Minyak bumi-Proses Produksi Minyak Bumi kelas XI (Hidrokarbon dan Minyak Bumi)
Materi Minyak Bumi 3
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Transcript of Materi Minyak Bumi 3
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TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN MINYAK BUMI
materi 3 dan 4
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Pengujian Minyak Bumi dan Produk-produknya
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Petroleum
Density, specific gravity
API gravity Carbon, wt.% Hydrogen, wt.% Nitrogen, wt.% Sulfur, wt.% Pour point Wax contentWax appearance temperatureViscosity (various temperatures)
Carbon residue of residuum
Distillation profile: All fractions plus vacuum residue
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Gas
Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion)Composition
Density Sulfur
Volatility and Vapor PressureWater
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Gasoline
AdditivesCombustion Characteristics
CompositionCorrosiveness
Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point and Fire Point
Oxygenates Stability and Instability
Volatility Water and Sediment
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Aviation Fuel
Acidity Additives
Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion)Composition
Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point
Freezing PointKnock and Antiknock Properties
Pour PointStorage Stability Thermal Stability
Viscosity Volatility
Water
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kerosene
AcidityBurning Characteristics
Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion)Composition
Density (Specific Gravity)Flash Point
Freezing PointPour Point
Smoke PointViscosityVolatility
Water and Sediment
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Diesel Fuel Acidity
Appearance and Odor Ash
Calorific Value (Heat of Combustion) Carbon Residue
Cetane Number and Cetane Index Cloud Point
Composition Density (Specific Gravity)
Diesel Index Flash Point
Freezing PointNeutralization Number
Pour PointStabilityViscosity Volatility
Water and Sediment
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Lubricating OilAcidity and Alkalinity
AshAsphaltene Content (Insoluble
Constituents)Carbonizable Substances (Acid Test)
Carbon Residue Cloud Point
Color Composition
Density (Specific Gravity) Flash Point and Fire Point
Oxidation Stability Pour Point
Thermal Stability Viscosity Volatility
Water and Sediment
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Grease
Acidity and Alkalinity Anticorrosion Properties
Composition Dropping Point Flow Properties
Low-Temperature Torque Mechanical Stability
Oil Separation Oxidation Stability
Penetration Thermal Stability
ViscosityVolatility
Water Resistance
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Wax Appearance
Barrier Properties Carbonizable Substances
Color Composition
Density (Specific Gravity) Hardness
Melting Point Molecular WeightOdor and Taste
Oil Content Peroxide Content
Slip PropertiesStorage Stability
Strength Ultraviolet Absorptivity
Viscosity Volatility
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Asphalt
Acid Number Asphaltene Content
Bonding and Adhesion Breaking Point (Fraas)
Carbon Disulfide-Insoluble ConstituentsCarbon Residue Compatibility Composition
Density (Specific Gravity) Distillation
Ductility Durability
Elemental Analysis Emulsified Asphalt
Flash Point Float Test
Molecular Weight Penetration
Rheology Softening Point
Stain Temperature-Volume Correction
Thin Film Oven Test Viscosity
Water Content
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Coke
Ash Calorific Value (Heat of
Combustion) Composition
DensityDust Control Material
HardnessMetals
Proximate Analysis Sulfur
Volatile MatterWater
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PRODUK –PRODUK YANG DAPAT DIHASILKAN MINYAK BUMI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR
1. Gas Rentang rantai karbon : C1 sampai C5 Trayek didih : 0 sampai 50°C
2. Gasolin (Bensin) Rentang rantai karbon : C6 sampai C11 Trayek didih : 50 sampai 85°C
3. Kerosin (Minyak Tanah) Rentang rantai karbon : C12 sampai C20 Trayek didih : 85 sampai 105°C
4. Solar Rentang rantai karbon : C21 sampai C30 Trayek didih : 105 sampai 135°C
5. Minyak Berat Rentang ranai karbon : C31 sampai C40 Trayek didih : 135 sampai 300°C
6. Residu Rentang rantai karbon : di atas C40 Trayek didih : di atas 300°C
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PRODUK PETROKIMIA YANG DIHASILKAN DARI MINYAK BUMI
Industri Petrokimia adalah industri yang memproduksi bahan-bahan kimia dengan cara derivatisasi bahan baku minyak bumi, gas alam, serta residu minyak bumi secara komersial
Beberapa industri lanjutan yang sangat erat hubungannya dengan Petrokimia;1. Industri plastik2. Industri serat sintetis3. Indsutri bahan pelumas4. Industri pertisida5. Industri pembuat Pelarut
Bahan dasar bagi industri Petrokimia:a. Jenis paraffin dan olefin, seperti hidrokarbon dengan jumlah atom (1,2,3 dan 4) pembuatan asam asetat, karet dan fiber.b. Jenis aromat (hidrokarbon aromatik) benzena, pembuatan plastik, penol dan karet
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Contoh proses kimia yang diterapkan pada industri petrokimia:
1. Alkilasi, yaitu penambahan gugus alkil pada suatu bahan induk, misalnya bahan dasar detergen
2. Dealkilasi, penghilangan gugus alkil, misalnya pembuatan kapur barus (naftalen) dari minyak bumi
3. Dehidrasi, penghilangan gugus H2O, misalnya pembuatan eter dan alcohol
4. Eterifikasi, pembuatan senyawa ester, misalnya pembuatan etil asetat, vinil asetat
5. Polimerisasi, pembentukan polimer dari bahan yang lebih sederhana, misalnya pembuatan plastik / karet sintetis.
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