Il-Bandiera li bihaMalta tingħaraf

Il-Bandiera Nazzjonali

Irhula Maltin u Ghawdxin

It-Tradizjonijiet Maltinfosthom:

Ikel Tradizjonali:Pastizzi

Festi Tradizjonali:San Pawl , L-Imnarja

Dan huwa wieħed mill-unuri ta’ Malta

Dan huwaL-George Crossli ngħata lil Maltin għall-kuragg liwrew fl-aħħar Gwerra Dinjija (1939-1945).Ir-Re George VI ta dan l-unur lil Malta fid-29 t’April 1942.

Repubblika ta' Malta

I- Emblema tar-Repubblika

Il-President tar-Repubblikata’ Malta

Dr.GeorgeDr.GeorgeDr.GeorgeDr.GeorgeDr.GeorgeDr.GeorgeDr.GeorgeDr.George AbelaAbelaAbelaAbelaAbelaAbelaAbelaAbela Il-Bandiera tal-President

Dawn huma l-EmeritisPresidenti

Sir Anthony Mamo

Dr Anton Buttigieg Ms Agatha Barbara

Dr Censu Tabone

Dr Ugo Mifsud Bonnici

Prof. Guido de Marco

Dr Eddie Fenech Adami

Malta Kattolika

L-Arcisqof ta’ MaltaMons.PawlCremona

L-Isqof ta’ GhawdexMons.MarioGrech

L-Ewwel Qaddis Malti

San Gorg Preca

L-Ewwel Kardinal Malti

FabrizioFabrizioFabrizioFabrizio SciberrasSciberrasSciberrasSciberrasTestaferrataTestaferrataTestaferrataTestaferrata

Il-Gvern Malti

Il-Prim Ministru ta’ MaltaDr.LawrenceGonzi

Il-Kap tal-Oppozizjoni ta’Malta Dr.JosephMuscat

Sħubija fl-UE

Malta issihbet fl-UnjoniEwropeja 1 ta' Mejju, 2004

Malta dahlet il-munita€wro fl-Malta fl-1 ta’Jannar, 2oo8

Festi Nazzjonali

L-Indipendenza

21-9-1964 Il-Helsien

31-3-1979

Ir-Repubblika

13-12- 1974

Malta magħrufa uffiëjalment bħala r-Repubblika ta' Malta, huwa pajjiŜ Ewropew fi ħdan l-Unjoni Ewropea. Il-gŜiratikkonsisti minn arëipelagu ta' diversi gŜejjer li jinsabu fin-nofs tal-Baħar Mediterran. Huma jinsabu fl-Ewropa t'Isfel, 93 km mill-kosta ta' Sqallija (l-Italja), 288 km fil-Lvant tat-TuneŜija u 300 km fit-Tramuntana tal-Libja. Dawn il-gŜejjer

igawdu minn klima Mediterranja.

MaltaMaltaMaltaMaltaMaltaMaltaMaltaMalta

EnglandEngland

EnglandEnglandEnglandEngland is a is a countrycountry that isthat is part part ofof thethe United Kingdom. United Kingdom.

The country also The country also includes over 100 includes over 100 smaller islands such as smaller islands such as the Isle the Isle ScillyScilly and the and the Isle of Wight. EnglandIsle of Wight. England’’s s population is about population is about 5151 million. million.

The name "The name "EnglandEngland" is derived " is derived

from thefrom the old English nameold English name EnglaEnglalandland, which means "land of , which means "land of

thethe Angles". As its name Angles". As its name

suggests, the English language, suggests, the English language,

today spoken by hundreds of today spoken by hundreds of

millions of people around the millions of people around the

world, Originated as the language world, Originated as the language

of England, it remains the of England, it remains the

principal tongue today. principal tongue today.

Food:Food:

Traditional examples Traditional examples of English food include of English food include the Sunday roast; the Sunday roast; featuring a roasted featuring a roasted joint, usuallyjoint, usually beef, beef, lamblamb oror chicken, chicken, served with assorted served with assorted boiled boiled vegetables,vegetables, Yorkshire Yorkshire puddingpudding andand gravy. gravy. Other prominent Other prominent meals include fish and meals include fish and chips. chips.

TheThe full English full English breakfast consisting breakfast consisting ofof bacon, grilled bacon, grilled tomatoes, fried tomatoes, fried bread,bread, black pudding, black pudding, baked beans, baked beans, friedfried mushrooms, mushrooms, sausages and eggs. sausages and eggs. VariousVarious meat piesmeat pies are are consumed such consumed such asas steak and kidney steak and kidney pie, pie, SheperdSheperd’’ss pie pie ,Cottage pie, Cornish ,Cottage pie, Cornish pasty andpasty and pork pie.pork pie.

LondonLondon the the capital city of capital city of England is England is home to home to Buckingham Buckingham PalacePalace--home home for the Queen for the Queen Elisabeth II, Elisabeth II, and her family. and her family.

SportSport plays a plays a prominent role in prominent role in English life. In English life. In 2012 London will 2012 London will become the first become the first city to host city to host thethe Summer Summer OlympicsOlympics for the for the third time. third time.

FlagFlag

The English flag The English flag

is called the is called the

St George Cross St George Cross

it has been the it has been the

national flag since national flag since

the 13th century. the 13th century.

Written & created by Written & created by Rebecca Rebecca MerciecaMercieca

Thanks for watching.

History of PortugalHistory of Portugal

�� The early history of Portugal is The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the shared with the rest of the Iberian Iberian PeninsulaPeninsula. . The name of PortugalThe name of Portugalderives from the Roman name derives from the Roman name PortusPortus CaleCale. The region was . The region was settledsettled by Preby Pre--CeltsCelts and Celts, and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the giving origin to peoples like the GallaeciGallaeci, , LusitaniansLusitanians, , CelticiCeltici and and CynetesCynetes, visited by , visited by PhoeniciansPhoeniciansand and CarthaginiansCarthaginians, incorporated , incorporated in the in the Roman RepublicRoman Republic dominions dominions as as LusitaniaLusitania after 45 BC until 298, after 45 BC until 298, settled again by settled again by SuebiSuebi, , BuriBuri, and , and VisigothsVisigoths, and conquered by , and conquered by MoorsMoors. Other minor influences . Other minor influences include some 5th century include some 5th century vestiges of vestiges of AlanAlan settlement, settlement, which were found in which were found in AlenquerAlenquer, , CoimbraCoimbra and even and even LisbonLisbon..

�� During the During the ReconquistaReconquista period, Christians period, Christians reconqueredreconquered the Iberian Peninsula from the the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim and Muslim and MoorishMoorish domination. In 868, the domination. In 868, the First County of PortugalFirst County of Portugal was formed. A was formed. A victory over the Muslims at victory over the Muslims at Battle of Battle of OuriqueOuriquein 1139 is traditionally taken as the occasion in 1139 is traditionally taken as the occasion when the when the County of PortugalCounty of Portugal as a fief of the as a fief of the Kingdom of LeKingdom of Leóónn was transformed into an was transformed into an the independent the independent Kingdom of PortugalKingdom of Portugal..

�� On 24 June 1128, the On 24 June 1128, the Battle of São Battle of São MamedeMamede occurred near occurred near GuimarãesGuimarães. . AfonsoAfonsoHenriquesHenriques, Count of Portugal, defeated his , Count of Portugal, defeated his mother mother Countess TeresaCountess Teresa and her lover and her lover FernãoFernão Peres de Peres de TravaTrava, thereby establishing , thereby establishing himself as sole leader. himself as sole leader. AfonsoAfonso HenriquesHenriquesofficially declared Portugal's independence officially declared Portugal's independence when he proclaimed himself when he proclaimed himself king of Portugalking of Portugalon 25 July 1139, after the on 25 July 1139, after the Battle of Battle of OuriqueOurique. . He was recognized as such in 1143 by He was recognized as such in 1143 by Alfonso VIIAlfonso VII, king of Le, king of Leóón and Castile, and in n and Castile, and in 1179 by 1179 by Pope Alexander IIIPope Alexander III..

�� AfonsoAfonso HenriquesHenriques and his successors, aided and his successors, aided by military by military monastic ordersmonastic orders, pushed , pushed southward to drive out the Moors, as the southward to drive out the Moors, as the size of Portugal covered about half of its size of Portugal covered about half of its present area. In 1249, this present area. In 1249, this ReconquistaReconquistaended with the capture of the ended with the capture of the AlgarveAlgarve on the on the southern coast, giving Portugal its presentsouthern coast, giving Portugal its present--day borders, with minor exceptions.day borders, with minor exceptions.

�� In 1348 and 1349, like the rest of Europe, In 1348 and 1349, like the rest of Europe, Portugal was devastated by the Portugal was devastated by the Black Black DeathDeath. .

�� In 1373, Portugal made an In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with alliance with EnglandEngland, which is the longest, which is the longest--standing standing alliance in the world.alliance in the world.

�� In 1383, the king of In 1383, the king of CastileCastile, husband of the , husband of the daughter of the Portuguese king who had daughter of the Portuguese king who had died without a male heir, claimed his throne. died without a male heir, claimed his throne. An ensuing popular revolt led to the An ensuing popular revolt led to the 13831383--1385 Crisis1385 Crisis. A faction of petty noblemen and . A faction of petty noblemen and commoners, led by John of commoners, led by John of AvizAviz (later (later John John II), seconded by General ), seconded by General NunoNuno ÁÁlvareslvaresPereiraPereira defeated the Castilians in the defeated the Castilians in the Battle Battle of of AljubarrotaAljubarrota. This celebrated battle is still a . This celebrated battle is still a symbol of glory and the struggle for symbol of glory and the struggle for independence from independence from neighbouringneighbouring Spain.Spain.

Picture of Picture of ReconquistaReconquista

�� GrazziGrazzi hafnahafna

�� MahdumaMahduma minnminn AxlAxl zammitzammit

Turkey

Derinkuyu Underground

City

Is an ancient multi-level

underground city in the

Derinkuyu district in

Nevsehir

Province,Turkey.This

undergroung city has eleven

floors and it’s large enough

to shelter thousands of

poeple.

Tortum Waterfall is one of the most remarkable

natural treasures of Turkey next to Tortum Lake

located in Tortum district,100km north of Erzurum in

Eastern Anatolia Region.The lake,8km long and 1km

wide was formed as the result of a great

landslide,which blocked the valley though which the Tortum River Flowed.At the

same time,the water sought

a new outlet over a fault with

a drop of 48m.

Tyana (or

Tyanna,Ancient Greek:

Tuava Hittite

Tuwanuwa) was an

ancient city of

Anatolia,in modern

south-central Turkey.It

was the capital of a

Luwain speaking Neo-

Hittite kingdom in the

1st millennium Bc.

Kultepe is a modern village

near the ancient city of

Kanes (Kanesh; Hittite

Nesa),located in the Kayseri

Province of Turkey’s Central

Anatolia Region.The nearest

modern city is Kayseri,about

20km south-west.Kanes

inhabited continuously from

the Chalcolithic period down

to Roman times,flourished

most strongly as an important

marchant colony(karum) of

the Old Assyrain kingdom,

From ca. 20th to 16th

Cappadocia was a province of the Roman empire in Anatolia

(modern central/eastern Turkey),with it’s capital at

Caesarea.It was established in 17 AD by the emperor Tiberius

(ruled 14-37 AD) ,following the death of Cappadocia’s last

king,Archelaus.It was an imperial province,meaning that it’s

governor (Legatus Augusti) was directly appointed by the

emperor.

While we enjoyed learning some

information about Turkey let’s

see some pictures

AlgeriaAlgeria

The capital of Algeria is AlgiersThe capital of Algeria is Algiers

Its population is about 35.7 Its population is about 35.7

Million (2010)Million (2010)

The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are The languages of Algeria are Arabic and BerberArabic and BerberArabic and BerberArabic and BerberArabic and BerberArabic and BerberArabic and BerberArabic and Berber

The Algerian flagThe Algerian flag

Its size is almost 2,400,000 square Its size is almost 2,400,000 square

kilometreskilometres

Algeria is bordered in the northeast Algeria is bordered in the northeast

by by Tunisia,inTunisia,in east by Libya and in east by Libya and in

west by Moroccowest by Morocco

Algeria was known as the Numidia Algeria was known as the Numidia

kingdom and its people were called kingdom and its people were called

NumidiansNumidians

Their Religion is IslamTheir Religion is Islam

Algerian foodAlgerian food

Algerian traditionAlgerian tradition

Algeria is a member of the Algeria is a member of the Arab Arab

LeagueLeague, , United NationsUnited Nations, , African African

founding member of the founding member of the Arab Arab

Maghreb UnionMaghreb Union..

Algerian warAlgerian war

between between FranceFrance and and AlgerianAlgerianindependence movements from 1954 independence movements from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining

its independence from France its independence from France

Hope You Enjoyed It!Hope You Enjoyed It!

•• Made By Ryan Made By Ryan AgiusAgius

=)=)

•• The EndThe End