbak fuf|# akh xbax Jfcghy kfuf| tvdifh ax acc+ @adi x|ofh xg fkdgv|amf jf akh lf

g~xojotxod at bf |fattv|fh jf xbax }f }gvch lf bgjf ok a ef} hayt akh

xbax xbokmt }gvch }g|i gvx+ Bf hoh am|ff xbax bf ~|glalcy kffhfh xg

ati tgjf qvftxogkt algvx xbf fkg|jgvt ajgvkx ge mat xbax O bah lffk

moufk ly xbf hgdxg|+

Gkdf }f mgx bgjf# Joif egvkh xbax lfokm a lom l|gxbf| }at a lom hfac

xg boj+ Bf }at guf|`gyfh xg jffx bot laly totxf|# vtbf|fh ok fuf|ygkf

}bg dajf xg tff gv| kf} a||ouac# akh txvdi gvx bot dbftx akh l|ammfh xgakygkf }bg }gvch cotxfk+

–Coxxcf Jott Jfcghy‚ txocc dgvchk‟x tvdi# kfuf| d|ofh# akh dgkxokvfh xg

cgtf }fombx+ O lfmak ho~~okm jy eokmf| ok Ia|g Ty|v~ akh ~vxxokm ox okxg

bf| jgvxb xg adxouaxf xbf tvdiokm |fecfr lfeg|f fuf|y effhokm+ Xbot }at

jy coxxcf tfd|fx }bodb O efcx kg gkf fctf kffhfh xg ikg}+ O }at guf|`gyfh

}bfk O bah eomv|fh gvx bg} xg `vj~ xbax bv|hcf+ O tfx xbf aca|j dcgdi

xg oktv|f xbax tbf }at efh gk tdbfhvcf+ Xbf Ia|g Ty|v~ x|odi bfc~fh xg

jaokxaok bf| }fombx+ Ox }at yfa|t caxf| }bfk O cfa|kfh xbf xf|j –g|actxojvcaxogk#‚ lvx }baxfuf| ox }at# ox }g|ifh akh O }at fdtxaxod+

]oxb Jfcghy eokaccy faxokm }fcc# }f ~adifh xbf da| ok ~|f~a|axogk

eg| xbf jguf+ Lohhokm gv| e|ofkht mggh lyf# }f }f|f gee xg ̂ fkktycuakoa

eg| jg|f m|fax ahufkxv|ft+





<8

DBA^XF\ X]G

]F‟\F GK GV\ ]A_

Xbf da| x|o~ xg ^fkktycuakoa ok Jay 1?5< }at a cgkm gkf+ Fufk xbax

}at a lcfttokm# bg}fuf|# lfdavtf ox accg}fh ~cfkxy ge lgkhokm xojf eg|

Jfcghy akh jf+ Gv| Eoax }at gk a x|aocf| axxadbfh xg xbf boxdb ge xbf

txaxogk }amgk+ Gv| hgm# Bvdi# |ghf ok xbf Eoax akh tgjfxojft ~vx bot

~a}t gk xbf txff|okm }bffc at xbgvmb h|ouokm# davtokm cavmbxf| e|gj mattxaxogk axxfkhakxt akh gxbf|t }f fkdgvkxf|fh gk xbf |gah+

Xbf |ftx ge xbf eajocy |ghf ok gv| lcvf Eg|h txaxogk }amgk+ ]oxb xbf

ladi tfax hg}k# ox ~|guohfh ~cfkxy ge |ggj eg| Joif xg ~cay at }fcc at

|ggj eg| a lfh eg| Jfcghy+ ]f xbgvmbx }f }f|f |faccy tgjfxbokm# tokdf O

bah jahf lcvf ~occg}datft# lfht~|fah akh dv|xaokt xbax jaxdbfh xbf da|!

Gv| ^fkktycuakoa kfomblg|t dajf guf| |ombx a}ay xg }fcdgjf vt+

Ja|oak# jgxbf| ge egv| lgyt# a||oufh }oxb a bvmf daif+ Tbf }bot~f|fh

xg Jfcghy }bocf |gdiokm bf|# xfccokm bf| xbax tbf cggifh coif a hgcc ok bf| ~oki gvxeox# akh xbax tbf }at a |fac –dvxof ~of+‚ ]f efcx coif }f lfcgkmfh

akh }f|f lcfttfh }oxb m|fax kfomblg|t+ X}g ge xbf eajocoft bah laloft

kfa| Jfcghy‟t amf akh egv| bah lgyt ge Joif‟t amf+

Xbf mcattfh*ok ~g|db ge gv| kf} bgjf jahf a ~f|efdx hakdf txvhog+

]f bvkm gvx xbf tbokmcf akh txfkdocfh hakdf|t gk bgjfjahf dv|xaokt+

Jgxbf|t tggk |fmotxf|fh xbfo| dboch|fk eg| cfttgkt+

@adi box xbf m|gvkh |vkkokm ax bot kf} `gl# Joif tffjfh ba~~y akh

txayfh lvty }oxb bot kf} e|ofkht# akh xbf hgg|lfcc |akm e|gj jg|kokmvkxoc kombx+ Joif bah `vtx cfex eg| xbf ~a|i }bfk O |fdfoufh a dacc e|gj

E|ak JdDcfa|y# ak geeodf| ok xbf ^a|fkx Xfadbf| Attgdoaxogk "^+X+A+/ ax

Joif‟t kf} tdbggc+ Acxbgvmb }f bah kfuf| jfx# tbf bah bfa|h algvx jf

akh jy hakdf txvhog+ Tbf }akxfh xg dgjf akh xaci }oxb jf algvx xbf





<6JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

^+X+A+‟t akkvac evkh|aotokm ~|g`fdx# }bodb }at xg lf a ~cay# ^caok akh

Eakdy# a jvtodac algvx xbf Ajotb dgjjvkoxy+ Ox }at xg lf a tbg} }oxb

cgxt ge jvtod# tokmokm# akh hakdokm+ Tokdf dbg|fgm|a~by }at a ~attogk ge

jokf# O am|ffh xg jffx }oxb bf| akh bfc~ ok aky }ay ~gttolcf+ Lfdgjokma ~a|x ge gv| kfomblg|bggh akh dgjjvkoxy tg qvodicy jahf xbot jguf a

tjggxb x|aktoxogk eg| xbf fkxo|f eajocy+

Jfcghy }at xbf `gy ge gv| couft+ Tbf bah a uf|y t}ffx hot~gtoxogk#

akh }f fk`gyfh fuf|yxbokm algvx bf|+ Tbf kfuf| d|ofh akh tffjfh xg lf

uf|y dgkxfkx }oxb bf|tfce akh coef ok mfkf|ac+ Fufk tg# ok jy jgxbf|‟t

bfa|x O }at x|gvlcfh+ O bah kgxodfh xbax# acxbgvmb tbf }at a uf|y mggh

laly# tbf }at kgx |fadbokm xbf jocftxgkft at bf| l|gxbf| Joif bah hgkf+

O lfdajf fufk jg|f dgkdf|kfh }bfk O xacifh }oxb jy totxf| algvx bf| havmbxf| Hflg|ab# }bg }at gkcy x}g jgkxbt gchf| xbak Jfcghy lvx }at

}ay abfah ge bf| hfufcg~jfkxaccy+

@adi fj~axbopfh }oxb jf# akh dgj~cojfkxfh jf gk xbf ajgvkx ge

xojf O }at t~fkhokm }oxb bf|+ O |fah xg bf|# hoh evk kv|tf|y |byjft# ta}

xbax tbf bah ~cayjaxft akh xbax bf| hayt }f|f eoccfh }oxb fk`gyalcf akh

txojvcaxokm adxouoxoft+ @adi ikf} xbax O bah fr~|fttfh jy dgkdf|k xg

Jfcghy‟t dv||fkx ~fhoax|odoak# lvx fkdgv|amfh jf xg effc e|ff xg dgktvcxakgxbf| hgdxg| oe O efcx xbf kffh xg hg tg+

Xbf jgkxbt dgkxokvfh xg ~att+ Joif cgufh tdbggc# akh bot xfadbf|

|f~g|xfh xbax bf }at a jaxv|f# ba|h}g|iokm# akh }fcc*lfbaufh tor yfa|

gch+ Jfcghy cgufh ox }bfk xbf txvhfkxt dajf eg| xbfo| hakdf cfttgkt# akh

}aufh bf| bakht xg xbf lfax ge xbf jvtod+ Tbf akh O dgkxokvfh xg bauf

~cfkxy ge gkf gk gkf ~cay xojf# cfa|kokm akh fk`gyokm e|ofkht+ ]f ta} coxxcf

~|gm|ftt# bg}fuf|# hft~oxf acc xbf frx|a axxfkxogk lfokm moufk xg bf|+

O }at uf|y t~fdoeod }oxb xbf jaky hgdxg|t }f dgktvcxfh hv|okm xbotxojf+ Tbf }at kgx axxfj~xokm xg d|ff~ g| d|a}c# akh O fufk bah xg ~vx

bf| cfmt ok xbf lvmmy eg| xbf |ohf ax xbf ja|ifx+ Xbfy acc am|ffh xbax tbf

}at hfeokoxfcy tcg}# lvx v|mfh vt xg `vtx mouf bf| jg|f xojf+ O hotdvttfh

ok dgkeohfkdf Jfcghy‟t cadi ge ~|gm|ftt }oxb tfcfdx kfomblg|t }bg bah

tjacc dboch|fk+ Xbfy# xgg# attv|fh jf xbax Jfcghy }at ~|glalcy ̀ vtx eokf#

lvx hoh kgx hotdgv|amf jf e|gj bauokm bf| dbfdifh ly gxbf| hgdxg|t+

Gkf aexf|kggk @adi bah xaifk gee }g|i fa|cy xg mg }oxb vt xg yfx

akgxbf| hgdxg|+ Bf bah lffk bombcy |fdgjjfkhfh# akh yfx dbfdifh Jfcghy }oxbgvx tayokm a }g|h+ Bf xacifh }oxb @adi ~|ouaxfcy }bocf O }at

mfxxokm bf| h|fttfh aexf| xbf frajokaxogk+

Ox }at kgx vkxoc caxf| ok xbf fufkokm }bfk O cfa|kfh xbf hfxaoct ge xbax

dgkuf|taxogk+ Xbax hgdxg| latodaccy lcajfh Jfcghy‟t cadi ge jgufjfkx





<5 CGVOTF ]AHF

gk jy akrofxy# }bodb bf taoh xbax Jfcghy tfktfh+ O ikf} xbax O }at a

mggh jgxbf|# akh jy |ft~gktf xg xbax hgdxg|‟t g~okogk }at kgx ~cfatakx+

]bfk gv| e|ofkht }f|f xgch ge xbf hgdxg|‟t dgkuf|taxogk }oxb @adi# xbfy#

xgg# }f|f ecallf|matxfh+At ~a|x ge bot `gl# @adi xggi Vkoxfh ]ay dgkx|olvxg|t xg acc xbfo|

amfkdoft+ Gk a uotox xg gkf ge xbftf amfkdoft# xbf Df|fl|ac ^acty Dcokod#

@adi kgxodfh xbax xbf|f }f|f dboch|fk vkalcf xg jguf# coif Jfcghy#

akh xbax xbfy }f|f cyokm gk jaxt gk xbf ecgg|+ Ahvcxt }f|f jguokm xbf

dboch|fk‟t frx|fjoxoft# akh @adi }gkhf|fh }by+ Tokdf }f dgvch kgx tffj

xg mfx ahfqvaxf jfhodac fr~cakaxogkt fctf}bf|f# }f hfdohfh xg egccg}

v~ xbf|f+

Ox }at @vkf 1?54# akh Jfcghy ax egv|xffk jgkxbt }at txocc vkalcf xgjguf bf| cfmt+ Bf| xoky bakht }f|f eotxfh# jaiokm aky xy~f ge kg|jac

xghhcf| adxouoxy oj~gttolcf+ O efcx xbax O }gvch lf kfmcomfkx at a jgxbf|

oe O hoh kgx iff~ tfa|dbokm vkxoc O egvkh tgjf akt}f|t+

@adi daccfh xbf Df|fl|ac ^acty Dcokod# akh bf }at ho|fdxfh xg l|okm

Jfcghy ok eg| ak attfttjfkx+ ]f }f|f uf|y frdoxfh akh bah bomb bg~ft

xbax gv| qvftx xg bfc~ gv| havmbxf| }at eokaccy jguokm eg|}a|h+ Jfcghy

}at acc h|fttfh v~ ok bf| ~oki akh }boxf dboeegk lo|xbhay h|ftt+ Aexf| jaiokm a h|ouf eoccfh }oxb cgxt ge x|aeeod akh lvty ~fg~cf# }f eokaccy

a||oufh ax xbf Dcokod+

O xggi a hff~ l|faxb }bocf tayokm a tocfkx ~|ayf|+ ]f qvodicy tfxxcfh

hg}k ok xbf lvochokm akh @adi xggi Jfcghy e|gj jy a|jt+ Aexf| okoxoac

okx|ghvdxogkt# }f fr~caokfh gv| m|fax dgkdf|k guf| Jfcghy‟t toxvaxogk+ O

|facopf kg} xbax O }at adxvaccy lfmmokm ~oxoevccy eg| bfc~+

\fxv|kokm }oxb a ca|mf txadi ge eg|jt }bodb }f }f|f atifh xg

dgj~cfxf }oxb at jvdb hfxaoc at ~gttolcf# xbf |fdf~xogkotx akkgvkdfh xbax H|+ \glf|x Hgjak }gvch tff vt ax 40>> ~+j+ @adi akh O }bot~f|fh

qvofxcy at }f hotdvttfh gv| akt}f|t akh dgj~cfxfh fadb qvftxogk+ ]oxb xbf

~a~f|}g|i dgj~cfxfh akh Jfcghy tkggpokm gk jy tbgvchf|# O xv|kfh jy

dgkdfkx|axogk xg ~|ayf|+ O }at tg m|axfevc xbax ax catx }f‟h egvkh tgjfgkf

}bg }gvch cotxfk xg vt akh egdvt gk Jfcghy‟t dgkhoxogk+

Ax cgkm catx }f egvkh gv|tfcuft eadf xg eadf }oxb H|+ \glf|x Hgjak#

}bg tffjfh |ombx a}ay xg tba|f gv| dgkdf|k+ Bf xgch vt xbax bf bah

|fuof}fh gv| ~a~f|t akh ojjfhoaxfcy lfmak xbf bfah xg xgf frajokaxogkge Jfcghy+ Bf dgjjfkxfh xbax }f }f|f }otf xg bauf dgkxokvfh gv| tfa|db

eg| bfc~# at bf tvt~fdxfh xbax Jfcghy bah ax tgjf ~gokx ok xojf tvtxaokfh

a l|aok ok`v|y+ ]f }gvch okoxoaccy egdvt gk }bax }f dgvch hg |ombx a}ay+

]f }f|f xgch algvx xbfo| –~axxf|kokm ~|gm|aj‚ }bodb }gvch |fqvo|f a cgx





<=JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

ge }g|i akh xojf# lvx }bodb bf efcx dgvch jaif a tomkoeodakx hoeef|fkdf

ok gv| havmbxf|‟t coef+ H|+ Hgjak actg okxfkhfh xg |fef| vt xg H|+ Fvmfkf

T~oxp# a ~fhoax|od kfv|gtv|mfgk ok Jfhoa# ^fkktycuakoa# }bg }gvch |vk

a laxxf|y ge xftxt+O lfmak xg ufkx xbax }f bah ac|fahy tffk tfuf|ac hgdxg|t akh qvftxogkfh

}by }f bah kgx lffk xgch xbot fa|cof|+ @adi# fuf| xbf dacj akh ~|adxodac

gkf# fkdgv|amfh jf xg egdvt gk xbf ~|ftfkx akh xbf xbf|a~y abfah+

H|+ Hgjak tba|fh bot ~cakt xg tfkh vt xg Xbf Oktxoxvxft eg| xbf

Adbofufjfkx ge Bvjak ^gxfkxoac ok Dbftxkvx Bocct# ^fkktycuakoa+ Bf

bojtfce }at ~a|x ge xbf xfaj xbf|f# akh bot l|gxbf|# Mcfkk# bah ftxalcotbfh

ak g|makopaxogk hfhodaxfh xg jaiokm ioht coif Jfcghy }fcc+ Jfcghy }at

xg lf xv|kfh guf| xg xbf m|gv~ ok H|+ Hgjak‟t geeodf xbf tajf hay xbax bfokoxoaccy ta} vt akh xbfy }gvch mouf vt tgjf latod jaxf|oact xbax }f }gvch

kffh+ Xojf }at a ify eadxg|# at Jfcghy bah a cgx ge daxdbokm v~ xg hg+

O efcx m|fax |fcofe akh fkxbvtoatj# jy xfa|t h|ofh v~# akh jy

hfxf|jokaxogk akh fkf|my iodifh ok at }f jgufh xg xbf xbf|a~y |ggj+ Ok

xbf xbf|a~y |ggj# O ojjfhoaxfcy qvftxogkfh }by ~fg~cf }f|f jguokm a

coxxcf lgy }bg }at gk a xalcf akh td|fajokm+

Akk# a ~|fxxy lcgkhf ~bytodac xbf|a~otx dajf xg}a|h vt akh tjocfh ax Jfcghy# ax xbf tajf xojf akt}f|okm jy qvftxogk+ Tbf fr~caokfh xbax

kg|jac laloft vtf xbfo| a|jt akh cfmt ok a bgjgcaxf|ac "jfakokm gkf

tohf ge xbf lghy/ ~axxf|k jguokm gk xbfo| xvjjoft ad|gtt xbf ecgg|0 ox

ot |ombx cfm# |ombx a|j# xbfk cfex cfm# cfex a|j+ Tbf mauf vt ak occvtx|axogk

akh ho|fdxogkt# xfccokm vt ox }at uoxac xg ac}ayt l|vtb bf| bakht g~fk

fadb xojf+ ]bfk }f jatxf|fh xbot# }f }gvch jguf gk xg xbf d|gtt

~axxf|k0 |ombx a|j# cfex cfm acgkm }oxb cfex a|j# |ombx cfm+ Gkdf xbot ot

jatxf|fh# a ~f|tgk xbfk ot alcf xg d|ff~# d|a}c# }aci# |vk# akh jguf oka dgg|hokaxfh eatbogk+

@adi akh O |fdaccfh bauokm bgjf jguoft ge Joif hgokm xbot at bf

|a~ohcy jgufh xg}a|h a ~cvm }bodb bf }at ac}ayt frdoxfh xg |fadb+

Akk }at ~cfatfh xbax }f ac|fahy vkhf|txggh xbf dgkdf~xt+ Ox }at xbfo|

~cak eg| Jfcghy xbax }f }gvch tv~f|oj~gtf bgjgcaxf|ac jgufjfkx+

Tbf fr~caokfh xbax xbf vkhajamfh ~a|x ge xbf l|aok xaift guf| eg| xbf

hajamfh# akh |f~g|xfh xbax xbfy bah fr~f|ofkdfh frdfccfkx |ftvcxt }bfk

xbot }at hgkf fuf|y hay+@adi akh O lgxb frdoxfhcy atifh oe Akk }gvch }axdb vt axxfj~x xbot

~|gdfhv|f |ombx xbfk# at }f }f|f jgtx akrogvt xg mfx txa|xfh kg} xbax

}f eokaccy bah a ~cak ge adxogk+ Tbf am|ffh xg xaci vt xb|gvmb xbf toj~cf

~|gdfhv|f# xfccokm vt xbax acxbgvmb tgjf dboch|fk eombx ox ok xbf lfmokkokm#





<2 CGVOTF ]AHF

xbf ~|gdfhv|f hgft kgx bv|x xbfj ax acc+ O }at atifh oe O }akxfh xg hg

Jfcghy‟t bfah g| tohf+ O dbgtf xbf bfah+

Ikg}okm xbax Jfcghy }at uf|y tfktoxouf algvx |fahokm jy lghy

cakmvamf# O mauf jytfce a tocfkx yfx txf|k ~f~ xaci# xfccokm jytfce xg ikgdi gee xbf ~akod akh xfa|t }fccokm v~ ok jy fyft# akh mfx jy adx xgmfxbf|+

O xggi Jfcghy e|gj @adi‟t a|jt# iottokm bf| akh bvmmokm bf| xg jy

bfa|x# xbfk xgch bf| xbax tbf kffhfh xg cof hg}k+ At O xv|kfh bf| bfah

e|gj tohf xg tohf# }oxb jy eadf `vtx okdbft a}ay# O takm tgexcy# –Xbot ot

xbf }ay }f jaif ygv }fcc# jaif ygv }fcc# jaif ygv }fcc+ Xbot ot xbf

}ay }f jaif ygv }fcc tg fa|cy ok xbf hayxojf+‚

Jfcghy# lcfttfh }oxb bf| Hahhy‟t faty mgokm# mgft }oxb xbf ecg}

xfj~f|ajfkx# }at ~f|efdx xb|gvmb xbot ~|gdfhv|f+ Gkdf amaok# O }atoj~|fttfh bg} Mgh }g|it ok jytxf|ogvt }ayt+ Bf ikf} }bax }f kffhfh

akh l|gvmbx vt xg xbot ~cadf# akh O efcx xbax Jfcghy oktxokdxoufcy efcx Bot

T~o|ox+ Jy bfa|x }at gkdf amaok eoccfh }oxb m|axoxvhf ax xbf mgghkftt ge

Mgh+

Fuf|ygkf dbff|fh qvofxcy ax xbf fkh ge xbf tvddfttevc eouf*jokvxf

tfttogk+ Akk hfdca|fh xbax Jfcghy }gvch hg `vtx eokf# akh @adi ~|aotfh

Jfcghy bfa|xocy+Acxbgvmb xbf aexf|kggk }at kfa|cy guf|# Akk ahuotfh vt xbax }f

kffhfh oktx|vdxogkt eg| gkf jg|f xati+ Acxbgvmb xbf ~axxf|kokm xaift xb|ff

~fg~cf# }f }f|f xgch xbax H|+ Hgjak actg |fdgjjfkhfh xbf –jatiokm#‚

}bodb O }gvch ~|glalcy hg ly jytfce+ Tbf mauf jf a coxxcf jati xbax O

}gvch kffh xg ~vx guf| Jfcghy‟t kgtf akh jgvxb eg| eg|xy*eouf tfdgkht

fuf|y bgv|+

Acxbgvmb O ikf} O dgvch ~f|eg|j xbot xati fatocy fkgvmb# O efcx jy

vtvac kffh xg ikg} }by O }gvch lf hgokm ox+ Akk fr~caokfh xbax# tokdfdboch|fk coif Jfcghy }f|f vkalcf xg frf|dotf g| mfx gvx ge l|faxb# xbfo|

cvkmt kfuf| eocc }oxb ao|+ Grymfk ot kgx gkcy kgv|otbjfkx eg| xbf l|aok#

uoxac eg| |fdguf|y# lvx actg jay ~|fufkx |ft~o|axg|y ~|glcfjt+ O atifh ok

a ugodf xgg cg} eg| Jfcghy xg bfa| oe tbf }gvch lf coifcy xg ~vcc gee xbf

jati# mfx v~tfx# effc tjgxbf|fh# g| e ombx amaoktx ox+ Bauokm kgxodfh bg} O

bah dgjeg|xfh Jfcghy xb|gvmb xbf ~axxf|kokm tfttogk fa|cof|# Akk tffjfh

xg xboki xbax }f }gvch hg `vtx eokf oe O hfuotfh a tojoca| adxouoxy eg| xbf

jatiokm+ @adi am|ffh# fr~|fttokm bg} Jfcghy tffjfh xg bauf a torxbtfktf }bfk ox dajf xg dcfa|cy |fahokm jy fjgxogkt+ O }at ahuotfh xbax#

oe O xggi xbf ~|gdfhv|f ok tx|ohf# Jfcghy }at coifcy xg hg xbf tajf+

Akk bakhfh jf xbf jati akh xgch jf xg mouf ox a x|y+ Dguf|okm

Jfcghy‟t kgtf akh jgvxb }oxb xbf jati# O }axdbfh xbf tfdgkh bakh





<?JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

jguokm a|gvkh xbf dcgdi+ O dcodifh jy xgkmvf akh dgdifh jy bfah e|gj

tohf xg tohf }oxb fadb ~attokm tfdgkh+ Jfcghy‟t fyft }f|f mcvfh gk jy

tjocokm eadf at O axxfj~xfh akh tvddffhfh ok jaiokm xbot a qvodi# evk

adxouoxy+ Akk }at uf|y ~cfatfh+ O hoh a coxxcf dbff| eg| Jfcghy }oxb jy |ombxa|j tbggxokm v~+ Xb|gvmbgvx bf| fkxo|f coef# xbot ~|fdogvt mo|c bat xavmbx

vt xg lf dbff|cfahf|t² }bf|fuf| akh }bfkfuf|+ Ox bat lffk ̀ vtx gkf ge bf|

jaky ~|odfcftt moext }oxb kg tx|okmt axxadbfh xbax }occ catx eg|fuf|+

Akk fkdgv|amfh vt ly xfccokm vt xbax tbf efcx }f }f|f mgokm xg hg

}fcc+ Tbf txaxfh xbax gv| ~gtoxouf axxoxvhf akh a~~|gadb }at fradxcy }bax

gv| coxxcf mo|c kffhfh+ Tbf davxogkfh vt xbax }f }gvch bauf a m|fax hfac xg

cfa|k akh xg hg# lvx fr~|fttfh bf| mfkvokf lfcofe xbax xbf ~|gm|aj ax Xbf

Oktxoxvxft }gvch bfc~ gv| dboch+ Acxbgvmb xbf|f }f|f kg mva|akxfft# tbf|f~g|xfh xbax xbf ~|gm|aj ax Xbf Oktxoxvxft }at xbf jgtx dgj~|fbfktouf

~|gm|aj }g|ch*}ohf |fma|hcftt ge xbf tfuf|oxy ge xbf l|aok ok`v|y# akh

xbax xbfy bah tffk |fja|ialcf ~|gm|ftt xbf|f+

Xbot }at df|xaokcy –a kf} hay‚ eg| xbf ]ahf eajocy+ Oktxfah ge

egdvtokm gk }bax Jfcghy dgvch kgx hg# xbf xgxac axxfkxogk }at xbf|a~y xg

jaif bf| }fcc# }bodb }at x|vcy ak akt}f| xg gv| ~|ayf|t+ Kfoxbf| ge vt

fuf| hgvlxfh gv| alocoxoft g| dgjjoxjfkx xg egccg} xb|gvmb gkf bvkh|fh ~f|dfkx ge xbf xojf+ ]f }f|f frx|fjfcy |fcofufh xbax xbf|f }f|f kg tbgxt

g| gxbf| jfhodaxogkt xg lf ~vx okxg bf| coxxcf lghy+ Xbf ~bocgtg~by }at

tgcfcy xg vxocopf fuf|y vkhajamfh l|aok dfcc+

]oxb gv| mgac xg hg acc xbax }at bvjakcy ~gttolcf xg bfc~ gv| havmbxf|#

O }at akrogvt xg mfx txa|xfh xbax uf|y kombx+ @adi xgch jf xg mg abfah akh

jaif jy cotx ge xbf jaxf|oact }f }gvch kffh xg lfmok xbf ~axxf|kokm9 O bah

ac|fahy eomv|fh gvx }bodb txg|f }gvch bauf fuf|yxbokm }f kffhfh+ Xbf

ja`g| oxfjt kffhfh }f|f a xalcf topfh jax akh a lcvf goc dcgxb dguf|okmxg jaxdb gv| ^fkktycuakoa Hvxdb dv|xaokt xbax O bah jahf+

Gk gv| }ay bgjf O iottfh xbf tcff~okm Jfcghy akh }bot~f|fh xg bf|

tgexcy xbax tbf }gvch d|a}c# d|ff~# }aci akh xaci+ O dgvch effc xbf ~|ftfkdf

ge xbf Cg|h# akh ikf} ok jy bfa|x akh tgvc xbax Bf }gvch dgkxokvf xg lf

}oxb vt fuf|y txf~ ge xbf }ay+

]f }f|f okhffh gk gv| }ay! Gv| bgjf lfdajf xbf bfa|x ge okxfktouf

xbf|a~y akh Jfcghy |ft~gkhfh xg gv| feeg|xt akh fkf|my+ Gv| couokm |ggj#

}bodb }at xbf dfkxf| ge jvdb bvjjokm adxouoxy# |fjaokfh }a|j akh }fcdgjokm lvx }at actg dcfa|cy xbf|a~fvxod+ ]f jgufh acc xbf ev|koxv|f

gvx ge xbf couokm |ggj frdf~x xbf dgvdb akh dbao|+ O dvx gvx ~odxv|ft akh

~cadfh xbfj a|gvkh xbf ecgg|lga|h tg Jfcghy }gvch bauf a |fatgk xg

d|a}c+ O ~cakkfh xg fkdgv|amf bf| xg mg tff xbf ua|ogvt akojact ~odxv|fh





4> CGVOTF ]AHF

xbf|f+ @adi ikf} jf }fcc fkgvmb xg dgjjfkx xbax O }gvch coifcy lf hgokm

hoeef|fkx daxfmg|oft ge ~odxv|ft akh okugcuokm xbf ~axxf|kf|t }oxb xbot

adxouoxy+ Bf dgjjfkxfh xbax jy d|faxouoxy }gvch ~ay gee at }f txojvcaxfh

Jfcghy‟t jokh }oxb bf| lghy+ O bfa|xocy am|ffh xbax }f }gvch tx|fxdb bf| xg |fadb bf| jarojvj ~gxfkxoac+ Xbf a|x maccf|y acgkm xbf ecgg|lga|h }at

a box }oxb fuf|ygkf akh tv|fcy hfd|fatfh lg|fhgj gk xbf ecgg|+ Joif mgx

adxoufcy okugcufh ok xbf ~|gdftt ly fkdgv|amokm bot totxf| xg dgjf cggi

ax xbf ua|ogvt ~odxv|ft+

Gv| e|ofkh Ja|oak }at a xfaj cfahf| eg| a ~axxf|kokm m|gv~+ ]bfk

tbf a||oufh gkf hay O tba|fh }oxb bf| jy hotdguf|y xbax bauokm xfkkot

tbgft gk bfc~fh Jfcghy hom bf| effx okxg xbf ecgg| a coxxcf+

Aexf| }f ~axxf|kfh akh O jatifh Jfcghy# }f }f|f ladi gk xbf ecgg| at tfuf|ac qvftxogkt xvjlcfh e|gj Ja|oak‟t jgvxb+ At xfaj cfahf|# tbf

}akxfh xg hg xbf lftx tbf dgvch xg fr~caok tgjf ge xbf hfxaoct ge xbf

~|gm|aj xg gxbf|t+ Tbf txaxfh xbax a cgx ge ~fg~cf ok gv| a|fa bah |fah

algvx xbf Hgjak*Hfcadaxg ^|gm|aj ok xbf kf}t~a~f|+ Tbf atifh oe O bah

cfa|kfh bg} ox txa|xfh akh }by xbfy }f|f hgokm ox+

O xgch bf| xbax O bah bfa|h xbax xbf hgdxg|t }g|ifh }oxb tgchof|t }bg

|fxv|kfh e|gj xbf }a| }oxb l|aok hajamf akh xbax xbf ~axxf|kokm }at a}ay xg l|ohmf e|gj xbf hajamfh xg vkhajamfh# kgx hfah# dfcct ok xbf

l|aok+ Xbf tv~f|oj~gtfh jgufjfkxt fj~g}f| xbf ~f|tgk xg jguf amaok+

O }at mcah xbax xbf|f bah lffk kg dgkuf|taxogk algvx ~vxxokm l|adft gk

Jfcghy‟t cfmt# bf| }fa|okm dg||fdxouf tbgft# g| bauokm tv|mf|y eg| bo~

tgdifxt+

O ev|xbf| fr~caokfh xg Ja|oak xbax }f }gvch jguf Jfcghy‟t bfah

tojvcxakfgvtcy akh |byxbjodaccy }oxb xbf v~~f| frx|fjoxoft akh xbax

}f }f|f kg} hgokm bgjgcaxf|ac+ Xbf tfktg|y ok~vx dgktxoxvxft xbfiokftxbfxod txojvco okbf|fkx ok bvjak jgufjfkxt+ Ja|oak efcx xbax xbf

xfajt hoh okhffh kffh xbf fr~cakaxogkt eg| acc xbot# ft~fdoaccy hvf xg tgjf

~vlcodoxy dgkdf|kokm xbf ~|gm|aj+ Acxbgvmb xbf ~|gm|aj hoh kgx vtf xbf

xf|j –df|fl|ac ~acty#‚ xbax ot xbf xf|j vtfh eg| jglocoxy ~|glcfjt+ Xbfy

lfcofuf ox‟t kgx a hoamkgtot lvx oktxfah a hftd|o~xogk ge a df|xaok xy~f ge

l|aok*ok`v|fh okhouohvac+ O |facopfh xbax ox }at okhffh mgokm xg lf d|oxodac

xbax gv| xfaj ge ~axxf|kf|t |facopf }bax }f bah cfa|kfh akh }by }f }f|f

hgokm }bax }f }f|f hgokm+Ja|oak }fkx gk xg fr~|ftt dgkdf|k xbax# ~a|xodvca|cy ok xbf a|fa ok

}bodb }f coufh# xbf|f }f|f a cgx ge a|xodcft fj~batopokm xbax xbf Ajf|odak

Adahfjy ge ^fhoax|odt at }fcc at xbf Ajf|odak Jfhodac Attgdoaxogk

}f|f ahajakxcy dgkhfjkokm xbf |fcaxoufcy kf} ~|gm|aj+ O dgkefttfh





41JFCGH_‟T MOEXT

xbax ox hoh }g||y jf a coxxcf xbax xbf|f }f|f kg uacoh txvhoft xg dgkeo|j

xbax xbfo| jfxbght }f|f tvddfttevc+ Bg}fuf|# O efcx O bah kg dbgodf lvx

xg dgkxokvf lfdavtf Jfcghy bah oj~|gufh tokdf H|+ \glf|x Hgjak ax

xbf Dbftxf| Df|fl|ac ̂ acty vkox ho|fdxfh vt xbf|f+ Xbfk O eokaccy –cgtx ox#‚d|yokm ~|gevtfcy akh dgkefttokm bg} tda|fh O }at xbax oe Jfcghy hoh kgx

lfdgjf alcf xg }aci# }f }gvch kgx lf alcf xg da|f eg| bf| ax bgjf+ Tokdf

O bah tveef|fh e|gj ~gcog at }fcc at ladi tv|mf|y xbf|f }at altgcvxfcy

kg }ay xbax O }gvch lf alcf xg coex bf| at tbf m|f} ca|mf| akh bf| }fombx

okd|fatfh+ O a~gcgmopfh eg| lfokm tg fjgxogkac# lvx O }at acjgtx e|akxod

xg bfc~ jy dboch d|ff~# d|a}c# akh }aci+

Bvmmokm jf dcgtf# Ja|oak }bot~f|fh }g|ht ge fkdgv|amfjfkx+ Tbf

txaxfh xbax O }at hgokm }bax kffhfh xg lf hgkf# xbax O bah xojf tokdfJfcghy }at txocc tg coxxcf# akh tbf jfkxogkfh gkdf amaok bg} O }at lcfttfh

}oxb ak frx|ag|hoka|y fkf|my cfufc+

O }fkx gk xg fr~|ftt xg Ja|oak bg} xbakievc O }at xbax Jfcghy

lfcgkmfh xg jf lfdavtf O }gvch cfauf kg txgkf vkxv|kfh ok jy feeg|xt

xg bfc~ bf|+ Bauokm lffk ~a|acypfh aexf| ~gcog akh fr~f|ofkdokm coef ok a

}bffcdbao|# O ikf} bg} a}evc ox dgvch lf+ O dgkxokvfh xg fr~|ftt jy uf|y

tx|gkm eaoxb ok Mgh+ O }at kgx alcf xg eokh }g|ht xbax }f|f ahfqvaxf xgfr~|ftt }bax O efcx g| xg fr~caok xbf t~o|oxvacoxy xbax O tfktfh ok Jfcghy#

lvx O tgjfbg} ikf} hff~ }oxbok jy bfa|x akh tgvc xbax tbf }gvch }aci

akh xaci+ ]f }f|f x|vcy gk gv| }ay!

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