MATLAB - elprivod.nmu.org.uaelprivod.nmu.org.ua/files/mathapps/Дьяконов_matlab... · Д93...
Transcript of MATLAB - elprivod.nmu.org.uaelprivod.nmu.org.ua/files/mathapps/Дьяконов_matlab... · Д93...
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MATLAB
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, 2012
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32.973.26018.2 004.438
93
93 . .MATLAB. . .: , 2012. 768 .: .
ISBN 9785940746522
MATLAB, - , . MATLAB, - (GUI). MATLAB, , . MATLAB , - . , , .
MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademark of The The MathWorks Inc.Blockset, Toolbox and it components are trademark of The The MathWorks Inc.
32.973.26018.2 004.438
. .
, , . , . , .
. ., 2012ISBN 9785940746522 , , , 2012
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........................................................................ 35
................. 40
1. MATLAB ........................................................................ 41
2. ........................................................ 91
3. ................ 151
4. .......................................................... 193
5. ......................................... 233
6. .............................................. 277
7. ................................... 341
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8. ....................................... 383
9. ............................................ 441
10. , ......................................... 493
11. ......................................... 531
12. GUI ................................ 591
13. MATLAB ..... 659
14. MATLAB ............ 717
................................................ 743
........................................ 747
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........................................................................ 35
................. 40
1. MATLAB ............ 41
1.1. MATLAB ... 42
1.1.1. ............................. 42
1.1.2. MATLAB ................ 43
1.1.3. ......................... 44
1.1.4. MATLAB 7 + Simulink 6 ........... 45
1.1.5. MATLAB ..................................... 45
1.2. MATLAB...................................... 46
1.2.1. MATLAB ............. 46
1.2.2. MATLAB ......... 47
1.2.3. MATLAB ................ 48
1.2.4. ...................... 49
1.2.5. .................................... 49
1.3. MATLAB ........................... 50
1.3.1. MATLAB ...... 50
1.3.2. ............... 53
1.3.3. MATLAB ........................................................ 54
1.4. MATLAB .................................. 55
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1.4.1. ................... 55
1.4.2. .................... 55
1.4.3. ....................................................... 56
1.4.4. ....................... 57
1.4.5. .................... 58
1.4.6. .............. 58
1.4.7. .................. 59
1.4.8. MATLAB ............. 60
1.4.9. : () ...................... 62
1.4.10. .......................................... 63
1.4.11. ............................................................................. 64
1.5. ..................... 66
1.5.1. ................................................................. 66
1.5.2. ...................................................................... 67
1.5.3. ........................................................................... 68
1.5.4. () ...................... 69
1.5.5. ......................... 70
1.6. , m> ................................. 70
1.6.1. .......................... 70
1.6.2. ...................... 71
1.6.3. ................................................... 71
1.6.4. ........................... 72
1.6.5. m> .............................. 73
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1.6.6. ........ 73
1.7. ............................................................................... 74
1.7.1. ...... 74
1.7.2. ............................. 75
1.7.3. .................................... 76
1.7.4. ................................... 77
1.7.5. .................... 77
1.8. ....................................................... 78
1.8.1. ............ 78
1.8.2. ............. 79
1.8.3. e^pi pi^e?...................................... 80
1.8.4. ................................................ 81
1.8.5. m> ................ 81
1.9. MATLAB ..... 82
1.9.1. MATLAB .............. 82
1.9.2. ...................... 83
1.9.3. ............................................ 84
1.9.4. fplot ...................................... 85
1.10. MATLAB ............................................................................. 86
1.10.1. ........................ 86
1.10.2. .................................. 87
1.10.3. ................................. 88
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2. ............................................................... 91
2.1. MATLAB ................... 92
2.1.1. ............................... 92
2.1.2. ........................................ 93
2.1.3. who whos .............................................................................. 95
2.1.4. .................................. 96
2.2. ......................................................... 96
2.2.1. , ............................ 96
2.2.2. MATLAB ........................................... 97
2.2.3. File ................................................................. 97
2.2.4. ........... 98
2.2.5. .......................... 99
2.2.6. Edit ..... 99
2.2.7. ...................................... 100
2.3. m> ... 100
2.3.1. / m>.......... 100
2.3.2. .. 102
2.3.3. > > .. 102
2.3.4. ........ 103
2.4. MATLAB ..... 104
2.4.1. Graphics ............................... 104
2.4.2. 2D> MATLAB ..................... 104
2.4.3. MATLAB .................. 105
2.4.4. ..................... 108
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2.4.5. ......................................................... 111
2.4.6. MATLAB ........................................ 114
2.5. ............................ 115
2.5.1. .................. 115
2.5.2. .................... 117
2.5.3. Tools ..................................... 117
2.5.4. .................................. 117
2.5.5. ................................................. 118
2.6. .................. 118
2.6.1. ................. 118
2.6.2. ......................... 118
2.6.3. Plot Tool ............................ 120
2.6.4. MATLAB .................. 120
2.6.5. ................................................................ 121
2.6.6. ....................................................... 123
2.6.7. ........................... 124
2.6.8. Tools ......................... 124
2.6.9. ... 125
2.6.10. ........................ 126
2.6.11. ... 127
2.6.12. 3D> ............................. 128
2.7. ................ 130
2.7.1. ............... 130
2.7.2. ............................................................................ 132
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2.7.3. mat> ................................ 133
2.7.4. ...................... 133
2.7.5. .............................................. 135
2.8. .................................................................... 135
2.8.1. Help Desk .................. 136
2.8.2. ..... 137
2.8.3. ............ 139
2.9. MATLAB R2007 .............................................................. 140
2.9.1. MATLAB R2007a ............ 140
2.9.2. MATLAB R2007a............... 141
2.9.3. / MATLAB R2007a .............................................................. 143
2.9.4. MATLAB R2007a ....................................... 144
2.9.5. MATLAB R2007a,b................... 144
2.9.6. MATLAB R2007b ................... 145
2.9.7. MATLAB R2007b ......................... 146
2.9.8. MATLAB R2007a,b ............................................................ 148
3. ........................... 151
3.1. ........ 152
3.1.1. ... 152
3.1.2. ............................................ 153
3.1.3. ........................ 155
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3.2. ........................................ 156
3.2.1. .......................................... 156
3.2.2. ..................... 159
3.3. ................... 161
3.3.1. ............................ 161
3.3.2. ............................................. 162
3.3.3. ..................... 165
3.4. ................ 168
3.4.1. ......... 168
3.4.2. ........................................ 173
3.4.3. .............................................. 177
3.5. ............................................... 180
3.5.1. ........................... 180
3.5.2. ...................... 181
3.6. .......... 182
3.6.1. ....................................................... 182
3.6.2. .................................................. 183
3.6.3. > ................................. 186
3.6.4. .................... 187
3.6.5. ................................................... 188
3.6.6. ................... 189
3.6.7. > ............................... 189
3.6.8. ..................... 190
3.6.9. > psi......................................... 191
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4. ............................................................... 193
4.1. .... 194
4.1.1. ............................... 194
4.1.2. ...... 194
4.1.3. .......... 195
4.1.4. .............................................................................. 195
4.1.5. .............................. 196
4.1.6. ... 196
4.1.7. ...................................................................... 198
4.2. ....................................... 199
4.2.1. ............................................ 199
4.2.2. ............. 200
4.2.3. .......................... 201
4.2.4. .................................... 201
4.2.5. ..................... 203
4.2.6. ............................ 204
4.2.7. .................................................... 205
4.2.8. ................. 205
4.2.9. ........................... 206
4.3. ............................................................................ 207
4.3.1. ................................... 207
4.3.2. ................................................ 207
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4.3.3. ................................................. 208
4.3.4. .................................................. 208
4.3.5. ............................................... 209
4.3.6. ............................. 210
4.3.7. .................................................. 210
4.3.8. .................................................. 211
4.3.9. .................................................. 212
4.3.10. ........................................ 212
4.3.11. ........................................... 213
4.4. ......... 213
4.4.1. .............................................. 213
4.4.2. ......................................................................... 215
4.4.3. ............................... 217
4.4.4. ................................. 217
4.4.5. ......................................................................... 218
4.4.6. ............................................................................ 219
4.4.7. ........................................................ 219
4.4.8. .................................. 220
4.4.9. .......................................... 220
4.4.10. inv, pinv ................ 221
4.4.11. LU> QR> .......................................... 222
4.4.12. ....................................................... 225
4.4.13. ................................................................ 227
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4.5. ... 231
4.5.1. MATLAB ............................................................. 231
4.5.2. MATLAB 7.* ... 231
5. ................................................. 233
5.1. ........................................ 234
5.1.1. ............... 234
5.1.2. .................. 234
5.1.3. .................. 237
5.1.4. ........................................................................... 240
5.1.5. spy .. 241
5.1.6. ...................................... 242
5.2. .................... 245
5.2.1. ................................... 245
5.2.2. bucky......................... 246
5.2.3. ........................................ 246
5.2.4. .............................................................. 247
5.2.5. , ................................................... 249
5.2.6. ...................................................... 250
5.3. ........................... 250
5.3.1. , .................................................... 250
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5.3.2. ................................................ 252
5.3.3. LU> .................... 253
5.3.4. ...................................................... 255
5.4. ....................................... 255
5.4.1. ......................... 255
5.4.2. : .... 257
5.4.3. .... 258
5.4.4. .......................................................................... 258
5.4.5. , ................................................... 259
5.4.6. ones, zeros, rand randn .......................... 259
5.4.7. ................... 260
5.4.8. reshape ...................................... 261
5.5. .................. 262
5.5.1. ............ 262
5.5.2. ................. 262
5.5.3. .............................. 263
5.5.4. ...................... 264
5.6. ....................................... 264
5.6.1. ................................................ 264
5.6.2. ...... 265
5.6.3. ................................... 266
5.6.4. ........................... 266
5.7. ...................................... 267
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5.7.1. ............................... 267
5.7.2. ... 267
5.7.3. ................ 268
5.7.4. ..................................................... 268
5.7.5. ............................ 268
5.8. ...................................................... 269
5.8.1. ..................................... 269
5.8.2. cell ............... 270
5.8.3. ............................... 271
5.8.4. .............................................................................. 271
5.8.5. deal ................ 272
5.8.6. ...................... 273
5.8.7. ................ 273
5.9. ............................ 274
5.9.1. ................ 274
5.9.2. .................................... 275
6. ..................................................... 277
6.1. ................................. 278
6.1.1. .............. 278
6.1.2. ................ 282
6.1.3. ......... 283
6.1.4. ........................................ 284
6.1.5. ......................................................... 285
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6.1.6. ............................................. 286
6.1.7. ............................ 287
6.1.8. ................. 288
6.2. ...................................................................... 289
6.2.1. ............... 289
6.2.2. ........................................... 290
6.3. ....................................... 291
6.3.1. ................................................. 291
6.3.2. ............... 292
6.4. ............................. 293
6.4.1. ............................................... 293
6.4.2. .......................................................................... 294
6.4.3. ...................................... 296
6.4.4. .......................................... 297
6.4.5. 3D> .......................... 298
6.4.6. 3D> ..................... 301
6.4.7. ..................... 301
6.5. 3D> ................................................................... 302
6.5.1. ..................... 302
6.5.2. ................ 305
6.5.3. .................. 306
6.5.4. ............................................................................. 307
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6.5.5. .. 308
6.5.6. ............. 310
6.5.7. ............................ 310
6.6. ..................... 312
6.6.1. ................................ 312
6.6.2. .................................. 312
6.6.3. ...................... 312
6.6.4. ......... 315
6.7. ................................ 316
6.7.1. .................................. 316
6.7.2. ... 319
6.7.3. ................ 319
6.7.4. ............................. 321
6.7.5. ....................... 322
6.7.6. ............................... 324
6.7.7. .............................. 324
6.8. ............................... 327
6.8.1. ..................................... 327
6.8.2. ............................................... 328
6.8.3. .......................................... 328
6.8.4. .......................... 329
6.8.5. .............. 330
6.8.6. ........................ 331
6.8.7. ............................................. 332
6.8.8. ................. 333
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6.8.9. ....... 334
6.8.10. ............ 335
6.8.11. ..................................................................... 335
6.9. ............................ 336
6.9.1. ........................................... 336
6.9.2. ................................................ 337
6.9.3. 3D> ............. 338
7. ........................................... 341
7.1. ....................................... 342
7.1.1. ................................ 342
7.1.2. ............................ 342
7.1.3. ............................... 344
7.1.4. MATLAB ................... 344
7.1.5. ............................ 345
7.2. ....................... 347
7.2.1. .......................... 347
7.2.2. ...... 347
7.2.3. ... 348
7.2.4. .......................................................................... 348
7.2.5. .......................................... 348
7.2.6. ............... 350
7.2.7. get .......................... 351
7.2.8. set ............ 352
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7.2.9. ................................................. 352
7.2.10. ....................... 353
7.2.11. ....... 356
7.2.12. .................... 357
7.3. ............................ 357
7.3.1. ................................................... 357
7.3.2. ................. 359
7.4. GUI .... 362
7.4.1. GUI .................... 362
7.4.2. GUI ............... 364
7.4.3. GUI .......................... 365
7.4.4. ........................................................ 366
7.4.5. ........................................................................... 367
7.5. .......................... 369
7.5.1. OpenGL ................................. 369
7.5.2. ........................................................................ 370
7.5.3. .......................................... 370
7.6. ................................................................... 372
7.6.1. Path> ......................................... 372
7.6.2. ...... 373
7.6.3. ........................................................................ 375
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7.6.4. ...................................... 375
7.6.5. ...................... 377
7.6.6. ................. 378
7.6.7. ... 379
7.6.8. .................................................. 381
8. ................................................ 383
8.1. () .... 384
8.1.1. ........................................ 384
8.1.2. ............................................................ 386
8.1.3. .......................................... 387
8.2. ..... 388
8.2.1. , ............................................. 388
8.2.2. .... 390
8.2.3. .................... 392
8.2.4. ............................ 392
8.2.5. ..... 393
8.2.6. ............ 393
8.2.7. qmr ........... 394
8.3. ............................. 394
8.3.1. ... 394
8.3.2. ......................................................................... 395
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8.3.3. fsolve solve ..... 396
8.3.4. ............... 397
8.4. ..................... 398
8.4.1. ............ 398
8.4.2. > ......................................................... 398
8.4.3. ........ 400
8.4.4. .................................................. 400
8.5. ............................ 403
8.5.1. .................................. 403
8.5.2. .................................................................... 404
8.5.3. ............................ 407
8.6. ................................ 408
8.6.1. ...................... 408
8.6.2. ..................... 409
8.6.3. .......... 410
8.7. ...... 411
8.7.1. ....................................... 411
8.7.2. .......................... 412
8.7.3. ......................................... 412
8.7.4. ............................... 414
8.7.5. ..................... 415
8.7.6. ...................................................................... 415
8.7.7. ............ 416
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8.8. () ........................................................... 416
8.8.1. ................................................. 416
8.8.2. ....................................................... 417
8.8.3. ................. 419
8.9. ...................................................................... 422
8.9.1. ........ 422
8.9.2. >> .... 423
8.9.3. ............................................... 426
8.9.4. ....................................................................... 427
8.9.5. ....................................... 429
8.9.6. ...................... 431
8.9.7. ......................................................................... 432
8.9.8. > ......................... 433
8.9.9. ....................................... 435
8.9.10. ................................................... 437
9. ................................................... 441
9.1. .............................. 442
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9.1.1. ........................................................ 442
9.1.2. ............................ 443
9.1.3. .......... 445
9.1.4. .................. 447
9.1.5. .............. 447
9.1.6. ......................... 448
9.2. ........................ 449
9.2.1. ............................................ 449
9.2.2. ............................ 450
9.2.3. ............................. 451
9.2.4. .............. 452
9.2.5. ......................... 453
9.3. ....................................... 454
9.3.1. ......................................... 454
9.3.2. ............................................................................. 455
9.3.3. ....... 457
9.3.4. ................................... 458
9.3.5. ............................................................................. 459
9.4. .................... 460
9.4.1. ................................... 460
9.4.2. ................................ 461
9.4.3. .................... 461
9.4.4. ......................................... 464
9.4.5. ..................................... 464
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9.5. ......... 465
9.5.1. .................................. 465
9.5.2. > ...... 467
9.5.3. ................ 467
9.5.4. ................... 469
9.5.5. ..................... 470
9.5.6. .................... 472
9.5.7. N> ....................... 473
9.5.8. ..................... 474
9.6. ..................... 475
9.6.1. ................................................................... 475
9.6.2. ........................................................................ 478
9.6.3. ..................... 479
9.6.4. 3D> .......... 479
9.6.5. .................. 482
9.7. ........... 484
9.7.1. ........................................................ 484
9.7.2. ... 485
9.7.3. .................... 487
9.7.4. ............................................................................ 488
9.7.5. ........................................................ 490
9.7.6. ................................................................. 492
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10. , ................................................ 493
10.1. .......................... 494
10.1.1. .................... 494
10.1.2. ...................................... 496
10.1.3. ...................... 500
10.1.4. ....... 502
10.1.5. ...................... 503
10.2. ............................................... 504
10.2.1. .............................. 505
10.2.2. ......................... 507
10.2.3. ....... 510
10.2.4. ................................... 514
10.2.5. ............................... 517
10.3. ...................... 518
10.3.1. imfinfo........ 518
10.3.2. imread ............... 520
10.3.3. imwrite .................. 522
10.4. ........................ 526
10.4.1. .......................... 526
10.4.2. MATLAB 6.1/6.5 .......................... 526
10.4.3. ... 527
11. ................................................ 531
11.1. .......... 532
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11.1.1. MATLAB .... 532
11.1.2. .............. 533
11.1.3. ........................................ 533
11.1.4. .................................... 535
11.1.5. , ... 536
11.1.6. ...................................... 537
11.1.7. .................... 538
11.2. M> ....................... 538
11.2.1. > ............ 538
11.2.2. M>>............................... 540
11.2.3. ............................ 541
11.2.4. global .......... 543
11.2.5. ................................ 543
11.2.6. ................................................ 544
11.3. ................. 545
11.3.1. ............................. 545
11.3.2. lasterr .................... 546
11.3.3. ...................................................... 547
11.4. .................................................................... 547
11.4.1. ................... 547
11.4.2. varargin varargout .......................... 549
11.5. m> ................ 550
11.5.1. m>> ......................... 550
11.5.2. P> ............................................... 551
11.6. ................................... 552
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11.6.1. ................................................. 552
11.6.2. ifelseifelseend .............. 553
11.6.3. forend ............................................. 554
11.6.4. whileend ......................................... 556
11.6.5. switchcaseend ... 558
11.6.6. trycatchend ................................ 559
11.6.7. break, continue return ....................... 560
11.6.8. if while ................. 561
11.6.9. ........................... 561
11.7. > ...................................................... 561
11.7.1. ............................................... 561
11.7.2. ................................................. 562
11.7.3. .............................. 563
11.7.4. ......................................................... 564
11.7.5. > ......................................................... 564
11.8. Handle> inline> .................................... 565
11.8.1. handle> ..................................... 565
11.8.2. handle> ......... 566
11.8.3. Inline> ..................................................... 566
11.8.4. handle> inline> ............ 567
11.9. .............................................. 567
11.9.1. m> .............. 567
11.9.2. ................................ 568
11.9.3. m> ...................................... 568
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11.9.4. , .................................................................... 569
11.9.5. m> ..................... 570
11.9.6. ................................. 570
11.9.7. m> ................................ 571
11.9.8. ................................. 572
11.9.9. ............................. 574
11.9.10. .................. 574
11.10. MATLAB 7 ...... 575
11.10.1. Profiler ..................................................................... 575
11.10.2. ................ 576
11.10.3. ..................................................................... 577
11.10.4. ........................................................ 577
11.11. MATLAB .. 579
11.11.1. ............................................... 579
11.11.2. !, dos, unix vms ................. 580
11.11.3. .... 580
11.11.4. ............................... 581
11.12. Java ................................................ 582
11.12.1. Java ......... 582
11.12.2. Java> ..................................................... 582
11.12.3. Java> ............. 584
11.12.4. Java> .................................................... 586
11.13. MATLAB> .................... 587
11.13.1. MATLAB> .... 587
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11.13.2. MATLABCompiler ......................................................................... 587
11.13.3. m>> ......................... 588
11.13.4. ........... 589
12. GUI ................................................................................... 591
12.1. GUIDE .............................................................................. 592
12.1.1. GUIDE .............................................. 592
12.1.2. GUIDE ...................... 593
12.1.3. GUI ............. 594
12.1.4. GUI ........................................ 597
12.1.5. .................................... 600
12.1.6. ...................................................................... 602
12.2. ...................... 604
12.2.1. ..... 604
12.2.2. ......... 609
12.3. GUIDE ..... 612
12.3.1. ..................... 612
12.3.2. File ............................................... 614
12.3.3. .............. 615
12.3.4. ............................. 618
12.3.5. .............................. 619
12.3.6. Tools ............................ 620
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12.3.7. GUI ... 622
12.3.8. GUI ........................................................... 629
12.3.9. .................... 634
12.3.10. ............ 639
12.3.11. GUI ............................................................................... 641
12.4. MATLAB ......... 642
12.4.1. ....................................... 642
12.4.2. ....... 643
12.4.3. ............ 644
12.4.4. ............... 645
12.4.5. ................. 647
12.4.6. ...... 649
12.4.7. .... 650
12.4.8. ...................................... 654
13. MATLAB ........... 659
13.1. MATLAB ............................ 660
13.1.1. MATLAB+Simulink ............................................................ 660
13.1.2. Simulink 5/6 .............. 660
13.2. Simulink .............................. 662
13.2.1. >> ... 662
13.2.2. Nonlinear Control Design Blockset ......................... 663
13.2.3. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Blockset ................ 665
13.2.4. Fixed>Point Blockset ................ 667
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32
13.2.5. Stateflow ................................ 667
13.2.6. SimPower System ................... 668
13.2.7. Report Generator MATLAB Simulink ............... 669
13.2.8. Real Time Windows Target WorkShop ................... 670
13.3. .............. 670
13.3.1. Symbolic Math Toolbox.......................................... 671
13.3.2. NAG Foundation Toolbox ....................................... 671
13.3.3. Spline Toolbox ...................................................... 672
13.3.4. Statistics Toolbox .................................................. 673
13.3.5. Optimization Toolbox ............................................. 674
13.3.6. Partial Differential Equations Toolbox ...................... 675
13.3.7. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox .............................................. 677
13.3.8. Neural Networks Toolbox ....................................... 678
13.4. .. 680
13.4.1. Control System Toolbox ......................................... 680
13.4.2. Robust Control Toolbox ......................................... 682
13.4.3. Model Predictive Control Toolbox ........................... 684
13.4.4. Communications Toolbox....................................... 685
13.4.5. m>Analysis and Synthesis ....................................... 685
13.4.6. Quantitative Feedback Theory Toolbox .................... 686
13.4.7. LMI Control Toolbox .............................................. 686
13.5. .......................... 687
13.6. .............................................................. 689
13.6.1. Signal Processing Toolbox ..................................... 689
13.6.2. Image Processing Toolbox ..................................... 691
13.6.3. Wavelet Toolbox .................................................... 695
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33
13.7. ........... 699
13.7.1. Financial Toolbox .................................................. 699
13.7.2. Mapping Toolbox .................................................. 700
13.7.3. Data Acquisition Toolbox Instrument ControlToolbox ........................................................................... 701
13.7.4. Database toolbox .................................................. 703
13.7.5. Excel Link ............................................................. 703
13.7.6. Virtual Reality Toolbox............................................ 703
13.7.7. MATLAB Compiler ................................................. 704
13.8. MATLAB 6.5 ..................... 704
13.8.1. Curve Fitting Toolbox ............................................. 704
13.8.2. Instrument Control Toolbox .................................... 706
13.8.3. Developers Kit for Texas Instruments DSP .............. 707
13.8.4. Dials & Gauges Blockset ........................................ 708
13.8.5. Mechanical System Blockset.................................. 708
13.9. MATLAB 7+Simulink 6 .................................................... 709
13.9.1. Bioinformatics Toolbox ..................................................... 709
13.9.2. Genetic Algorithm and DirectSearch Toolbox ................................................................ 711
13.9.3. Video and Image ProcessingBlockset .......................................................................... 713
14. MATLAB ........................ 717
14.1. MATLAB ..................................................... 718
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34
14.1.1. ............... 718
14.1.2. .................................................. 719
14.2. ............................................................ 721
14.2.1. USB> ................................................................. 721
14.2.2. MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox ............................................... 722
14.2.3. ............................ 723
14.2.4. MATLAB> ............................................................ 724
14.2.5. MATLAB ... 728
14.2.6. MATLAB ........................................................................ 732
14.3. MATLAB .................................... 735
14.3.1. .................................................. 735
14.3.2. AFG3000 MATLAB ........................................................ 736
14.4. MATLAB .... 739
14.5. MATLAB , ................... 741
................................................ 743
........................................ 747
-
[1], , MATLAB. MATLAB ( MATLAB R2007a,b 82) , . 3 . .
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MATLAB + Simulink (. 0.1) Toolboxes MATLAB Bloksets Simulink. MATLAB + Simulink. MATLAB
-
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. , , , ,, , , , . .
MATLAB [4], 1993 . [549]. , Web The The MathWorks,Inc., , 1000 . (. 0.2), The The MathWorks, Inc. ( The MathWorks).
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-
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() , [4449]. , MATLAB PDF CDROM ( DVD MATLAB R2007a,b) . , . , , , .
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The The MathWorks,Inc., Courtney Esposito, Naomi Fernandes Meg Vulliez. MATLAB MATLAB . , MATLAB, , .
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The MathWorks , www.mathworks.com. :
The The MathWorks, Inc.3 Apple Hill DriveNatick, MA, 017602098 USATel: 5086477000Fax: 5086477101Email: info@The MathWorks.com
-
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MATLAB
1.1. MATLAB ....................... 421.2. MATLAB .... 461.3. MATLAB ................................... 501.4. MATLAB ...................................... 551.5. .................................... 661.6. , m> ............ 701.7. ................. 741.8. ........................................ 781.9. MATLAB ...................... 821.10. MATLAB ....................... 86
-
MATLAB42
MATLAB . : , MATLAB. MATLAB . , MATLAB.
1.1. MATLAB
1.1.1. MATLAB , .
[2, 3]. . : . :
[1 2 3 4] 4 [1 2 3 3]
34
. ( 1), ( 2), ( 3) . . , 2. MATLAB , .
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-
43
, V M . . , :
V2 V; M2,3 M. MATLAB ,
1. MATLAB 11.
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MATLAB , , . , .
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MATLAB . , () () , . MATLAB , .
MATLAB
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MATLAB44
. m ( .m) C/C++, . , . Evaluate Selection .
1.1.3. MATLAB, MATLAB R2006*/2007*, , 15003200 ( , ). (DROM) DVD. , PDF , . ( 56 /c) [67, 68]. MATLAB.
MATLAB :
Pentium , Pentium III, Pentium IV, Pentium M AMD Athlon, Athlon XP, Athlon MP ( MATLAB 2007a,b , Intel Core 2 Duo, MATLAB R2007b , Intel Core 2 Quad);
( CDROM DVD),, 8 , 256 ;
Windows XP/2000/NT/Vista ( WindowsNT4 5 6a);
256 ( 512 );
3200 (345 MATLAB );
USB , .
, Windows , Microsoft Word 97/2000/XP [67] Notebook, C/C++ / Netscape Navigator 4.0 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0
-
45
. PDF Adobe Reader Adobe Acrobat 5.0 .
, Windows. MATLAB, Windows XP.
1.1.4. MATLAB 7 + Simulink 6 MATLAB 7.* (R2006*/2007*) + Simulink 6.*/7 CDROM DVD. CDROM ( , ). MATLAB, .
MATLAB , . , Install PLP (Personal License Pasword). 20 . Install Next>. ( ) , , PLP. MATLAB MathWorks . MATLAB , MATLAB. PLP.
. . MATLAB R2007a,b, . DVD.
1.1.5. MATLABMATLAB , . , . , , .
MATLAB .mat .m. , . , , .
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-
MATLAB46
, . .c ( C), MATLAB .mex . .exe.
MATLAB/TOOLBOX/MATLAB. m . .
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1.2. MATLAB
1.2.1. MATLAB MATLAB . . MATLAB R2006b. , MATLAB R2007a,b. . , , , MATLAB .
MATLAB ( , R2006b) Windows XP Windows. MATLAB MATLAB, . 1.1. , . About MATLAB, Help .
. , matlabrc, matlabrc.m startup.m, . .
-
47
1.2.2. MATLAB MATLAB (session). , MATLAB. , . , , ( .mat), save (). load () . diary (). .
. Windows XP/2000/NT4, .
. 1.1. MATLAB 2006b
MATLAB
-
MATLAB48
1.2.3. MATLAB MATLAB (. 1.1), , Windows. . .
Launch Pad/Workspace ( / ) CurrentDirectory ( ). Command History, . , MATLAB.
MATLAB R2006 . Desktop . , MATLAB . . 1.2. . .
. 1.2. MATLAB 2006b
-
49
1.2.4. MATLAB . MSDOS . , . 1.1.
1.1. MATLAB
Ctrl+bCtrl+bCtrl+bCtrl+bCtrl+b Ctrl+fCtrl+fCtrl+fCtrl+fCtrl+f Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+ Ctrl+rCtrl+rCtrl+rCtrl+rCtrl+r Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+ Ctrl+lCtrl+lCtrl+lCtrl+lCtrl+l HomeHomeHomeHomeHome Ctrl+aCtrl+aCtrl+aCtrl+aCtrl+a EndEndEndEndEnd Ctrl+eCtrl+eCtrl+eCtrl+eCtrl+e Ctrl+pCtrl+pCtrl+pCtrl+pCtrl+p Ctrl+nCtrl+nCtrl+nCtrl+nCtrl+n
DelDelDelDelDel Ctrl+dCtrl+dCtrl+dCtrl+dCtrl+d Ctrl+hCtrl+hCtrl+hCtrl+hCtrl+h Ctrl+kCtrl+kCtrl+kCtrl+kCtrl+k EscEscEscEscEsc InsInsInsInsIns / PPPPPgUpgUpgUpgUpgUp PPPPPgDngDngDngDngDn
. >> , , . . , .
1.2.5. :
cl ;
home ; echo on Script
(); echo off
Script; echo ; echo on all m;
MATLAB
-
MATLAB50
echo off all m; more on (
m); more off (
). MATLAB clc home
.
1.3. MATLAB
1.3.1. MATLAB MATLAB , ( ) , . MATLAB .
. , ( ) ENTER. . 1.2 .
: >>; ;
; ( ); ,
MATLAB ans; =,
:=, ;
(, sin) , ;
( >>); . (. . 1.3)
MATLAB . , Current Directory, . 1.1. MATLAB.
-
51
. 1.3.
, m .
sin(V) exp(V), V , , sin exp . MATLAB , 1n n1. , V, V.
, . , . M M(j,i), M , j i .
Workspace. , . ArrayEditor . 1.4. , .
MATLAB
-
MATLAB52
. 1.4.
, MATLAB . , . , MATLAB :To get started, select "MATLAB Help" from the Help menu. >> 2+3ans =
5>> sin(1)ans =
0.8415>> type sinsin is a built-in function.>> help sinSIN Sine.
SIN(X) is the sine of the elements of X.Overloaded methods
help sym/sin.m>> V=[1 2 3 4]V =
1 2 3 4
-
53
>> sin(V)ans =
0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568>> 3*Vans =
3 6 9 12>> V^2??? Error using ==> ^Matrix must be square.>> V.^2ans =
1 4 9 16>> V+2ans =
3 4 5 6>>
, . MATLAB ans, .
1.3.2. MATLAB. , , . . , ans =
3 4 5 6
:ans = 3 4 5 6
MATLAB .
, . ... (3 ), :s = 1 1/2 + 1/3 1/4 + 1/5 1/6 + 1/7 ...1/8 + 1/9 1/10 + 1/11 1/12;
4096, m , . 256 .
MATLAB
-
MATLAB54
1.3.3. MATLAB MATLAB , . , >> bench
m bench.m (. 1.5).
. 1.5. MATLAB 2006b
Pentium 4 HT 2,6 . . 2 MATLAB .
-
55
1.4. MATLAB
1.4.1. . , ( ) . , MATLAB .
MATLAB: :2+3; 2+32^3* sqrt(y)/2; 2+3*003********/22.301*sin(x) 2,301sin(x)4+exp(3)/5 4+e3/5
. MATLAB . , , , , . . MATLAB , . , 23 2^3. ; ( ) , :>> 2^3;
ans ( answer ) :>> ansans = 8
1.4.2. MATLAB, . . . , , . . :0-32.301123.456e-24-234.456e10
MATLAB
-
MATLAB56
, , , . e. , . .
: z=Re(x)+Im(x)*i. Re(z) Im(z) . i j, 1:3i2j2+3i-3.141i-123.456+2.7e-3i
real(z) ,Re(z), imag(z) , Im(z). abs(z), angle(Z). :>> ians = 0 + 1.0000i>> jans = 0 + 1.0000i>> z=2+3iz = 2.0000 + 3.0000i>> abs(z)ans = 3.6056>> real(z)ans = 2>> imag(z)ans = 3>> angle(z)ans = 0.9828
, ( ).
1.4.3. >> format name
name . , :x=[4/3 1.2345e-6]
:
-
57
format short 1.3333 0.0000format short e 1.3333E+000 1.2345E-006format long 1.333333333333338 0.000001234500000format long e 1.333333333333338E+000 1.234500000000000E-006format bank 1.33 0.00
. , .
1.4.4. , (). (,1, 2 1.23) .
MATLAB , , , , . , MATLAB, :
i j ( 1); pi p = 3,1415926; eps (252); realmin (21022); realmax (21023) inf ; ans ,
; NaN (NotaNumber). :
>> 2*pians = 6.2832>> epsans = 2.2204e-016>> realminans = 2.2251e-308>> realmaxans = 1.7977e+308>> 1/0Warning: Divide by zero.ans = Inf>> 0/0Warning: Divide by zero.ans = NaN
, . eps , eps=0.0001.
MATLAB
-
MATLAB58
, . , , .
, ,:'Hello my friend!''''2+3'
, . '2+3' 5. . .
1.4.5. MATLAB , . , , . %, :% It is factorial function
MATLAB . :%
m , >> help _
m . .
1.4.6. , , , . , . .
-
59
MATLAB . , :_ =
. , . , , . , , 11.
( ) , 31 . , , . , , _. , +, -, *, / . ., .
, speed_1 , . , (. ). , , s='Demo'. , ( ).
1.4.7. , (workspace). clear , :
clear ; clear x x; clear a, b, c . ( )
. , . :>> x=2*pix = 6.2832>> V=[1 2 3 4 5]V = 1 2 3 4 5>> MAT
MATLAB
-
MATLAB60
??? Undefined function or variable 'MAT'.>> MAT=[1 2 3 4; 5 6 7 8]MAT =
1 2 3 45 6 7 8
>> clear V>> V??? Undefined function or variable 'V'.>> clear>> x??? Undefined function or variable 'x'.>> M
??? Undefined function or variable 'M'.
, V, clear .
. MATLAB . Symbolic Math.
1.4.8. MATLAB . , +, -, * /. . , 2+3 + , 2 3 . .
, , . , * / , . , \ , .* ./ ,, .
:>> V1=[2 4 6 8]V1 = 2 4 6 8>> V2=[1 2 3 4]V2 = 1 2 3 4>> V1/V2ans = 2>> V1.*V2ans = 2 8 18 32>> V1./V2
ans = 2 2 2 2
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61
, help ops. , :>> help ops
Operators and special characters.Arithmetic operators.Plus Plus +Uplus Unary plus +Minus Minus Uminus Unary minus Mtimes Matrix multiply *times Array multiply .*mpower Matrix power ^power Array power .^mldivide Backslash or left matrix divide \mrdivide Slash or right matrix divide /ldivide Left array divide .\rdivide Right array divide ./kron Kronecker tensor product
....................................................
, . . , , sin 2*sin(pi/2).
(), . , bessel(NU,X). NU X . , . , [Y1, Y2,...]=func(X1, X2,...),
Y1, Y2,... X1, X2,... ().
, help elfun, helpspecfun. () , m. , , sin(x) exp(y), sinh(x) . m. m, . MATLAB, .
MATLAB
-
MATLAB62
1.4.9. : () . , , . MATLAB : () :_::_
, , . .
, 1. , , . : :>> 1:5ans = 1 2 3 4 5>> i=0:2:10i = 0 2 4 6 8 10>> j=10:-2:2j = 10 8 6 4 2>> V=0:pi/2:2*pi;>> VV = 0 1.5708 3.1416 4.7124 6.2832>> X=1:-.2:0X = 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.2000 0>> 5:2ans = Empty matrix: 1-by-0
, MATLAB , , . :>> x=0:5x = 0 1 2 3 4 5>> cos(x)ans = 1.0000 0.5403 -0.4161 -0.9900 -0.6536 0.2837>> sin(x)/xans = -0.0862
. sin(x)/x , , !
, / , . , , . sin(x)/x, ./. :
-
63
>> sin(x)./xWarning: Divide by zero.ans = NaN 0.8415 0.4546 0.0470 -0.1892 -0.1918
, . , x = 0 sin(x)/x 0/0 1. , , MATLAB 0 . NaN, , 0/0 .
: . , 0 5 0,5:>> bessel(0:1:5,1/2)ans = 0.9385 0.2423 0.0306 0.0026 0.0002 0.0000
0 5 1:>> bessel(0,0:1:5)ans = 1.0000 0.7652 0.2239 -0.2601 -0.3971 -0.1776
, : . . .
1.4.10. MATLAB 1000 ( , ), . MATLAB . inline, , . sin(x) cos(y):>> sc2=inline('sin(x).^2+cos(y)^.2')sc2 = Inline function: sc2(x,y) = sin(x).^2+cos(y).^2
m. , m ( New File) m sc2 :function y=sc2(x,y)y=sin(x).^2+cos(y).^2
, type sc2 :
MATLAB
-
MATLAB64
>> type sc2function y=sc2(x,y) y=sin(x).^2+cos(y).^2
, , sc2(x,y), x y . :>> sc2(1,2)ans = 0.8813>> sc2(2,1)y = 1.1187ans = 1.1187
handle ( ) @:>> fh=@sc2;
feval(fh,x,y):>> feval(fh,1,2)y = 0.8813ans = 0.8813>> feval(fh,2,1)y = 1.1187ans = 1.1187
1.4.11. MATLAB . , . , , >> sqr(2)
ENTER. :??? Undefined function or variable 'sqr'.
, , , , sqr. , , . . . >> sqr(2)
. MATLAB Tab. , . sqrt. c
-
65
, , r. T, ENTER. :>> sqrt(2)ans = 1.4142
, Tab . .
MATLAB , . . , .m., , () :>> hsin(1)??? Undefined function or variable 'hsin'.>> sinh(1)ans = 1.1752
(), , . , hsin , m. , sinh MATLAB M, . , ! , , sin.
NaN( Not a Number ). , 0/0 Inf/Inf, Inf . ( ). , 0 Warning: Devide by Zero. (: ). , , 10308 10+308.
, MATLAB . ( Warning) , . ( ???) . MATLAB 2007b .
MATLAB
-
MATLAB66
1.5.
1.5.1. MATLAB , , . , , . . , X=1, , X , 1, 11. , , . , , >> V=[1 2 3]V = 1 2 3
V, 1, 2 3 ( 31). . , ; ( ):>> V=[1; 2; 3]V =
1 2 3
. ; ( ). ( ) . , >> M=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];
, :>> MM =
1 2 34 5 67 8 9
, , :>> V= [2+2/(3+4),exp(5),sqrt(10)];>> VV = 2.2857 148.4132 3.1623
V(i) M(i, j). ,
-
67
>> (2, 2)ans = 5
5. M(i, j) x, M(ij)=x
, M(2, 2) 10, >> M(2, 2)=10
, MATLAB i j , i j 1. I J.
M(i) , . , . M:>> M=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]M =
1 2 34 5 67 8 9
>> M(2)ans = 4>> M(8)ans = 6>> M(9)ans = 9>> M(5)=100;>> MM =
1 2 34 100 67 8 9
, . MATLAB . , MATLAB 2007b nn, n = 248 1, n = 231 ( , , MATLAB 2007b). , , 18 .
1.5.2. [54] a + b * i, a , b i
-
MATLAB68
( 1). , :>> i=sqrt(-1);>> CM = [1 2; 3 4] + i*[5 6; 7 8]
>> CM = [1+5*i 2+6*i; 3+7*i 4+8*i]
:CM =
1.0000 + 5.0000i 2.0000 + 6.0000i3.0000 + 7.0000i 4.0000 + 8.0000i
, , .
1.5.3. , , . . , * , .* ., M , M.*2 , 2. , M*2 M.*2 .
. , magic(n) nn, , :>> M=magic(4)M =
16 2 3 135 11 10 89 7 6 124 14 15 1
>> sum(M)ans = 34 34 34 34>> sum(M)ans = 34 34 34 34>> sum(diag(M))ans = 34>> M(1,2)+M(2,2)+M(3,2)+M(4,2)ans = 34
magic . , .
-
69
, clear.
1.5.4. () . , 33:>> A=magic(3)A =
8 1 63 5 74 9 2
, :>> B=[A A+16;A+32 A+16]B =
8 1 6 24 17 223 5 7 19 21 234 9 2 20 25 1840 33 38 24 17 2235 37 39 19 21 2336 41 34 20 25 18
66. :>> sum(B)ans = 126 126 126 126 126 126
, . >> sum(B.')ans = 78 78 78 174 174 174
B.' B, . . , B . :>> D=magic(6)D =
35 1 6 26 19 243 32 7 21 23 2531 9 2 22 27 208 28 33 17 10 1530 5 34 12 14 164 36 29 13 18 11
>> sum(D)ans = 111 111 111 111 111 111>> sum(D.')ans = 111 111 111 111 111 111
-
MATLAB70
, ( ).
1.5.5. . [ ]. M:>> M=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]M =
1 2 34 5 67 8 9
, : ():>> M(:,2)=[ ]M =
1 34 67 9
, : (), :>> M(2,:)=[ ]M =
1 37 9
1.6. , mN
1.6.1. MATLAB , . . . , , .
( , ) pack, . ,
-
71
.
1.6.2. MATLAB .mat. save, :
save fname fname.mat;
save fname X X; save fname X Y Z X, Y Z. save ,
: -mat MAT, ; -ascii ASCII (8 ); -ascii -double ASCII (16 ); -ascii -double -tabs ; V4 MAT MATLAB 4; -append MAT. save , ,
:save('fname','var1','var2')
. , ,
, save . diary, .
1.6.3. , save. , :
diary file_name ;
diary off ; diary on . , diary off diary on,
. diary diary('file'), 'file' . diary:>> diary myfile.m>> 1+2ans = 3
,
-
MATLAB72
>> diary off>> 2+3ans = 5>> diary on>> sin(1)ans = 0.8415>> diary off
, 1 + 2 = 3 myfile.m, 2 + 3 = 5 , sin(1) = 0,8415 . , Script :1+2ans = 3diary offsin(1)ans = 0.8415diary off
, , . :>> myfile??? ans =Missing variable or function.Error in ==> C:\MATLAB\bin\myfile.mOn line 3 ==> ans =
, , , MATLAB , ans =. type :>> type myfile1+2ans = 3diary offsin(1)ans = 0.8415diary off
, .m, .txt. , .
1.6.4. ( ) load:
load fname fname.mat ,
-
73
save ( -mat .mat , );
load('fname',) fname.mat . ( ) load ,
, MAT.
*, . , loaddemo*.mat demo, demo1, demo2, demoa, demob . . .
1.6.5. m> MATLAB m, . m. New ( ), File MATLAB.
, 2 3 :2+3x=0:0.1:15y=sin(x)plot(x,y)
/ m . 1.6. , Run Debug () . 2 + 3 5 MATLAB. . . 1.6.
/ m , MATLAB, , . , . .
1.6.6. MATLAB , , . Ctrl C ().
,
-
MATLAB74
quit, exit Ctrl+Q. (, ) , save . load , .
1.7.
1.7.1. MATLAB , . >> helpHELP topics:matlab\general General purpose commands.Matlab\ops Operators and special characters.Matlab\lang Programming language constructs.
. 1.6. m
-
75
Matlab\elmat Elementary matrices and matrix manipulation.
Matlab\elfun Elementary math functions.Matlab\specfun Specialized math functions.................................................
, m , , MATLAB. . MATLAB.
, , MATLAB, . , .
1.7.2. >> help
>> doc
, . ops. , :>> help hsinhsin.m not found.
, , hsin m . :>> help sinh
SINH Hyperbolic sine.SINH(X) is the hyperbolic sine of the elements of X.
Overloaded methodshelp sym/sinh.m
sinh. , X.
MATLAB () , () . . , .
-
MATLAB76
MATLAB. :>> help pi
PI 3.1415926535897PI = 4*atan(1) = imag(log(-1)) = 3.1415926535897
help . , , MSDOS. doc HTML.
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1.8.1. . MATLAB . demos :>> help demos Examples and demonstrations. Type 'demo' at the command line to browse more demos of MATLAB, the Toolboxes, and Simulink. demo Run demonstrations. Mathematics. intro Basic Matrix Operations inverter Inverses of Matrices buckydem Graphs and Matrices sparsity Sparse Matrices matmanip Matrix Manipulation integerMath Integer Arithmetic Examples ...............................................
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