Medical Instrumentation

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Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ. 1 원원원 Medical Instrumentation REPORT #3 2012103843 원원원

description

Medical Instrumentation. REPORT #3 2012103843 원지혜. Dynamic Characteristics. Y (t). X(t). +….+ + y = +….+ +. ( 입력 ). ( 출력 ). Laplace Transform. Laplace Transform. Differential equation. Algebraic equation. Inverse Laplace Transform. Response in S domain. Response in time domain. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Medical Instrumentation

Page 1: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

1 원지혜

Medical Instrumentation

REPORT #3 2012103843

원지혜

Page 2: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

2 원지혜

Dynamic Characteristics

X(t) Y(t)

+….++y =+….++

( 입력 )

( 출력 )

Page 3: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

3 원지혜

Laplace Transform

Differential equation Algebraic equation

Response in time domain Response in S domain

Laplace Transform

Inverse Laplace Trans-form

Page 4: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

4 원지혜

Laplace Transform

L{u(t)} = L{u(t)} = L{(t)} =1

u(t) u(t) (t)

L{x(t)} = X(s)=

Page 5: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

5 원지혜

Transfer Function

cf)L{} = L{x(t)} =

H(S)==(H(S): Transfer Function)

※ y(t) 를 구하는 방법

Y(S) = H(S)*X(S)Y(t)={Y(S)} ={H(S)*X(S)}

R

CV s

10V ac+Vc(t)-

t

𝑉 𝐴u( t)

(t)={(S)}=[1-]*u(t)

Page 6: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

6 원지혜

0 차 기기

y(t) = Kx(t)

=KEt

10

K

입력

출력KR

(1-K)R

Page 7: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

7 원지혜

1 차기기

+y = x

예)

t

1

올라가는 데에 시간이 걸림 (0 차기기에 비해 )

R

C

0

Page 8: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

8 원지혜

1 차기기

H(jw) =

|H(jw)| = magnitude re-sponse∠H(jw) = phase response

0.7071

-45

-90

주파수가 낮을 때는진폭도 일정하고 위상차이도 거의 없음 .

주파수가 높아지면 진폭이 작아지고 위상차도 최대 90도까지 발생한다 .

log|H|

log∠H(jw)

w

w

Page 9: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

9 원지혜

무왜곡측정 (Distortionless Measurement)

X(t)=x1(t)+x2(t)

Y(t)=y1(t)+y2(t)=x1(t-)+x2(t-)( 시간 delay)

H

x1(t)

x2(t)

X(t)

y1(t)

y2(t)

Y(t)1

1

2

A

A

2A

Page 10: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

10 원지혜

예 ) 진폭 특성에 의한 왜곡

y(t) = Ax1(t-)+2Ax2(t-)

3A

-A

A

2A

-2A

y(t)

Ax1(t-) 2Ax2(t-)

t t t𝑡 0 3 𝑡 0 𝑡 0 𝑡 02 𝑡0 2 𝑡0

Magnitude Distortion

Page 11: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

11 원지혜

예 ) 위상특성에 의한 왜곡

2AA A

𝑡 0𝑡 0 3 𝑡 0

3 𝑡 0 3 𝑡 02 𝑡0

y(t) = Ax1(t-)+Ax2(t-)

y(t)

tt

t

Ax1(t-) Ax2(t-)

Phase Distortion

Page 12: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

12 원지혜

For Distortionless Measurement

y(t) = kx(t-)Y(S) = kX(S)H(S)= kH(jw) = k

w

w

|H(jw)| ∠H(jw) ∠H(jw)= -w

기울기 = -

왜곡이 발생하지 않음

같은 크기로 증가시키고 , 같은 위상 차를 주어야왜곡이 발생하지 않음

Page 13: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

13 원지혜

Biopotential( 생체전위 )

Sensor Muscle

dendrite( 수상돌기 ) axon terminal( 축색 종말 )

(axon)

Ex)①rode, cone②hair cell

Page 14: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

14 원지혜

Resting Membrane Potential(RMP: 안정막전위 )

Na-K 펌프

<Krebs Cycle in Mitochondria>

Glucose + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP

농도 차를 거슬러 가야 하기 때문에 ATP 필요 ( 미토콘드리아에서 만듦 )

Page 15: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

15 원지혜

RMP 의 측정

Cell neuron

t=t1

t

Vo

t1

-60mV

Na+ Cl-

V=0 (Na 와 Cl 이균일하게 들어있으므로 )

V

Page 16: Medical Instrumentation

Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

16 원지혜

세포막의 형태

Na+ Cl-(Na 와 Cl 이 균일하게 들어있으므로 )

V

Na+Cl-

V

Na+Cl-

Na+Cl-

V

Na+Cl-

Na+Cl-

V

Na+Cl-

insulating membrane

permeable membrane

semi permeable membrane

V=0

V=0V=0

V0

세포막은반투과성막

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Dept. of Biomed. Eng. BME302: Medical Instrumentation Kyung Hee Univ.

17 원지혜

RMP 의 형성

+--

+ +

+ --

---

semi permeable membrane

※ Na+ 에만 투과성을 갖는 막이라고 가정

확산 (diffusion) vs 전기력 (coulomb force)( 오른쪽 + 가 왼쪽 ( 왼쪽 + 가 오른쪽으로 으로 가려는 힘 ) 가려는 힘 )

확산하려는 힘이 더 큼+𝑉 𝑅𝑀𝑃-

Resting membrane potential( 안정막 전위 )

RMP( 안정막 전위 ) 의 형성