:: media studies ::

lecture #02 twitter: @wowoxarc

kuntoadi@gmail.com or kuntoadi@unpad.ac.id

perspektif sosiologis media

media berada di dalam masyarakat media membentuk dan dibentuk oleh

masyarakat peran, fungsi dan struktur media di dalam

masyarakat konsekuensi pandangan ideal masyarakat

terhadap media

teori normatif media

The Authoritarian Theorypemerintah otoriter, media tunduk

The Libertarian Theorymasyarakat bebas, media bebas

The Soviet TheoryMelayani kelas pekerja/partai, media semi otonom

The Social Responsibility Theory informativeness, truth, accuracy, objectivity, and

balance

pluralist-liberal View

asumsi umumThe diversity of interests gives balance and

strength to societyThe power of groups is roughly equalThe government acts as an impartial referee Political life is independent from economic lifeThe exercise of power is visible

pluralist-liberal view

asumsi mediaMedia help to give voice to all views and to

provide a forum for public debate. Media provide the information necessary for

citizens to act. Media are independent of the power of

economics and government. Media serve as an independent institution keeping

watch over self-serving government and excessive influence of special interest groups.

pluralist-liberal view Media organizations are seen as bounded

organizational systems, enjoying an important degree of autonomy from the state, political parties and institutionalised pressure groups

autonomous managerial élite who allow a considerable degree of flexibility to media professionals

Audiences are seen as capable of manipulating the media in an infinite variety of ways according to their prior needs and dispositions

Curran and Gurevitch (1982)

pluralist-liberal practices

in Europe: the wide range of media products available,

including some which are required by the government to cater for minority tastes

deregulation of broadcasting systems, encouraged by governments throughout Europe

the relative independence of journalists journalists' resistance to political pressure when

they are subjected to it the independence of many media organs from big

conglomerates

pluralist-liberal practices

In USA The assumption underlying the pluralist view

in American research was that there was a broad consensus on social norms and that the media largely reflected and reinforced those norms

the model

Media is seen as an arena of competing groups and interest, yet relatively autonomous from them

MEDIA

GOVERNMENT

POLITICALPARTIESOWNER

INTEREST GROUPS

PROFESSIONAL

AUDIENCE PUBLIC PRESSUREGROUPS

media roles in society

Fourth Estate Watchdog The Guardians of Democracy The Defender of the Public Interest

Discussion

What do you think about general assumption of Pluralist view? Is there any weakness or far from reality or practices?

How do you think those assumptions relate to the assumptions of media view from pluralist?

Explain the consequences from every single interests in pluralist model

resume

Societal: competing interest and groups Media: many and independent each other Production: creative, free, original Content: diverse and competing, responsive to

audience demand

resume Professionals: independence and outonomous Audience: fragmented, selective, reactive &

active Effects: numerous without consistency or

predictability of direction, but often no effect Keywords: democracy, liberalism