Mathematics I EOCT Vocabulary - Administration · Web viewMathematics I EOCT Vocabulary Algebra -...

Mathematics I EOCT Vocabulary

Algebra - Explore FunctionsThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12% of the test.

Students will explore and interpret the characteristics of functions, using graphs, tables, and simple algebraic techniques.

The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the test/exam.

Domain The set of all x-values in a relation.

Even Function

A function that is symmetric with respect to the y-axis.

Function

In this relationship between two quantities, for each input there is exactly one output.Function Notation

This is denoted as f(x) and read as f of x, this is a way of expressing the value of an equation when a specific variable is inserted.

Maximum The highest point on a graph in the domain of the function.

Minimum The lowest point on a graph in the domain of the function.

Negative Slope

A line extending from the upper left to the lower right has this type of slope.

Odd Function

A function whose graph is symmetric about the origin.

Positive Slope

A line extending from the lower left to the upper right has this type of slope. Range

This is the difference between the maximum and the minimum value in a data set.Rate Of Change

Often considered the slope, this is the comparison of two different quantities that are changing.

Slope

This describes how much a line rises or falls between any two points on that line. Algebraically it is expressed as (y2 - y1)/ (x2 - x1) for the line passing through (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

X-Intercept

This is a point at which a graph intersects the x-axis.

Y-Axis

This is the vertical axis in a coordinate graph.

Y-Intercept

This is a point at which a graph intersects the y-axis.

Zero Slope

This is the slope of a horizontal line. The line has no vertical change between each horizontal change.

Zeros

The point(x) where a graph intersects the x-axis. The value of the x-coordinate when the y-coordinate is 0.

Algebra - Simplify Expressions

This category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12% of the test.

Students will simplify and operate with radical expressions, polynomials, and rational expressions.


Algebraic Expression A mathematical phrase containing at least one

variable. Binomial

This is a polynomial with two terms.

Binomial Theorem

The expansion of a binomial that involves a coefficient found by combinations. The expansion will contain the same number of terms as the exponent of the original binomial. For each term, the exponents will sum to the original exponent given in the binomial. Coefficient

This is the number part when a number and a variable are multiplied together in a term.Exponent

This is the power to which something is raised, or the number of times it is multiplied by itself.Factor

To write a polynomial as the product of (1) monomial factors, and (2) prime factors with at least two terms.

Greatest Common Factor The largest factor that two numbers have in common.

Like Terms These are terms that have the same variable raised to the same power.

Polynomial

This is an expression that may include monomials, binomials and more. There is no limit to the number of terms. However, the variable, if applicable, CANNOT appear in the denominator of a fraction.Radical Expression

An expression containing a square root.Radical Sign

This is the symbol for square root.

Rational Expression An expression which contains polynomials in both the numerator and denominator.

Rational Number Any number that can be written as a fraction, any number without a decimal or fraction,

fractions, and any numbers with decimal portions that end or repeat.

Square Root This is a number that must be multiplied times itself to equal a given number. The

quantity of b in b2= a.

Variable A letter that is used to represent one or more numbers.

Algebra - Solve EquationsThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 11% of the test.

Students will solve simple equations.


Coordinate Plane

This is a plane with two axes as a frame of reference. The x-axis is a horizontal line and the y-axis is perpendicular to it (i.e., the y-axis is vertical). The intersection of the two axes is called the origin.Factor

To write a polynomial as the product of (1) monomial factors, and (2) prime factors with at least two terms.

Origin

This is the point where the x-axis crosses the y-axis. The coordinate location is the ordered pair (0,0).

Parabola

The graph of a quadratic equation. Quadratic Equation

An equation with a degree of 2. Radical Equation

An equation that involves a square root. One or both sides of the equation may contain the square root. Radical Expression

An expression containing a square root.Radical Sign

This is the symbol for square root.

Radicand The number or expression inside a radical symbol.

Rational Equation An equation that has variables in both the numerator and denominator.

Root The answers to a quadratic equation where x2 is involved. Also known as the x-

intercepts of the graph of the function. Square Root

This is a number that must be multiplied times itself to equal a given number. The quantity of b in b2= a.

X-Axis

This is the horizontal axis in a coordinate graph.

X-Intercept

This is a point at which a graph intersects the x-axis.

Y-Axis


Y-Intercept

This is a point at which a graph intersects the y-axis. Zeros

The point(x) where a graph intersects the x-axis. The value of the x-coordinate when the y-coordinate is 0.

Geometry - Investigate Geometric FiguresThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12% of the test.

Students will investigate properties of geometric figures in the coordinate plane.


Coordinate Plane

This is a plane with two axes as a frame of reference. The x-axis is a horizontal line and the y-axis is perpendicular to it (i.e., the y-axis is vertical). The intersection of the two axes is called the origin.

Coordinates

This is the pair of numbers giving the location of a point.

Distance Formula

The formula used to find the length between two points in a coordinate plane.

Hypotenuse

This is the longest side of a right triangle only. It is also the side directly across from the 90-degree angle of a right triangle.

Legs

The sides of a right triangle that form the right angle.

Midpoint Formula

The formula used to find the point that lies half-way between two points in a coordinate plane.

Point

This is the geometric figure formed at the intersection of two distinct lines.

Pythagorean Theorem

This is the mathematical relation relating the three sides, a, b, c, of a right triangle.

Pythagorean Triple

A set of 3 nonzero whole numbers that form the sides of a right triangle.

Quadrant

This is one of four sections formed by the intersection of the x-axis and y-axis on a Cartesian coordinate plane.

Quadrilateral

A polygon with 4 sides.

Right Triangle

This is a triangle with one of the angles equal to 90°.

Triangle

This is a polygon with three sides.

X-Axis

This is the horizontal axis in a coordinate graph.

Y-Axis


Geometry - Understand LanguageThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12% of the test.

Students will understand and use the language of mathematical argument and justification.


Conditional Statement A statement with a hypothesis and a conclusion.

Conjecture An unproven statement that is based on observations.

Contrapositive Obtained by switching and negating the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional

statement. Converse

Obtained by switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. This statement may be true or falseCounterexample

An example that disproves a conjecture.

Deductive Reasoning

The conclusion is reached based on the facts, definitions, rules, properties, postulates and theorems.

Indirect Proof A type of proof in which the statement that is being proved is assumed to be false.

Inductive Reasoning The reasoning process that involves looking for patterns and making a conjecture.

Inverse Obtained by negating the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional

statement. Law Of Syllogism

If p implies q and q implies r, then p implies r. Pattern

The relationship that exists between a collection of ordered objects so that you have a 1st term, 2nd term, etc. Postulate

A statement that is accepted without proof. Theorem

A statement which has been proven to be true.

Two-Column Proof

A logical argument arranged with statements and reasons.

Venn Diagram

A diagram that uses circles or ovals to illustrate the relationship between sets

Geometry - Properties of PolygonsThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 11% of the test.

Students will discover, prove, and apply properties of triangles, quadrilaterals, and other polygons.


AAS Congruence Theorem

If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and a non-included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

ASA Congruence Postulate

If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles angles and the included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Centroid

This is the point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle. This is also called the center of gravity.

Circumcenter

The point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle.

HL Congruence Theorem

If a hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and a leg of a second right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Incenter

The point of concurrency of the angle bisectors of a triangle.

Kite

A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent congruent sides.

Orthocenter

The point of concurrency of the altitudes of a triangle.

Parallelogram

This is a quadrilateral that contains two pairs of parallel sides.

Polygon

This is a closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments that do not cross over each other.

Quadrilateral

A polygon with 4 sides.

Rectangle

This is a quadrilateral with four congruent angles (all 90°).

Rhombus

A parallelogram with four congruent sides.

SAS Congruence Postulate

If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Square A rhombus with four right angles.

SSS Congruence Postulate

If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Sum Of Interior Angles Of A Polygon

This of a polygon is found by subtracting 2 from the number of sides and then multiplying by 180°.

Triangle

This is a polygon with three sides.Triangle Inequality

The sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle is always greater then the length of the third side.

Data Analysis and Probablility - OutcomesThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 7% of the test.

Students will determine the number of outcomes related to a given event.


Addition Principle Of Counting We use this principle of counting for mutually exclusive events. Add the number of

events to get the total number. Binomial Theorem

The expansion of a binomial that involves a coefficient found by combinations. The expansion will contain the same number of terms as the exponent of the original binomial. For each term, the exponents will sum to the original exponent given in the binomial. Combination

Counts the number of ways objects can be formed into groups of a certain size. Counting Principle

A way of computing the possible number of outcomes in an experiment. Dependent Events

Events in which the outcome of one event affects the outcome of the other event. Event

An outcome in a probability experiment. Expansion

To rewrite an expression as a single polynomial.Factorial

For n! it is the product of all numbers beginning with n counting backwards to 1. Independent Events

Events that have no effect on each others probability. Multiplication Principle Of Counting

Used for independent events. Multiply the number of outcomes for each event. Outcomes

The different possible results from a probability model.Permutation

It is the idea that distinguishable objects may be arranged in various different orders.Probability

This is the number of selected outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. It is a number between 0 and 1, including 0 and 1.Set

The group of terms that make up the values being statistically examined.

Tree Diagram

This helps to visually display the outcomes of an experiment consisting of a series of activities (rolling dice multiple times, total pizza choices, etc.). The total number of outcomes corresponds to the total number of final branches in the diagram.

Data Analysis and Probablility - ProbabilityThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 8% of the test.

Students will use the basic laws of probability.


Conditional Probability This is the probability that event B will occur given that event A has occurred.

Data Numbers or facts that describe something. It can be numerical, counted, or descriptive.

Dependent Events Events in which the outcome of one event affects the outcome of the other event.

Event An outcome in a probability experiment.

Expected Value The sum of the probabilities of each outcome multiplied by the outcome value.

Experimental Probability The ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials.

Favorable Outcomes The desired outcomes of a specified

event.Frequency Diagram

This is an outline designed to demonstrate or explain the number of times a specified periodic phenomenon occurs within a specified interval.Odds

This is the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur.Outcomes

The different possible results from a probability model.Probability

This is the number of selected outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. It is a number between 0 and 1, including 0 and 1.Set

A collection of numbers or objects. Theoretical Probability

The mathematical calculation that an event will happen.

Tree Diagram

This helps to visually display the outcomes of an experiment consisting of a series of activities (rolling dice multiple times, total pizza choices, etc.). The total number of outcomes corresponds to the total number of final branches in the diagram.

Venn Diagram

A diagram that uses circles or ovals to illustrate the relationship between sets.

Data Analysis and Probablility - Relate SamplesThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 7% of the test.

Students will relate samples to a population.


Box And Whisker Plot

This is a visual display of some to the descriptive statistics of a data set. It quickly displays the 5-number summary: the minimum value, the maximum value, the median, the upper quartile, and the lower quartile.Data

Numbers or facts that describe something. It can be numerical, counted, or descriptive. Element

An object or number contained in a set. Event

An outcome in a probability experiment. Extrapolate

To look at known values and make an estimation based observations. Interquartile Range

The spread of the middle 50% of the data.Mean

This is the sum of all the results included in the sample divided by the number of observations. It is the same as the average. Mode

This is the most frequently occurring element in a set. Population

Total data set.Range

This is the difference between the maximum and the minimum value in a data set.Sample

This is part of a population selected to predict information about the population as a whole.Set

The group of terms that make up the values being statistically examined. Statistics

This is the collection, display, and analysis of data.Survey

This is asking or inquiring people's opinion.

Data Analysis and Probablility - Mean DeviationThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 8% of the test.

Students will explore variability.


Absolute Value The distance between the origin and the point representing the real number.

Bias This is an unwanted influence on a sample.

Box And Whisker Plot

This is a visual display of some to the descriptive statistics of a data set. It quickly displays the 5-number summary: the minimum value, the maximum value, the median, the upper quartile, and the lower quartile.Correlation

This refers to relationships among and between variables. The correlation coeffecient has a value between -1 and 1 that indicates direction and strength. Data

Numbers or facts that describe something. It can be numerical, counted, or descriptive. Element

An object or number contained in a set.

Extrapolation

This is to estimate a value by following a pattern and going beyond the values already known.Generalization

A conclusion that is based on several observations.Independent Events

Events that have no effect on each others probability. Mean

This is the sum of all the results included in the sample divided by the number of observations. It is the same as the average.

Mean Absolute Deviation To find this take the average of the absolute values of the differences between each

member of a data set and the mean of the data set.

Standard Deviation

This measures the deviation between the scores and the mean; it measures how dispersed the data is. The higher this is the more spread out the data is from each other.

Statistics This is the collection, display, and analysis of data.

Table

This is a systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns.

Venn Diagram

A diagram that uses circles or ovals to illustrate the relationship between sets.

Mathematics I EOCT Vocabulary - Administration · Web viewMathematics I EOCT Vocabulary Algebra -...

Documents

Transcript of Mathematics I EOCT Vocabulary - Administration · Web viewMathematics I EOCT Vocabulary Algebra -...