Deeply-Recursive Convolutional Network for Image Super-Resolution
Measurement of deeply bound pionicstates using the (p, · PDF fileMeasurement of deeply bound...
-
Upload
truongdang -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
3
Transcript of Measurement of deeply bound pionicstates using the (p, · PDF fileMeasurement of deeply bound...
Measurementofdeeplyboundpionic statesusingthe(p,2He)reaction
atRCNP
Akane SakaueKyotoUniversity
1
collaborators• KyotoUniversity:Akane Sakaue,Sakiko Ashikaga,Hiroyuki Fujioka,TatsuyaFuruno,Kento Inaba,TakahiroKawabata,Shota Matsumoto,TakahiroMorimoto,MotokiMurata,YuTakahashi,MihoTsumura,KenWatanabe
• UniversityofTokyo:Ryugo S.Hayano,Yuni N.Watanabe• RCNP :SatoshiAdachi,Nori Aoi,Gey Guillaume,Kichiji Hatanaka,AzusaInoue, Chihiro Iwamoto,Shumpei Noji,Hooi Jin Ong,AtsushiTamii,Tsz LeungTang
• TohokuUniversity:Yohei Matsuda• KonanUniversity:Katsuyoshi Heguri• RIKEN :TakahiroNishi,KentaItahashi• GSI :HansGeissel,Yoshiki K.Tanaka• Beihang University: SatoruTerashima• InstituteforBasicScience:TakashiHashimoto
2
Deeplyboundpionic atom• Bindingenergyandwidthofpionic atom
• s-wavepion-nucleuspotential𝑈" 𝑟 = −
2𝜋𝜇
𝜀* 𝑏,𝜌 𝑟 + 𝑏* 𝜌/ 𝑟 − 𝜌0 𝑟 + 𝜀1𝐵,𝜌1(𝑟)
3
Partialrestorationofchiralsymmetry
𝜇 = 𝑚6𝑀 𝑚6+ 𝑀 ,⁄ 𝜀* = 1 + 𝑚6 𝑀⁄ , 𝜀1 = 1 + 𝑚6 2𝑀⁄
𝜌/ 𝑟 :neutrondensity,𝜌0 𝑟 :protondensity,𝜌 𝑟 = 𝜌/ 𝑟 + 𝜌0 𝑟
Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relationTomozawa-Weinberg relation
𝑞>𝑞 ?
𝑞>𝑞 ,≈𝑏*ABCC
𝑏*(𝜌)
4
Z=45-60 Part 1 of 3
Rh89 Rh90 Rh91
Pd91
Rh92
Pd920+
Rh93(9/2+)
Pd93
Ag93
Rh94(3+)
70.6 s
ECp*
Pd940+
9.0 s
EC
Ag940+
10 ms
EC*
Rh95(9/2)+5.02 m
EC*
Pd95
EC*
Ag952.0 s
ECp
Rh966+
9.90 m
EC*
Pd960+
122 s
EC
Ag96(8+,9+)
5.1 s
ECp
Cd960+
Rh97(9/2)+30.7 m
EC*
Pd97(5/2+)3.10 m
EC
Ag97(9/2+)19 s
EC
Cd973 s
ECp
Rh98(2)+
8.7 m
EC*
Pd980+
17.7 m
EC
Ag98(5+)
46.7 s
EC
Cd980+
9.2 s
EC
In98
Rh991/2-
16.1 d
EC*
Pd99(5/2)+21.4 m
EC
Ag99(9/2)+124 s
EC*
Cd99(5/2+)16 s
ECp,ECα,...
In99
Rh1001-
20.8 h
EC*
Pd1000+
3.63 d
EC
Ag100(5)+
2.01 m
EC*
Cd1000+
49.1 s
EC
In1007.0 s
ECp
Sn1000+
0.94 s
ECp
Rh1011/2-3.3 y
EC*
Pd1015/2+
8.47 h
EC
Ag1019/2+
11.1 m
EC*
Cd101(5/2+)1.36 m
EC
In10115.1 s
ECp
Sn1013 s
ECp
Rh102(1-,2-)207 d
EC,β-*
Ag1025+
12.9 m
EC*
Cd1020+
5.5 m
EC
In102(6+)22 s
ECp
Sn1020+
4.5 s
EC
*
Pd1035/2+
16.991 d
EC
Ag1037/2+
65.7 m
EC*
Cd103(5/2+)7.3 m
EC
In103(9/2)+65 s
EC*
Sn1037 s
EC
Sb103
Rh1041+
42.3 s
EC,β-*
Ag1045+
69.2 m
*
Cd1040+
57.7 m
EC
In104(6+)
1.80 m
EC*
Sn1040+
20.8 s
EC
Sb1040.44 s
p,ECp,...
Rh1057/2+
35.36 h
β-*
Ag1051/2-
41.29 d
EC*
Cd1055/2+
55.5 m
EC
In105(9/2)+5.07 m
EC*
Sn10531 s
ECp
Sb1051.12 s
EC,p
Rh1061+
29.80 s
β-*
Ag1061+
23.96 m
EC,β-*
In1067+
6.2 m
EC*
Sn1060+
115 s
EC
Sb106(4+)
Te1060+
60 Us
α
Rh1077/2+
21.7 m
β-
Pd1075/2+
6.5E+6 y
β-*
*
Cd1075/2+
6.50 h
EC
In1079/2+
32.4 m
EC*
Sn107(5/2+)2.90 m
EC
Sb107(5/2+)
Te1073.1 ms
EC,α
Rh1081+
16.8 s
β-*
Ag1081+
2.37 m
EC,β-*
In1087+
58.0 m
EC*
Sn1080+
10.30 m
EC
Sb108(4+)7.4 s
ECp
Te1080+
2.1 s
α,ECp,...
I108(1)
36 ms
α,p
Rh1097/2+80 s
β-
Pd1095/2+
13.7012 h
β-*
*
Cd1095/2+
462.6 d
EC
In1099/2+4.2 h
EC*
Sn1095/2(+)18.0 m
EC
Sb109(5/2+)17.0 s
EC
Te1094.6 s
α,ECp,...
I109100 Us
p
Rh1101+
3.2 s
β-*
Ag1101+
24.6 s
EC,β-*
In1107+
4.9 h
EC*
Sn1100+
4.11 h
EC
Sb1103+
23.0 s
EC
Te1100+
18.6 s
EC,α
I1100.65 s
α,ECp,...
Xe1100+
0.60 Us
EC,α
Rh111(7/2+)11 s
β-
Pd1115/2+
23.4 m
β-*
Ag1111/2-
7.45 d
β-*
*
In1119/2+
2.8047 d
EC*
Sn1117/2+
35.3 m
EC
Sb111(5/2+)75 s
EC
Te111(5/2+)19.3 s
ECp
I111(5/2+)2.5 s
EC,α
Xe1110.74 s
EC,α
Rh1121+
2.1 s
β-*
Pd1120+
21.03 h
β-
Ag1122(-)
3.130 h
β-
In1121+
14.97 m
EC,β-*
Sb1123+
51.4 s
EC
Te1120+
2.0 m
EC
I1123.42 s
EC,α
Xe1120+
2.7 s
EC,α
Cs112500 Us
p
Rh113(7/2+)2.80 s
β-
Pd113(5/2+)93 s
β-*
Ag1131/2-
5.37 h
β-*
*
*
Sn1131/2+
115.09 d
EC*
Sb1135/2+
6.67 m
EC
Te113(7/2+)1.7 m
EC
I113(5/2+)6.6 s
α,ECα,...
Xe1132.74 s
α,ECp,...
Cs113(5/2+)17 Us
EC,p
Rh1141+
1.85 s
β-*
Pd1140+
2.42 m
β-
Ag1141+
4.6 s
β-*
In1141+
71.9 s
EC,β-*
Sb1143+
3.49 m
EC
Te1140+
15.2 m
EC
I1141+
2.1 s
ECp*
Xe1140+
10.0 s
EC
Cs114(1+)
0.57 s
α,ECp,...
Ba1140+
0.43 s
EC,α
Rh115(7/2+)0.99 s
β-
Pd115(5/2+)25 s
β-*
Ag1151/2-
20.0 m
β-*
Cd1151/2+
53.46 h
β-*
*
Sb1155/2+
32.1 m
EC
Te1157/2+5.8 m
EC*
I115(5/2+)1.3 m
EC
Xe115(5/2+)18 s
ECp,ECα,...
Cs1151.4 s
ECp
Ba1150.4 s
EC
Rh1161+
0.68 s
β-*
Pd1160+
11.8 s
β-
Ag116(2)-
2.68 m
β-*
In1161+
14.10 s
EC,β-*
Sb1163+
15.8 m
EC*
Te1160+
2.49 h
EC
I1161+
2.91 s
EC*
Xe1160+
59 s
EC
Cs116>4+
3.84 s
ECp,ECα,...*
Ba1160+
0.3 s
EC
Rh117(7/2+)0.44 s
β-
Pd117(5/2+)4.3 s
β-*
Ag117(1/2-)72.8 s
β-*
Cd1171/2+
2.49 h
β-*
In1179/2+
43.2 m
β-*
*
Sb1175/2+
2.80 h
EC
Te1171/2+62 m
EC*
I117(5/2)+2.22 m
EC
Xe1175/2(+)61 s
ECp
Cs117(9/2+)8.4 s
EC*
Ba117(3/2)1.75 s
ECp,ECα,...
La117
Rh118
Pd1180+
1.9 s
β-
Ag118(1)-
3.76 s
β-*
Cd1180+
50.3 m
β-
In1181+
5.0 s
β-*
Sb1181+
3.6 m
EC*
Te1180+
6.00 d
EC
I1182-
13.7 m
EC*
Xe1180+
3.8 m
EC
Cs1182
14 s
ECp,ECα,...*
Ba1180+
5.5 s
EC
La118
Rh119
Pd1190.92 s
β-
Ag119(7/2+)2.1 s
β-*
Cd1193/2+
2.69 m
β-*
In1199/2+2.4 m
β-*
*
Sb1195/2+
38.19 h
EC*
Te1191/2+
16.03 h
EC*
I1195/2+
19.1 m
EC
Xe119(5/2+)5.8 m
EC
Cs1199/2+
43.0 s
EC*
Ba119(5/2+)5.4 s
ECp
La119
Ce119
Rh120
β-
Pd1200+
0.5 s
β-
Ag120(3+)
1.23 s
β-*
Cd1200+
50.80 s
β-
In1201+
3.08 s
β-*
Sb1201+
15.89 m
EC*
I1202-
81.0 m
EC*
Xe1200+
40 m
EC
Cs1202
64 s
EC*
Ba1200+
32 s
EC
La1202.8 s
EC
Ce1200+
Rh121
Pd121
Ag121(7/2+)0.78 s
β-n
Cd121(3/2+)13.5 s
β-*
In1219/2+
23.1 s
β-*
Sn1213/2+
27.06 h
β-*
Te1211/2+
16.78 d
EC*
I1215/2+
2.12 h
EC
Xe1215/2(+)40.1 m
EC
Cs1213/2(+)155 s
EC*
Ba1215/2(+)29.7 s
ECp
La1215.3 s
ECp
Ce121
Pr1211.4 s
ECp
Rh122
β-
Pd1220+
Ag122(3+)
0.48 s
β-n*
Cd1220+
5.24 s
β-
In1221+
1.5 s
β-*
Sb1222-
2.7238 d
EC,β-*
I1221+
3.63 m
EC*
Xe1220+
20.1 h
EC
Cs1221+
21.0 s
EC*
Ba1220+
1.95 m
EC
La1228.7 s
ECp
Ce122
Pr122
Pd123
Ag123(7/2+)0.309 s
β-n
Cd123(3/2)+2.10 s
β-*
In1239/2+
5.98 s
β-*
Sn12311/2-
129.2 d
β-*
*
I1235/2+
13.27 h
EC
Xe123(1/2)+2.08 h
EC
Cs1231/2+
5.94 m
EC*
Ba1235/2+2.7 m
EC
La12317 s
EC
Ce123(5/2)3.2 s
ECp
Pr123
Pd124
β-
Ag1240.172 s
β-n
Cd1240+
1.25 s
β-
In1243+
3.11 s
β-*
Sb1243-
60.20 d
β-*
I1242-
4.1760 d
EC
Cs1241+
30.8 s
EC*
Ba1240+
11.0 m
EC
La12429 s
EC*
Ce1240+6 s
EC
Pr1241.2 s
ECp
Ag125166 ms
β-n
Cd125(3/2+)0.65 s
β-*
In1259/2(+)2.36 s
β-*
Sn12511/2-9.64 d
β-*
Sb1257/2+
2.7582 y
β-
*
I1255/2+
59.408 d
EC
Xe125(1/2)+16.9 h
EC*
Cs125(1/2+)45 m
EC
Ba1251/2(+)3.5 m
EC
La125(11/2-)
76 s
EC
Ce125(5/2+)9.0 s
ECp
Pr1253.3 s
EC
Ag126107 ms
β-
Cd1260+
0.506 s
β-
In1263(+)
1.60 s
β-*
Sn1260+
1E+5 y
β-
Sb126(8)-
12.46 d
β-*
I1262-
13.11 d
EC,β-
Cs1261+
1.64 m
EC
Ba1260+
100 m
EC
La12654 s
EC
Ce1260+
50 s
EC
Pr126(3,4,5)3.14 s
ECp
Nd126
Ag127109 ms
β-
Cd127(3/2+)0.37 s
β-
In127(9/2+)1.09 s
β-n*
Sn127(11/2-)2.10 h
β-*
Sb1277/2+
3.85 d
β-
Te1273/2+
9.35 h
β-*
Xe1271/2+
36.4 d
EC*
Cs1271/2+
6.25 h
EC
Ba1271/2+
12.7 m
EC*
La127(11/2-)5.1 m
EC*
Ce127(5/2+)31 s
EC
Pr127(11/2-)4.2 s
EC
Nd1271.8 s
ECp
Ag12858 ms
β-n
Cd1280+
0.34 s
β-
In128(3+)
0.84 s
β-n*
Sn1280+
59.07 m
β-*
Sb1288-
9.01 h
β-*
I1281+
24.99 m
EC,β-
Cs1281+
3.66 m
EC
Ba1280+
2.43 d
EC
La128(5+)
5.0 m
EC*
Ce1280+
4.1 s
EC
Pr1284,5,63.1 s
ECp
Nd1280+4 s
ECp
Ag129
β-n
Cd129(3/2+)0.27 s
β-
In129(9/2+)0.61 s
β-n*
Sn129(3/2+)2.23 m
β-*
Sb1297/2+
4.40 h
β-*
Te1293/2+
69.6 m
β-*
I1297/2+
1.57E7 y
β-
*
Cs1291/2+
32.06 h
EC
Ba1291/2+
2.23 h
EC*
La1293/2+
11.6 m
EC*
Ce1295/2+3.5 m
EC
Pr129(3/2+)30 s
EC
Nd129(5/2+)
7 s
ECp
Cd1300+
0.20 s
β-n
In1301(-)
0.32 s
β-n*
Sn1300+
3.72 m
β-*
Sb130(8-)
39.5 m
β-*
I1305+
12.36 h
β-*
Cs1301+
29.21 m
EC,β-*
*
La1303(+)
8.7 m
EC
Ce1300+
25 m
EC
Pr13040.0 s
EC
Nd1300+
28 s
EC
In131(9/2+)0.282 s
β-n*
Sn131(3/2+)56.0 s
β-*
Sb131(7/2+)
23.03 m
β-
Te1313/2+
25.0 m
β-*
I1317/2+
8.02070 d
β-
*
Cs1315/2+
9.689 d
EC
Ba1311/2+
11.50 d
EC*
La1313/2+59 m
EC
Ce131(7/2+)10.2 m
EC*
Pr131(3/2+)1.53 m
EC*
Nd131(5/2)27 s
ECp
In132(7-)
0.201 s
β-n
Sn1320+
39.7 s
β-
Sb132(4+)
2.79 m
β-*
Te1320+
3.204 d
β-
I1324+
2.295 h
β-*
*
Cs1322+
6.479 d
EC,β-
La1322-
4.8 h
EC*
Ce1320+
3.51 h
EC*
Pr1321.6 m
EC
Nd1320+
1.75 m
EC
In133(9/2+)180 ms
β-n
Sn133(7/2-)1.45 s
β-n
Sb133(7/2+)2.5 m
β-
Te133(3/2+)12.5 m
β-*
I1337/2+
20.8 h
β-*
Xe1333/2+
5.243 d
β-*
Ba1331/2+
10.51 y
EC*
La1335/2+
3.912 h
EC
Ce1331/2+97 m
EC*
Pr133(3/2+)6.5 m
EC
Nd133(7/2+)70 s
EC*
In134138 ms
β-n
Sn1340+
1.12 s
β-n
Sb134(0-)
0.78 s
β-*
Te1340+
41.8 m
β-
I134(4)+
52.5 m
β-*
*
Cs1344+
2.0648 y
EC,β-*
*
La1341+
6.45 m
EC
Ce1340+
3.16 d
EC
Pr1342-
17 m
EC*
Nd1340+
8.5 m
EC*
Sn135
Sb135(7/2+)1.71 s
β-n
Te135(7/2-)19.0 s
β-
I1357/2+
6.57 h
β-
Xe1353/2+
9.14 h
β-*
Cs1357/2+
2.3E+6 y
β-*
*
La1355/2+
19.5 h
EC
Ce1351/2(+)17.7 h
EC*
Pr1353/2(+)24 m
EC
Nd1359/2(-)
12.4 m
EC*
Sn1360+
Sb1360.82 s
β-n,β-2n,...
Te1360+
17.5 s
β-n
I136(1-)
83.4 s
β-*
Cs1365+
13.16 d
β-*
*
La1361+
9.87 m
EC*
Pr1362+
13.1 m
EC
Nd1360+
50.65 m
EC
Sn137
Sb137
Te137(7/2-)2.49 s
β-n
I137(7/2+)24.5 s
β-n
Xe1377/2-
3.818 m
β-
Cs1377/2+
30.07 y
β-
*
La1377/2+
6E4 y
EC
Ce1373/2+9.0 h
EC*
Pr1375/2+
1.28 h
EC
Nd1371/2+
38.5 m
EC*
Sb138
Te1380+
1.4 s
β-n
I138(2-)
6.49 s
β-n
Xe1380+
14.08 m
β-
Cs1383-
33.41 m
β-*
*
Pr1381+
1.45 m
EC*
Nd1380+
5.04 h
EC
Sb139
Te139
I139(7/2+)2.29 s
β-n
Xe1393/2-
39.68 s
β-
Cs1397/2+
9.27 m
β-
Ba1397/2-
83.06 m
β-
Ce1393/2+
137.640 d
EC*
Pr1395/2+
4.41 h
EC
Nd1393/2+
29.7 m
EC*
Te1400+
I140(4)
0.86 s
β-n
Xe1400+
13.60 s
β-
Cs1401-
63.7 s
β-
Ba1400+
12.752 d
β-
La1403-
1.6781 d
β-
Pr1401+
3.39 m
EC
Nd1400+
3.37 d
EC
Te141
I1410.43 s
β-n
Xe1415/2(-)1.73 s
β-n
Cs1417/2+
24.94 s
β-n
Ba1413/2-
18.27 m
β-
La141(7/2+)3.92 h
β-
Ce1417/2-
32.501 d
β-
Nd1413/2+
2.49 h
EC*
Te1420+
I142
Xe1420+
1.22 s
β-n
Cs1420-
1.70 s
β-n
Ba1420+
10.6 m
β-
La1422-
91.1 m
β-
Pr1422-
19.12 h
EC,β-*
I143
Xe1435/2-
0.30 s
β-
Cs1433/2+
1.78 s
β-n
Ba1435/2-
14.33 s
β-
La143(7/2)+14.2 m
β-
Ce1433/2-
33.039 h
β-
Pr1437/2+
13.57 d
β-
I144
Xe1440+
1.15 s
β-
Cs1441
1.01 s
β-n*
Ba1440+
11.5 s
β-n
La144(3-)
40.8 s
β-
Ce1440+
284.893 d
β-
Pr1440-
17.28 m
β-*
Xe1450.9 s
β-n
Cs1453/2+
0.594 s
β-n
Ba1455/2-
4.31 s
β-
La145(5/2+)24.8 s
β-
Ce145(3/2)-
3.01 m
β-
Pr1457/2+
5.984 h
β-
Xe1460+
β-
Cs1461-
0.321 s
β-n
Ba1460+
2.22 s
β-
La1462-
6.27 s
β-*
Ce1460+
13.52 m
β-
Pr146(2)-
24.15 m
β-
Xe147
Cs147(3/2+)0.225 s
β-n
Ba147(3/2+)0.893 s
β-n
La147(5/2+)4.015 s
β-n
Ce147(5/2-)56.4 s
β-
Pr147(3/2+)13.4 m
β-
Nd1475/2-
10.98 d
β-
Cs148158 ms
β-n
Ba1480+
0.607 s
β-n
La148(2-)
1.05 s
β-n
Ce1480+
56 s
β-
Pr1481-
2.27 m
β-*
Cs149
Ba1490.344 s
β-n
La1491.05 s
β-n
Ce149(3/2-)5.3 s
β-
Pr149(5/2+)2.26 m
β-
Nd1495/2-
1.728 h
β-
Cs150
Ba1500+
0.3 s
β-n
La1500.86 s
β-n
Ce1500+
4.0 s
β-
Pr150(1)-
6.19 s
β-
Cs151
Ba151
La151
Ce1511.02 s
β-
Pr151(3/2-)
18.90 s
β-
Nd1513/2+
12.44 m
β-
Ba1520+
La152
Ce1520+
1.4 s
β-
Pr152(4-)
3.63 s
β-
Nd1520+
11.4 m
β-
Ba153
La153
Ce153
Pr1534.28 s
β-
Nd153(3/2)-31.6 s
β-
La154
Ce1540+
Pr154(3+,2+)
2.3 s
β-
Nd1540+
25.9 s
β-
La155
Ce155
Pr155
Nd1558.9 s
β-
Ce1560+
Pr156
Nd1560+
5.47 s
β-
Ce157
Pr157
Nd157
Pr158
Nd1580+
Pr159
Nd159 Nd1600+
Nd161
Pd1020+
1.02Rh103
1/2-
100
Pd1040+
11.14
Pd1055/2+
22.33
Pd1060+
27.33
Cd1060+
1.25Ag107
1/2-
51.839Pd108
0+
26.46
Cd1080+
0.89Ag109
1/2-
48.161Pd110
0+
11.72
Cd1100+
12.49
Cd1111/2+
12.80
Cd1120+
24.13
Sn1120+
0.97
Cd1131/2+
7.7E+15 y
β-12.22
In1139/2+
4.3Cd114
0+
28.73
Sn1140+
0.65In115
9/2+4.41E+14 y
β-95.7
Sn1151/2+
0.34
Cd1160+
7.49
Sn1160+
14.53
Sn1171/2+
7.68
Sn1180+
24.23
Sn1191/2+
8.59
Sn1200+
32.59
Te1200+
0.096Sb121
5/2+
57.36Sn122
0+
4.63
Te1220+
2.603Sb123
7/2+
42.64
Te1231/2+
1E+13 y
EC0.908
Sn1240+
5.79
Te1240+
4.816
Xe1240+
1.6E+14 y
ECEC0.10
Te1251/2+
7.139
Te1260+
18.95
Xe1260+
0.09I1275/2+
100Te128
0+2.2E24 y
β-β-31.69
Xe1280+
1.91
Xe1291/2+
26.4
Te1300+
7.9E20 y
β-33.80
Xe1300+
4.1
Ba1300+
0.106
Xe1313/2+
21.2
Xe1320+
26.9
Ba1320+
0.101Cs133
7/2+
100Xe134
0+
10.4
Ba1340+
2.417
Ba1353/2+
6.592
Xe1360+
2.36E21 y
8.9
Ba1360+
7.854
Ce1360+
0.19
Ba1373/2+
11.23
Ba1380+
71.70
La1385+
1.05E+11 y
EC,β-0.0902
Ce1380+
0.25La139
7/2+
99.9098
Ce1400+
88.48
Pr1415/2+
100Ce142
0+5E+16 y
11.08
Nd1420+
27.13
Nd1437/2-
12.18
Nd1440+
2.29E+15 y
α23.80
Nd1457/2-
8.30
Nd1460+
17.19
Nd1480+
5.76
Nd1500+
1.1E19 y
β-5.64
45Rh
1.12×10 -9%102.90550
28
1816
1
1964°3695°
+3
46Pd
4.5×10 -9%106.42
28
1818
0
1554.9°2963°
+2+4
47Ag
1.58×10 -9%107.8682
28
18181
961.78°2162°
+1
48Cd
5.3×10 -9%112.411
28
18182
321.07°767°
+2
49In
6.0×10-10%114.818
28
1818
3
156.60°2072°
+3
50Sn
1.25×10 -8%118.710
28
1818
4
231.93°2602°
+2+4
51Sb
1.01×10 -9%121.760
28
1818
5
630.63°1587°
+3+5-3
52Te
1.57×10 -8%127.60
28
1818
6
449.51°988°
+4+6-2
53I
2.9×10 -9%126.90447
28
1818
7
113.7°184.4°
546°+1+5+7-1
54Xe
1.5×10 -8%131.29
28
1818
8
-111.75°-108.04°
16.58°0
55Cs
1.21×10 -9%132.90545
28
1818
81
28.44°671°
+1
56Ba
1.46×10 -8%137.327
28
181882
727°1897°
+2
57La
1.45×10 -9%138.9055
28
1818
92
918°3464°
+3
58Ce
3.70×10 -9%140.116
28
1819
92
798°3443°
+3+4
59Pr
5.44×10-10%140.90765
28
1821
82
931°3520°
+3
60Nd
2.70×10 -9%144.24
28
1822
82
1021°3074°
+3
44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
80 82
84 86
88 90
92 94 96
98
100
Decay Q-value RangeQ(??)Q(β−)>0Q(β−)-SN>0Q(β−)>0 + Q(EC)>0Stable to Beta DecayQ(EC)>0Q(EC)-SP>0Q(P)>0Naturally Abundant
GSI,RIKEN
DensitydependenceNeedtostudyisotope/isotonedependence
Snisotope
𝑈" 𝑟 = −2𝜋𝜇 𝜀* 𝑏,𝜌 𝑟 + 𝑏* 𝜌/ 𝑟 − 𝜌0 𝑟 + 𝜀1𝐵,𝜌1(𝑟)
5
Z=45-60 Part 1 of 3
Rh89 Rh90 Rh91
Pd91
Rh92
Pd920+
Rh93(9/2+)
Pd93
Ag93
Rh94(3+)
70.6 s
ECp*
Pd940+
9.0 s
EC
Ag940+
10 ms
EC*
Rh95(9/2)+5.02 m
EC*
Pd95
EC*
Ag952.0 s
ECp
Rh966+
9.90 m
EC*
Pd960+
122 s
EC
Ag96(8+,9+)
5.1 s
ECp
Cd960+
Rh97(9/2)+30.7 m
EC*
Pd97(5/2+)3.10 m
EC
Ag97(9/2+)19 s
EC
Cd973 s
ECp
Rh98(2)+
8.7 m
EC*
Pd980+
17.7 m
EC
Ag98(5+)
46.7 s
EC
Cd980+
9.2 s
EC
In98
Rh991/2-
16.1 d
EC*
Pd99(5/2)+21.4 m
EC
Ag99(9/2)+124 s
EC*
Cd99(5/2+)16 s
ECp,ECα,...
In99
Rh1001-
20.8 h
EC*
Pd1000+
3.63 d
EC
Ag100(5)+
2.01 m
EC*
Cd1000+
49.1 s
EC
In1007.0 s
ECp
Sn1000+
0.94 s
ECp
Rh1011/2-3.3 y
EC*
Pd1015/2+
8.47 h
EC
Ag1019/2+
11.1 m
EC*
Cd101(5/2+)1.36 m
EC
In10115.1 s
ECp
Sn1013 s
ECp
Rh102(1-,2-)207 d
EC,β-*
Ag1025+
12.9 m
EC*
Cd1020+
5.5 m
EC
In102(6+)22 s
ECp
Sn1020+
4.5 s
EC
*
Pd1035/2+
16.991 d
EC
Ag1037/2+
65.7 m
EC*
Cd103(5/2+)7.3 m
EC
In103(9/2)+65 s
EC*
Sn1037 s
EC
Sb103
Rh1041+
42.3 s
EC,β-*
Ag1045+
69.2 m
*
Cd1040+
57.7 m
EC
In104(6+)
1.80 m
EC*
Sn1040+
20.8 s
EC
Sb1040.44 s
p,ECp,...
Rh1057/2+
35.36 h
β-*
Ag1051/2-
41.29 d
EC*
Cd1055/2+
55.5 m
EC
In105(9/2)+5.07 m
EC*
Sn10531 s
ECp
Sb1051.12 s
EC,p
Rh1061+
29.80 s
β-*
Ag1061+
23.96 m
EC,β-*
In1067+
6.2 m
EC*
Sn1060+
115 s
EC
Sb106(4+)
Te1060+
60 Us
α
Rh1077/2+
21.7 m
β-
Pd1075/2+
6.5E+6 y
β-*
*
Cd1075/2+
6.50 h
EC
In1079/2+
32.4 m
EC*
Sn107(5/2+)2.90 m
EC
Sb107(5/2+)
Te1073.1 ms
EC,α
Rh1081+
16.8 s
β-*
Ag1081+
2.37 m
EC,β-*
In1087+
58.0 m
EC*
Sn1080+
10.30 m
EC
Sb108(4+)7.4 s
ECp
Te1080+
2.1 s
α,ECp,...
I108(1)
36 ms
α,p
Rh1097/2+80 s
β-
Pd1095/2+
13.7012 h
β-*
*
Cd1095/2+
462.6 d
EC
In1099/2+4.2 h
EC*
Sn1095/2(+)18.0 m
EC
Sb109(5/2+)17.0 s
EC
Te1094.6 s
α,ECp,...
I109100 Us
p
Rh1101+
3.2 s
β-*
Ag1101+
24.6 s
EC,β-*
In1107+
4.9 h
EC*
Sn1100+
4.11 h
EC
Sb1103+
23.0 s
EC
Te1100+
18.6 s
EC,α
I1100.65 s
α,ECp,...
Xe1100+
0.60 Us
EC,α
Rh111(7/2+)11 s
β-
Pd1115/2+
23.4 m
β-*
Ag1111/2-
7.45 d
β-*
*
In1119/2+
2.8047 d
EC*
Sn1117/2+
35.3 m
EC
Sb111(5/2+)75 s
EC
Te111(5/2+)19.3 s
ECp
I111(5/2+)2.5 s
EC,α
Xe1110.74 s
EC,α
Rh1121+
2.1 s
β-*
Pd1120+
21.03 h
β-
Ag1122(-)
3.130 h
β-
In1121+
14.97 m
EC,β-*
Sb1123+
51.4 s
EC
Te1120+
2.0 m
EC
I1123.42 s
EC,α
Xe1120+
2.7 s
EC,α
Cs112500 Us
p
Rh113(7/2+)2.80 s
β-
Pd113(5/2+)93 s
β-*
Ag1131/2-
5.37 h
β-*
*
*
Sn1131/2+
115.09 d
EC*
Sb1135/2+
6.67 m
EC
Te113(7/2+)1.7 m
EC
I113(5/2+)6.6 s
α,ECα,...
Xe1132.74 s
α,ECp,...
Cs113(5/2+)17 Us
EC,p
Rh1141+
1.85 s
β-*
Pd1140+
2.42 m
β-
Ag1141+
4.6 s
β-*
In1141+
71.9 s
EC,β-*
Sb1143+
3.49 m
EC
Te1140+
15.2 m
EC
I1141+
2.1 s
ECp*
Xe1140+
10.0 s
EC
Cs114(1+)
0.57 s
α,ECp,...
Ba1140+
0.43 s
EC,α
Rh115(7/2+)0.99 s
β-
Pd115(5/2+)25 s
β-*
Ag1151/2-
20.0 m
β-*
Cd1151/2+
53.46 h
β-*
*
Sb1155/2+
32.1 m
EC
Te1157/2+5.8 m
EC*
I115(5/2+)1.3 m
EC
Xe115(5/2+)18 s
ECp,ECα,...
Cs1151.4 s
ECp
Ba1150.4 s
EC
Rh1161+
0.68 s
β-*
Pd1160+
11.8 s
β-
Ag116(2)-
2.68 m
β-*
In1161+
14.10 s
EC,β-*
Sb1163+
15.8 m
EC*
Te1160+
2.49 h
EC
I1161+
2.91 s
EC*
Xe1160+
59 s
EC
Cs116>4+
3.84 s
ECp,ECα,...*
Ba1160+
0.3 s
EC
Rh117(7/2+)0.44 s
β-
Pd117(5/2+)4.3 s
β-*
Ag117(1/2-)72.8 s
β-*
Cd1171/2+
2.49 h
β-*
In1179/2+
43.2 m
β-*
*
Sb1175/2+
2.80 h
EC
Te1171/2+62 m
EC*
I117(5/2)+2.22 m
EC
Xe1175/2(+)61 s
ECp
Cs117(9/2+)8.4 s
EC*
Ba117(3/2)1.75 s
ECp,ECα,...
La117
Rh118
Pd1180+
1.9 s
β-
Ag118(1)-
3.76 s
β-*
Cd1180+
50.3 m
β-
In1181+
5.0 s
β-*
Sb1181+
3.6 m
EC*
Te1180+
6.00 d
EC
I1182-
13.7 m
EC*
Xe1180+
3.8 m
EC
Cs1182
14 s
ECp,ECα,...*
Ba1180+
5.5 s
EC
La118
Rh119
Pd1190.92 s
β-
Ag119(7/2+)2.1 s
β-*
Cd1193/2+
2.69 m
β-*
In1199/2+2.4 m
β-*
*
Sb1195/2+
38.19 h
EC*
Te1191/2+
16.03 h
EC*
I1195/2+
19.1 m
EC
Xe119(5/2+)5.8 m
EC
Cs1199/2+
43.0 s
EC*
Ba119(5/2+)5.4 s
ECp
La119
Ce119
Rh120
β-
Pd1200+
0.5 s
β-
Ag120(3+)
1.23 s
β-*
Cd1200+
50.80 s
β-
In1201+
3.08 s
β-*
Sb1201+
15.89 m
EC*
I1202-
81.0 m
EC*
Xe1200+
40 m
EC
Cs1202
64 s
EC*
Ba1200+
32 s
EC
La1202.8 s
EC
Ce1200+
Rh121
Pd121
Ag121(7/2+)0.78 s
β-n
Cd121(3/2+)13.5 s
β-*
In1219/2+
23.1 s
β-*
Sn1213/2+
27.06 h
β-*
Te1211/2+
16.78 d
EC*
I1215/2+
2.12 h
EC
Xe1215/2(+)40.1 m
EC
Cs1213/2(+)155 s
EC*
Ba1215/2(+)29.7 s
ECp
La1215.3 s
ECp
Ce121
Pr1211.4 s
ECp
Rh122
β-
Pd1220+
Ag122(3+)
0.48 s
β-n*
Cd1220+
5.24 s
β-
In1221+
1.5 s
β-*
Sb1222-
2.7238 d
EC,β-*
I1221+
3.63 m
EC*
Xe1220+
20.1 h
EC
Cs1221+
21.0 s
EC*
Ba1220+
1.95 m
EC
La1228.7 s
ECp
Ce122
Pr122
Pd123
Ag123(7/2+)0.309 s
β-n
Cd123(3/2)+2.10 s
β-*
In1239/2+
5.98 s
β-*
Sn12311/2-
129.2 d
β-*
*
I1235/2+
13.27 h
EC
Xe123(1/2)+2.08 h
EC
Cs1231/2+
5.94 m
EC*
Ba1235/2+2.7 m
EC
La12317 s
EC
Ce123(5/2)3.2 s
ECp
Pr123
Pd124
β-
Ag1240.172 s
β-n
Cd1240+
1.25 s
β-
In1243+
3.11 s
β-*
Sb1243-
60.20 d
β-*
I1242-
4.1760 d
EC
Cs1241+
30.8 s
EC*
Ba1240+
11.0 m
EC
La12429 s
EC*
Ce1240+6 s
EC
Pr1241.2 s
ECp
Ag125166 ms
β-n
Cd125(3/2+)0.65 s
β-*
In1259/2(+)2.36 s
β-*
Sn12511/2-9.64 d
β-*
Sb1257/2+
2.7582 y
β-
*
I1255/2+
59.408 d
EC
Xe125(1/2)+16.9 h
EC*
Cs125(1/2+)45 m
EC
Ba1251/2(+)3.5 m
EC
La125(11/2-)
76 s
EC
Ce125(5/2+)9.0 s
ECp
Pr1253.3 s
EC
Ag126107 ms
β-
Cd1260+
0.506 s
β-
In1263(+)
1.60 s
β-*
Sn1260+
1E+5 y
β-
Sb126(8)-
12.46 d
β-*
I1262-
13.11 d
EC,β-
Cs1261+
1.64 m
EC
Ba1260+
100 m
EC
La12654 s
EC
Ce1260+
50 s
EC
Pr126(3,4,5)3.14 s
ECp
Nd126
Ag127109 ms
β-
Cd127(3/2+)0.37 s
β-
In127(9/2+)1.09 s
β-n*
Sn127(11/2-)2.10 h
β-*
Sb1277/2+
3.85 d
β-
Te1273/2+
9.35 h
β-*
Xe1271/2+
36.4 d
EC*
Cs1271/2+
6.25 h
EC
Ba1271/2+
12.7 m
EC*
La127(11/2-)5.1 m
EC*
Ce127(5/2+)31 s
EC
Pr127(11/2-)4.2 s
EC
Nd1271.8 s
ECp
Ag12858 ms
β-n
Cd1280+
0.34 s
β-
In128(3+)
0.84 s
β-n*
Sn1280+
59.07 m
β-*
Sb1288-
9.01 h
β-*
I1281+
24.99 m
EC,β-
Cs1281+
3.66 m
EC
Ba1280+
2.43 d
EC
La128(5+)
5.0 m
EC*
Ce1280+
4.1 s
EC
Pr1284,5,63.1 s
ECp
Nd1280+4 s
ECp
Ag129
β-n
Cd129(3/2+)0.27 s
β-
In129(9/2+)0.61 s
β-n*
Sn129(3/2+)2.23 m
β-*
Sb1297/2+
4.40 h
β-*
Te1293/2+
69.6 m
β-*
I1297/2+
1.57E7 y
β-
*
Cs1291/2+
32.06 h
EC
Ba1291/2+
2.23 h
EC*
La1293/2+
11.6 m
EC*
Ce1295/2+3.5 m
EC
Pr129(3/2+)30 s
EC
Nd129(5/2+)
7 s
ECp
Cd1300+
0.20 s
β-n
In1301(-)
0.32 s
β-n*
Sn1300+
3.72 m
β-*
Sb130(8-)
39.5 m
β-*
I1305+
12.36 h
β-*
Cs1301+
29.21 m
EC,β-*
*
La1303(+)
8.7 m
EC
Ce1300+
25 m
EC
Pr13040.0 s
EC
Nd1300+
28 s
EC
In131(9/2+)0.282 s
β-n*
Sn131(3/2+)56.0 s
β-*
Sb131(7/2+)
23.03 m
β-
Te1313/2+
25.0 m
β-*
I1317/2+
8.02070 d
β-
*
Cs1315/2+
9.689 d
EC
Ba1311/2+
11.50 d
EC*
La1313/2+59 m
EC
Ce131(7/2+)10.2 m
EC*
Pr131(3/2+)1.53 m
EC*
Nd131(5/2)27 s
ECp
In132(7-)
0.201 s
β-n
Sn1320+
39.7 s
β-
Sb132(4+)
2.79 m
β-*
Te1320+
3.204 d
β-
I1324+
2.295 h
β-*
*
Cs1322+
6.479 d
EC,β-
La1322-
4.8 h
EC*
Ce1320+
3.51 h
EC*
Pr1321.6 m
EC
Nd1320+
1.75 m
EC
In133(9/2+)180 ms
β-n
Sn133(7/2-)1.45 s
β-n
Sb133(7/2+)2.5 m
β-
Te133(3/2+)12.5 m
β-*
I1337/2+
20.8 h
β-*
Xe1333/2+
5.243 d
β-*
Ba1331/2+
10.51 y
EC*
La1335/2+
3.912 h
EC
Ce1331/2+97 m
EC*
Pr133(3/2+)6.5 m
EC
Nd133(7/2+)70 s
EC*
In134138 ms
β-n
Sn1340+
1.12 s
β-n
Sb134(0-)
0.78 s
β-*
Te1340+
41.8 m
β-
I134(4)+
52.5 m
β-*
*
Cs1344+
2.0648 y
EC,β-*
*
La1341+
6.45 m
EC
Ce1340+
3.16 d
EC
Pr1342-
17 m
EC*
Nd1340+
8.5 m
EC*
Sn135
Sb135(7/2+)1.71 s
β-n
Te135(7/2-)19.0 s
β-
I1357/2+
6.57 h
β-
Xe1353/2+
9.14 h
β-*
Cs1357/2+
2.3E+6 y
β-*
*
La1355/2+
19.5 h
EC
Ce1351/2(+)17.7 h
EC*
Pr1353/2(+)24 m
EC
Nd1359/2(-)
12.4 m
EC*
Sn1360+
Sb1360.82 s
β-n,β-2n,...
Te1360+
17.5 s
β-n
I136(1-)
83.4 s
β-*
Cs1365+
13.16 d
β-*
*
La1361+
9.87 m
EC*
Pr1362+
13.1 m
EC
Nd1360+
50.65 m
EC
Sn137
Sb137
Te137(7/2-)2.49 s
β-n
I137(7/2+)24.5 s
β-n
Xe1377/2-
3.818 m
β-
Cs1377/2+
30.07 y
β-
*
La1377/2+
6E4 y
EC
Ce1373/2+9.0 h
EC*
Pr1375/2+
1.28 h
EC
Nd1371/2+
38.5 m
EC*
Sb138
Te1380+
1.4 s
β-n
I138(2-)
6.49 s
β-n
Xe1380+
14.08 m
β-
Cs1383-
33.41 m
β-*
*
Pr1381+
1.45 m
EC*
Nd1380+
5.04 h
EC
Sb139
Te139
I139(7/2+)2.29 s
β-n
Xe1393/2-
39.68 s
β-
Cs1397/2+
9.27 m
β-
Ba1397/2-
83.06 m
β-
Ce1393/2+
137.640 d
EC*
Pr1395/2+
4.41 h
EC
Nd1393/2+
29.7 m
EC*
Te1400+
I140(4)
0.86 s
β-n
Xe1400+
13.60 s
β-
Cs1401-
63.7 s
β-
Ba1400+
12.752 d
β-
La1403-
1.6781 d
β-
Pr1401+
3.39 m
EC
Nd1400+
3.37 d
EC
Te141
I1410.43 s
β-n
Xe1415/2(-)1.73 s
β-n
Cs1417/2+
24.94 s
β-n
Ba1413/2-
18.27 m
β-
La141(7/2+)3.92 h
β-
Ce1417/2-
32.501 d
β-
Nd1413/2+
2.49 h
EC*
Te1420+
I142
Xe1420+
1.22 s
β-n
Cs1420-
1.70 s
β-n
Ba1420+
10.6 m
β-
La1422-
91.1 m
β-
Pr1422-
19.12 h
EC,β-*
I143
Xe1435/2-
0.30 s
β-
Cs1433/2+
1.78 s
β-n
Ba1435/2-
14.33 s
β-
La143(7/2)+14.2 m
β-
Ce1433/2-
33.039 h
β-
Pr1437/2+
13.57 d
β-
I144
Xe1440+
1.15 s
β-
Cs1441
1.01 s
β-n*
Ba1440+
11.5 s
β-n
La144(3-)
40.8 s
β-
Ce1440+
284.893 d
β-
Pr1440-
17.28 m
β-*
Xe1450.9 s
β-n
Cs1453/2+
0.594 s
β-n
Ba1455/2-
4.31 s
β-
La145(5/2+)24.8 s
β-
Ce145(3/2)-
3.01 m
β-
Pr1457/2+
5.984 h
β-
Xe1460+
β-
Cs1461-
0.321 s
β-n
Ba1460+
2.22 s
β-
La1462-
6.27 s
β-*
Ce1460+
13.52 m
β-
Pr146(2)-
24.15 m
β-
Xe147
Cs147(3/2+)0.225 s
β-n
Ba147(3/2+)0.893 s
β-n
La147(5/2+)4.015 s
β-n
Ce147(5/2-)56.4 s
β-
Pr147(3/2+)13.4 m
β-
Nd1475/2-
10.98 d
β-
Cs148158 ms
β-n
Ba1480+
0.607 s
β-n
La148(2-)
1.05 s
β-n
Ce1480+
56 s
β-
Pr1481-
2.27 m
β-*
Cs149
Ba1490.344 s
β-n
La1491.05 s
β-n
Ce149(3/2-)5.3 s
β-
Pr149(5/2+)2.26 m
β-
Nd1495/2-
1.728 h
β-
Cs150
Ba1500+
0.3 s
β-n
La1500.86 s
β-n
Ce1500+
4.0 s
β-
Pr150(1)-
6.19 s
β-
Cs151
Ba151
La151
Ce1511.02 s
β-
Pr151(3/2-)
18.90 s
β-
Nd1513/2+
12.44 m
β-
Ba1520+
La152
Ce1520+
1.4 s
β-
Pr152(4-)
3.63 s
β-
Nd1520+
11.4 m
β-
Ba153
La153
Ce153
Pr1534.28 s
β-
Nd153(3/2)-31.6 s
β-
La154
Ce1540+
Pr154(3+,2+)
2.3 s
β-
Nd1540+
25.9 s
β-
La155
Ce155
Pr155
Nd1558.9 s
β-
Ce1560+
Pr156
Nd1560+
5.47 s
β-
Ce157
Pr157
Nd157
Pr158
Nd1580+
Pr159
Nd159 Nd1600+
Nd161
Pd1020+
1.02Rh103
1/2-
100
Pd1040+
11.14
Pd1055/2+
22.33
Pd1060+
27.33
Cd1060+
1.25Ag107
1/2-
51.839Pd108
0+
26.46
Cd1080+
0.89Ag109
1/2-
48.161Pd110
0+
11.72
Cd1100+
12.49
Cd1111/2+
12.80
Cd1120+
24.13
Sn1120+
0.97
Cd1131/2+
7.7E+15 y
β-12.22
In1139/2+
4.3Cd114
0+
28.73
Sn1140+
0.65In115
9/2+4.41E+14 y
β-95.7
Sn1151/2+
0.34
Cd1160+
7.49
Sn1160+
14.53
Sn1171/2+
7.68
Sn1180+
24.23
Sn1191/2+
8.59
Sn1200+
32.59
Te1200+
0.096Sb121
5/2+
57.36Sn122
0+
4.63
Te1220+
2.603Sb123
7/2+
42.64
Te1231/2+
1E+13 y
EC0.908
Sn1240+
5.79
Te1240+
4.816
Xe1240+
1.6E+14 y
ECEC0.10
Te1251/2+
7.139
Te1260+
18.95
Xe1260+
0.09I1275/2+
100Te128
0+2.2E24 y
β-β-31.69
Xe1280+
1.91
Xe1291/2+
26.4
Te1300+
7.9E20 y
β-33.80
Xe1300+
4.1
Ba1300+
0.106
Xe1313/2+
21.2
Xe1320+
26.9
Ba1320+
0.101Cs133
7/2+
100Xe134
0+
10.4
Ba1340+
2.417
Ba1353/2+
6.592
Xe1360+
2.36E21 y
8.9
Ba1360+
7.854
Ce1360+
0.19
Ba1373/2+
11.23
Ba1380+
71.70
La1385+
1.05E+11 y
EC,β-0.0902
Ce1380+
0.25La139
7/2+
99.9098
Ce1400+
88.48
Pr1415/2+
100Ce142
0+5E+16 y
11.08
Nd1420+
27.13
Nd1437/2-
12.18
Nd1440+
2.29E+15 y
α23.80
Nd1457/2-
8.30
Nd1460+
17.19
Nd1480+
5.76
Nd1500+
1.1E19 y
β-5.64
45Rh
1.12×10 -9%102.90550
28
1816
1
1964°3695°
+3
46Pd
4.5×10 -9%106.42
28
1818
0
1554.9°2963°
+2+4
47Ag
1.58×10 -9%107.8682
28
18181
961.78°2162°
+1
48Cd
5.3×10 -9%112.411
28
18182
321.07°767°
+2
49In
6.0×10-10%114.818
28
1818
3
156.60°2072°
+3
50Sn
1.25×10 -8%118.710
28
1818
4
231.93°2602°
+2+4
51Sb
1.01×10 -9%121.760
28
1818
5
630.63°1587°
+3+5-3
52Te
1.57×10 -8%127.60
28
1818
6
449.51°988°
+4+6-2
53I
2.9×10 -9%126.90447
28
1818
7
113.7°184.4°
546°+1+5+7-1
54Xe
1.5×10 -8%131.29
28
1818
8
-111.75°-108.04°
16.58°0
55Cs
1.21×10 -9%132.90545
28
1818
81
28.44°671°
+1
56Ba
1.46×10 -8%137.327
28
181882
727°1897°
+2
57La
1.45×10 -9%138.9055
28
1818
92
918°3464°
+3
58Ce
3.70×10 -9%140.116
28
1819
92
798°3443°
+3+4
59Pr
5.44×10-10%140.90765
28
1821
82
931°3520°
+3
60Nd
2.70×10 -9%144.24
28
1822
82
1021°3074°
+3
44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
80 82
84 86
88 90
92 94 96
98
100
Decay Q-value RangeQ(??)Q(β−)>0Q(β−)-SN>0Q(β−)>0 + Q(EC)>0Stable to Beta DecayQ(EC)>0Q(EC)-SP>0Q(P)>0Naturally Abundant
GSI,RIKEN Snisotope
• Xe :gastarget- hardtouseatGSIorRIKEN
RCNP Xe isotope
Isotope/isotonestudy N=82:magicnumber
RCNP(ResearchCenterforNuclearPhysics)
250 300 350 400 4500
50
100
150
200momentum transfer
200 250 300 350 4000
50
100
150
200momentum transferChoiceofthereaction
• recoillessconditionBeamenergy• (d,3He)~250MeV/u• (p,2He)~330MeV
6
(p,2He)@4.5°
(p,2He)@0°
(d,3He)@0°
AvailableatRCNP
mom
entumtransfer[M
eV/c
2 ]mom
entumtransfer[M
eV/c
2 ]
injectionenergy[MeV/u]
injectionenergy[MeV/u]
pionic atomswith(p,2He)@RCNP
RCNP(ResearchCenterforNuclearPhysics)
• AVFcyclotron+ringcyclotron• Thetwo-armspectrometer:
GrandRaiden/LAS(LargeAcceptanceSpectrometer)
7
LASGrandRaiden
Protonenergy :upto400MeV
Pionic atomatRCNP:(p,2He)• 1990s
• Boundstateswasformed• Energylevelcouldn’tbedetermined- resolution :700keV (FWHM)
8
N.Matsuokaetal.,Phys.Lett.B359(1995)39.
π- bindingenergy [MeV]
determinationofthebindingenergyandthewidth
Improvementoftheresolution
Boundregion
(p,2He)reactionatRCNP
• LAS:• resolution700keV (FWHM)• acceptance:2.4msr
• Beamintensity:0.5~1nA
• GrandRaiden• resolution~250keV (FWHM)• acceptance:0.04msr
• Beamintensity:~30nA
9
N.Matsuokaetal.,Phys.Lett.B359(1995)39.
π-bindingenergy[MeV]
Previousexperiment
Newexperiment LASGrandRaiden
Experimentalsetup• GrandRaiden Resolution:200~250keV (FWHM)
- uncertaintyofreactionvertex- beamresolution
• Intensebeam:30nA
10
2He
beam
LAS
driftchamber&scintillator
target
beamdump
Schedule/Futureplan
• Testexperiment– feasibilitystudy
• Pilotexperiment- target:124Sn
• Proposalwassubmitted
• Target:Xe11
Phase1
Phase0(2015– 2016)
Phase2
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 5: Simulated raw spectra (left) and acceptance corrected and accidental back-ground subtracted spectra (right) with different conditions of beam intensity and du-ration of beamtime. See the text for details.
11
Phase1experiment– expectedspectrum• [email protected]°• 124Sntarget
(30mg/cm2)• 350MeVprotonbeam• Beamintensity:
30nA,10days
12
0
1
2
3
4
-148 -146 -144 -142 -140
d2σ
dΩdE
[µb/
sr M
eV]
-Q [MeV]
124Sn(p,2p)
1s 2s1/2
1s 1d3/2
1s 1d5/2
2p 2s1/2
2p 1d3/2
2p 1d5/2
Theoreticalcalculation
Simulatedspectrum
J.Yamagata-Sekihara,N.Ikeno,andS.Hirenzaki,privatecommunication.
πB=0[MeV]
Observe3peaks(1s)π
(2p)π(2p)π 124Sn(p,2He)@4.5°
Feasibilitystudy• Detectionof2HeatGrandRaiden
- Observed12C(p,2He)11B
• Testforintensebeam• Backgroundmeasurement• Howtocheckthebeamstability• Opticsstudy
13
beamline was more than 90%.
• The background of the measurement was studied. The trigger rate was about 10
kHz for a 30 nA proton beam on a 50 mg/cm2 target.
• There were two sources of background protons irrelevant to 2He production: one
is from the (p,p’) reaction and the other is the instrumental background. The
latter can be removed by measuring the RF timing, which is almost equivalent
to the time of flight between the target and the focal plane. The instrumental
background was about 4 times larger than the (p,p’) reaction with the GRAF
setup. Only the (p,p’) reaction contaminates the spectrum of 2He.
• The cross section of 120Sn(p,p’) reaction at the momentum region of pionic atom
measurement was evaluated to be 1.5 mb/sr/MeV.
• We investigated the 12C(p,2He)11B reaction, which can be used for a calibration
(Fig. 2). We observed about 350 events of the transition to the grand state of11B in a 20-minutes measurement for a 30 nA proton beam on a 50 mg/cm2 CH2
target.
• We observed monochromatic pions due to the p(p,π+)d reaction with LAS at
61 degrees. This reaction will be used for an in-situ measurement of the beam
energy as described in Section 2.3.
4− 2− 0 2 4 6 8 100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
11B Excitation Energy [MeV]
coun
ts/1
00 k
eV
Figure 2: 11B excitation energy spectrum in the 12C(p,2He)11B reaction.
6
excitedstate
groundstate
12C(p,2He)11B
Summary• (d,3He)– GSI,RIKEN• (p,2He)– RCNP• PossibletouseGastarget• highprecisionmeasurement
- GrandRaiden– highresolution
• TestexperimentatRCNP• Proposalwassubmitted• Target:124Sn Xe isotopes(futureplan)
14