materi asam nukleotida
Transcript of materi asam nukleotida
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NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM
NUKLEATMAX R.J RUNTUWENEMAX R.J RUNTUWENE
Fmipa UnsratFmipa Unsrat20122012
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ASAM NUKLEAT
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NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM
NUKLEAT
1. Pendahuluan1. Pendahuluan
2. Klasifikasi2. Klasifikasi
3. Struktur nukletida3. Struktur nukletida
!. "ara #enulisan deretan $asa!. "ara #enulisan deretan $asa
%. Struktur DNA dan &NA%. Struktur DNA dan &NA
'. DNA se$a(ai #en)i*#an infr*asi'. DNA se$a(ai #en)i*#an infr*asi
(enetik(enetik
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Bata, batu, pasir,semen, kayu,
genteng
Apayangm
enentukan
?
Apayangmenentukan?
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Pabrik
Bahan baku
A
payang
menentukan
? Apayangm
enentukan
?
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Sel embrio
Apayangmenentukan ?
Makromolekul:asam nukleat
proteinkarbohidrat
lipid
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Bata, batu,
pasir, semen,
kayu, genteng
Apayangm
enentukan?
Apayangmenentukan?
INFORMSI! Pembangunan
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Pabrik
Bahan baku
Apay
angme
nentuk
an?
Apayan
gmenentukan?
INFORMSI! Pembuatan produk
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Sel embrio
Apayangmenentukan?
Makromolekul:
asam nukleatprotein
karbohidratlipid
INFORMSI! "enetik
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Bata, batu,
pasir, semen,
kayu, genteng
Apayangmen
entukan?
Apayangmenentukan?
INFORMSI! Pembangunan
Dalam bentuk apa . . . ?
#ertulis dalam suatu dokumen!
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Pabrik
Bahan baku
Apayang
menentuka
n? Apayangm
enentukan?
INFORMSI! Pembuatan produk
Dalam bentuk apa . . . ?
#ertulis dalam suatu dokumen!
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Sel embrioApayangmenentukan ?
Dalam bentuk apa . . . ?
Makromolekul:asam nukleat
proteinkarbohidrat
lipid
#ertulis dalam molekul SM N$%&'#!
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Watson an !ri"#
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SE+A&A, PENEMUAN ASAM NUKLEAT
1$%&' A()r*"+t Koss*( m*n*m,#an asam1$%&' A()r*"+t Koss*( m*n*m,#an asamn,#(*at -an t*rs,s,n o(*+ s,at,n,#(*at -an t*rs,s,n o(*+ s,at,,,s ,(a' ,,s /os/at' an ,,s,,s ,(a' ,,s /os/at' an ,,s
)asa)asa
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Gula pada asamnukleat adalah ribosa.
Ribosa (-D-furanosa)
adalah gula pentosa(jumlah karbon 5).
Perhatikan penomoran.
Dalam penulisan diberitanda prime() untukmembedakan
penomoran pada basanitrogen
5
1
23
4
-ULA &IOSA
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PE&,ATIKAN
I#atan ,(a ri)osa *nan )asa nitro*n paa atom#ar)on nomor 13.
I#atan ,(a ri)osa *nan,,s /os/at paa atom#ar)on nomor 43.
5,,s +iro#si( paa atom #ar)on nomor 2
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ASA NIT&O-EN
6asa nitro*n )*ri#atan *nan i#atan7) paaatom #ar)on nomor1 ari ,(a ri)osa ata,*o#siri)osa.
8irimiin)*ri#atan #* ,(a ri)osa paa atom N71ari str,#t,r "in"inn-a.
8,rin )*ri#atan #* ,(a ri)osa paa atom N7&ari
str,#t,r "in"inn-a.
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ASA PI&IMIDIN DAN PU&IN
8*r+ati#an str,#t,r "in"inn-a
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ASA/ASA DALAM ASAM NUKLEAT
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-U-US 0OS0AT
N,#(*osia5,(a Ri)osa -an )*ri#atan *nan)asa nitro*n3 9 sat, ata, (*)i+ ,,s /os/ori(
is*),t n,#(*otia.
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N,#(*otia
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M*r,pa#an pr*#,rsor : asar ,nt,# asam n,#(*at' RNAM*r,pa#an pr*#,rsor : asar ,nt,# asam n,#(*at' RNAan DNAan DNA
Str,#t,r t*riri ariStr,#t,r t*riri ari 6asa6asa 5,(a5,(a p+osp+atp+osp+at
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N,#(*otia )*r)*a *nan n,#(*osiaN,#(*otia )*r)*a *nan n,#(*osia #ar*na#ar*nan,#(*osia t# m*mp,n-ai ,,s /os/atn,#(*osia t# m*mp,n-ai ,,s /os/at
S*+ina #ita s*rin m*n,(is#an n,#(*otiaS*+ina #ita s*rin m*n,(is#an n,#(*otias*)aais*)aai N,#(*osia mono/os/atN,#(*osia mono/os/at
N,#(*osia i/os/atN,#(*osia i/os/at N,#(*osia tri/os/atN,#(*osia tri/os/at
T*rant,n paa ;,m(a+ /os/at - imi(i#iT*rant,n paa ;,m(a+ /os/at - imi(i#i
D*o#siri)on,#(*otia it,(is n tam)a+an
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T*riri ari 2 o(onan >T*riri ari 2 o(onan > Ri)on,#(*otiaRi)on,#(*otia D*o#siri)on,#(*otiaD*o#siri)on,#(*otia
J*nis n,#(*otia >J*nis n,#(*otia > Nama t*rant,n paa )asan-aNama t*rant,n paa )asan-a
J,m(a+ /os/at -an imi(i#iJ,m(a+ /os/at -an imi(i#i
A*nin AM8' AD8' AT8' AM8' AD8' AT8A*nin AM8' AD8' AT8' AM8' AD8' AT8
5,anin 5M8' 5D8' 5T8' 5M8' 5D8' 5T85,anin 5M8' 5D8' 5T8' 5M8' 5D8' 5T8
Sitosin !M8' !D8' !T8' !T8' !D8' !T8Sitosin !M8' !D8' !T8' !T8' !D8' !T8
Timin TM8' TD8' TT8' 7Timin TM8' TD8' TT8' 7
Urasi( UM8' UD8' UT8' UM8' UD8' UT8Urasi( UM8' UD8' UT8' UM8' UD8' UT8
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N,#(*otia m*ni#at )asa nitro*nn-a paaN,#(*otia m*ni#at )asa nitro*nn-a paaatom ! no. 1' n i#atan (i#osiaatom ! no. 1' n i#atan (i#osia
5,,s /os/at t*ri#at paa ,,s +iro#si( atom5,,s /os/at t*ri#at paa ,,s +iro#si( atom! no. 4! no. 4
K*,a #onisi iatas' m*n-*)a)#an n,#(*otiaK*,a #onisi iatas' m*n-*)a)#an n,#(*otiam*mp,n-ai si/at si/at>m*mp,n-ai si/at si/at>
5,,s p+osp+at5,,s p+osp+at )*rtina# s) asam)*rtina# s) asam#,at pKa? 13#,at pKa? 13
5,,s amina r )asa p,rin an5,,s amina r )asa p,rin anpirimiin*' pt i protonasipirimiin*' pt i protonasi
N,#(*otia mamp, m*n-*rap sinar ,@N,#(*otia mamp, m*n-*rap sinar ,@apat i,#,r #ons*ntrasin-aapat i,#,r #ons*ntrasin-a
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&IONUKLEOTIDA
5,(a ri)osa -an )*ri#atan
*nan )asa nitro*n a(am"onto+ i sampin aa(a+ s,at,pirimiin' ,rasi( an sitosin3paa atom #ar)on nomor 1n-ais*),t ri)on,#(*osiaa(am"onto+ i sampin aa(a+ ,riinan sitiin3.
Ri)on,#(*osia -ant*r/os/ori(asi paa atom #ar)on
nomor 4n-a is*),tri)on,#(*otiaa(am "onto+ isampin aa(a+ ,rii(at ata,sitii(at3
8*n-ampaian ri)on,#(*otia)iasana a(am )*nt,# sin#atanmisa(n-a3 U' ata, UM8 ,riinmono/os/at3
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&IONUKLEOTIDA UTAMA
8*r+ati#an atom N& paa p,rin3 an N1 paapirimiin3 -an )*ri#atan *nan atom ! nomor 1B
ari ri)osa
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&IOSA s DEOKSI&IOSA
T,r,nan p*ntin ari
ri)osa aa(a+ 27*o#siri)osa' s*rin+an-a is*),t*o#siri)osa' -an paa#ar)on nomor 2n-a OCianti#an o(*+ C.
D*o#siri)osa it*m,#an iDNA *o-ri)on,"(*i"a"i3
Ri)osa it*m,#an i RNAri)on,"(*i" a"i3.
8*nantian OC o(*+ Ci atom ! nomor 2
m*mp*nar,+i str,#t,r
DN RN
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DEOKSI&IONUKLEOTIDA PENUSUN DNA
8*n-ampaian D*o#siri)on,#(*otia)iasan-a a(am )*nt,# sin#atanmisa(n-a3 A' ata, A *o#siA3'ata, AM8 *o#sia*nosin
mono/os/at3
Gula !"-deoksiribosa #angberikatan dengan basa nitrogen
(a(am "onto+ i sampinaa(a+ purin - adenin dan guanin)paa atom #ar)on nomor 1n-ais*),t deoksiribonukleosida
(a(am "onto+ i sampinaa(a+deoksiadenosin dandeoksiguanosine).
D*o#siri)on,#(*osia -ant*r/os/ori(asi paa atom #ar)onnomor 4n-a is*),tD*o#siri)on,#(*otia a(am"onto+ i sampin aa(a+*o#sia*ni(at an
*o#si,ani(at3.
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DEOKSI&IONUKLEOTIDA UTAMA
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KE&A-AMAN IKATAN 0OS0AT
Ciro(isis RNA o(*+ *nGim
m*n+asi(#an ri)on,#(*osia 4B7mono7/os/at ata, ri)on,#(*osiaH7mono/os/at.
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KE&A-AMAN +UMLA, 0OS0AT
$!
%
N,"(*osia mono7' i7' an tri/os/at
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PENAMAAN NUKLEOTIDA 425
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PENAMAAN NUKLEOTIDA 415
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KE&AN-KA -ULA/0OS0AT
O(*+ #ar*nan-a #*ran#a asar po(in,#(*otia ata, asam n,#(*att*rs,s,n atas r*si, /os/at an ri)osa -an )*rs*(an7s*(in.
Ur,tan )asa a(am po(in,#(*otia it,(is ari ,;,n -an m*mi(i#i,,s /os/at i atom #ar)on nomor 4 #* ,;,n -an m*mi(i#i,,s +iro#si( i atom #ar)on nomor H' ata, )iasa is*),t ,;,n4 #* H> 47AT5!TA5!7H
8*r+ati#an )a+a #*ran#a asar po(in,#(*otia m*mi(i#i m,atan
n*ati/.
ASA NIT&O-EN DAPAT E&POSISI
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ASA NIT&O-EN DAPAT E&POSISI
SYN-ATAU ANTI-
KON0O&MASI KE&AN-KA DASA&
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KON0O&MASI KE&AN-KA DASA&
-ULA/0OS0AT
8o(in,#(*otia m*mi(i#i#*)*)asan )*rotasi ta# t*r)atas'
#*",a(i paa #*ran#a "in"inri)osan-a.
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ASAM NUKLEAT
Monom*r n,#(*otia apat )*ri#atan
sat, sama (ain m*(a(,i i#atan/os/oi*st*r antara 7OC i atom! nomor Hn-a *nan ,,s/os/at ari n,#(*otia
)*ri#,tn-a.K*,a ,;,n po(i7 ata,o(ion,#(*otia -an i+asi(#anm*n-isa#an ,,s /os/at iatom #ar)on nomor 4n,#(*otia p*rtama an ,,s+iro#si( i atom #ar)on nomorH n,#(*otia t*ra#+ir.
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Asam n,#(*at
M*r,pa#an )aian oranism* +i,p - sanatM*r,pa#an )aian oranism* +i,p - sanatp*ntinp*ntin
M*m)aa in/ormasi *n*ti#a -an a#anM*m)aa in/ormasi *n*ti#a -an a#an
it,r,n#an : itrans/*r r *n*rasi #* *n*rasi.it,r,n#an : itrans/*r r *n*rasi #* *n*rasi.S*m,a in/ormasi - aa (m s*(S*m,a in/ormasi - aa (m s*( DNADNA Aa 2 ma"am>Aa 2 ma"am>
Asam *o#siri)on,#(*at > AND : DNAAsam *o#siri)on,#(*at > AND : DNA
Asam ri)on,#(*at > ARN : RNAAsam ri)on,#(*at > ARN : RNA Asam n,#(*at mrp# po(im*r n,#(*otia -Asam n,#(*at mrp# po(im*r n,#(*otia -
i+,),n#an n i#atan /os/oi*st*ri+,),n#an n i#atan /os/oi*st*r
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KOMPOSISI ASA PENUSUN
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KOMPOSISI ASA PENUSUN
ASAM NUKLEAT
Or(anis*eOr(anis*e AA -- "" TT
Escherichia coliEscherichia coli 2'%2'% 2'02'0 24'%24'% 2H'2H'
K+amirK+amir H1'HH1'H 1$'%1$'% 1%'11%'1 H2'&H2'&
5an,m5an,m 2%'H2%'H 22'%22'% 22'$22'$ 2%'12%'1
Sa(monSa(mon 2&'%2&'% 20'$20'$ 20'20' 2&'12&'1
A-amA-am 2$'$2$'$ 20'420'4 21'421'4 2&'H2&'H
NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM NUKLEAT
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NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM NUKLEAT
Ri)on,#(*otia aa(a+p*n-,s,n RNA
Ri)on,#(*otiaRNA
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N,"(*oti*s
H partsH partsnitro*n )as*nitro*n )as*!7N rin3!7N rin3p*ntos* s,arp*ntos* s,ar4!34!3
ri)os*ri)os*in RNAin RNA*o-ri)os**o-ri)os*in DNAin DNA
p+osp+at*p+osp+at*8O8O33ro,pro,p
Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?
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RNA DNA
RNARNAsin(* n,"(*oti* "+ainsin(* n,"(*oti* "+ain
DNADNA
o,)(* n,"(*oti* "+aino,)(* n,"(*oti* "+ainN )as*s )on in pairsN )as*s )on in pairs
a"ross "+ainsa"ross "+ainsspira(* in aspira(* in a o,)(* +*(io,)(* +*(io,)(* +*(i 1o,)(* +*(i 1ststpropos* as str,"t,r* o/ DNApropos* as str,"t,r* o/ DNA
in 1&4H )-in 1&4H )- Jam*s WatsonJam*s Watson Fran"is !ri"#Fran"is !ri"#;,st "*(*)rat* 40t+ anni@*rsar- in 200H3;,st "*(*)rat* 40t+ anni@*rsar- in 200H3
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T-p*s o/ n,"(*oti*s
2 t-p*s o/ n,"(*oti*s2 t-p*s o/ n,"(*oti*si//*r*nt nitro*n )as*si//*r*nt nitro*n )as*sp,rin*sp,rin*so,)(* rin N )as*o,)(* rin N )as*a*nin* A3a*nin* A3,anin* 53,anin* 53
p-rimiin*sp-rimiin*s
sin(* rin N )as*sin(* rin N )as*"-tosin* !3"-tosin* !3t+-min* T3t+-min* T3
,ra"i( U3,ra"i( U3
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6,i(in t+* po(-m*r
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N,"(*i" po(-m*r
6a"#)on*6a"#)on*s,ar to 8Os,ar to 8O)on)onp+osp+oi*st*rp+osp+oi*st*r)on)on
n* )as* a* to s,ar o/n* )as* a* to s,ar o/pr*@io,s )as*pr*@io,s )as*po(-m*r ros in on*po(-m*r ros in on*
ir*"tionir*"tionN )as*s +an o// t+*N )as*s +an o// t+*
s,ar7p+osp+at* )a"#)on*s,ar7p+osp+at* )a"#)on*Dangling bases?Why is this important?
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8airin o/ n,"(*oti*s
N,"(*oti*s )on )*t**nN,"(*oti*s )on )*t**nDNA stransDNA stransC )onsC )ons
p,rin* >> p-rimiin*p,rin* >> p-rimiin*A >> TA >> T
2 C )ons2 C )ons
5 >> !5 >> !H C )onsH C )ons
Matching bases?Why is this important?
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RNA
Aa m"mAa m"m
Cn RNACn RNA
mRNAmRNA rRNArRNA tRNAtRNA
snRNAsnRNA
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+nRNA+nRNA+*t*ro*ono,s n,"(*ar RNA+*t*ro*ono,s n,"(*ar RNA m*r,pa#anm*r,pa#an+asi( trans#ripsi (ans,n r DNA+asi( trans#ripsi (ans,n r DNA
mRNAmRNA t*(a+ m*na(ami pros*s posttrans#ripsit*(a+ m*na(ami pros*s posttrans#ripsi m*n+i(an#an intronm*n+i(an#an intron
in/ormasi *n*ti#in/ormasi *n*ti# (m )t# "oon(m )t# "oon
,r,tan H n,#(*otia3,r,tan H n,#(*otia3
rRNArRNA Kompon*n ri)osom imana trans(asi )*r(ans,nKompon*n ri)osom imana trans(asi )*r(ans,n
tRNAtRNA M*n*r;*ma+#an #o* *n*ti#M*n*r;*ma+#an #o* *n*ti# M*n+,),n#an antara asam n,#(*at *nan asam aminoM*n+,),n#an antara asam n,#(*at *nan asam amino
prot*inprot*in
snRNAsnRNA Sma(( n,"(*ar RNASma(( n,"(*ar RNAm*m)ant, pros*s sp(i"in a(am postm*m)ant, pros*s sp(i"in a(am post
trans#ripsi pros*strans#ripsi pros*s
T f &NA 4 &NA5T f &NA 4t&NA5
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Transfer &NA 4t&NA5Transfer &NA 4t&NA5
composed of a nucleic acid anda specic amino acid
provide the linkbetween the nucleic
acid sequence ofmRNA and the aminoacid sequence it codesfor.
An anticodonasequence of 3nucleotides in a tRNAthat is complementaryto a codon of mRNAStructure of tRNAs
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MASALA, &NA KETIDAKSTAILAN
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MASALA, &NA6 KETIDAKSTAILAN
DNA' -an m*mi(i#i C s*)aai p*nanti OC iDNA' -an m*mi(i#i C s*)aai p*nanti OC i
atom ! nomor 2B' (*)i+ sta)i(atom ! nomor 2B' (*)i+ sta)i(
NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM NUKLEAT
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NUKLEOTIDA DAN ASAM NUKLEAT
D*o#siri)on,#(*otia aa(a+p*n-,s,n DNA
DNAD*o#siri)on,#(*otia
,
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F,nsi )io(ois
DNA s*)aaiDNA s*)aaip*m)aa in/ormasip*m)aa in/ormasi*n*ti#*n*ti# DNADNA#ompon*n r#ompon*n r
#romosom#romosom F,nsi -an (ain>F,nsi -an (ain>
N,#(*otia s)N,#(*otia s)p*m)aa *n*rip*m)aa *n*ri
N,#(*otia s*)aiN,#(*otia s*)ai#o*nsim#o*nsim
*nGim*nGim
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DNA D*o-ri)oN,"(*i" A"i 3
Di#*na( s*)aai mat*ri *n*ti#Di#*na( s*)aai mat*ri *n*ti# M*r,pa#an #ompon*n #romosomM*r,pa#an #ompon*n #romosom M*r,pa#an po(im*r *o#siri)on,#(*otiaM*r,pa#an po(im*r *o#siri)on,#(*otia
- i+,),n#an *nan i#atan- i+,),n#an *nan i#atan/os/oi*st*r/os/oi*st*r
6a"#)on* ran#a3 t*riri r> ,,s /os/at6a"#)on* ran#a3 t*riri r> ,,s /os/at
an ,(a - sa(in )*rs*(inan ,(a - sa(in )*rs*(in M*mi(i#i ori*ntasi 4BM*mi(i#i ori*ntasi 4B HB ;# ,,s /os/at rHB ;# ,,s /os/at r
!4 )*ri#atan n OC !H!4 )*ri#atan n OC !H
ST&UKTU& DNA
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ST&UKTU& DNA
DNA t*riri atas ,a
ran#aian +*(i#s anti7para(*(para(*( )*r(aanan ara+3-an m*(i(it #* #anan s,at,poros.
U#,ran (i(itan aa(a+ H '
-an m*nan,n 10.4pasanan )asa p*r p,taran.
K*ran#a -an )*rs*(an7s*(in antara ,,s
*o#siri)osa an /os/att*r(*ta# i )aian (,ar.
I#atan +iro*n antara )asap,rin an pirimiin t*r(*ta# )aian a(am.
&AN-KAIAN ENAN- DNA
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&AN-KAIAN ENAN- DNA
6asa p*n-,s,n s,at, )*nan DNA
-an antipara((*( tia# samam*(ain#an )*rsi/at #omp(*m*nt*r+aap )*nan pasanann-a.
6asa ! )*rpasanan *nan 5's*an#an A *nan T. Ca( inisanat )*man/aat a(am #aitan,nt,# p*n-impanan anp*mina+an.
IKATAN ,ID&O-EN ANTA&
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IKATAN ,ID&O-EN ANTA&
&AN-KAIAN ASA DNA
&atson-'rik base pairing
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Dia(am s*(Dia(am s*( a(ama(am;a(in ana o,)(* +*(i3;a(in ana o,)(* +*(i3
Dimana ,,s /os/atDimana ,,s /os/at)*raa i (,ar an )asa)*raa i (,ar an )asanitro*nn-a i a(amnitro*nn-a i a(am
Ja(in ana - t*r)*nt,#Ja(in ana - t*r)*nt,#)*rsi/at anti para((*()*rsi/at anti para((*(
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S
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S,s,nan )asa nitro*n paaS,s,nan )asa nitro*n paa;a(in ana DNA;a(in ana DNAtia# ranomtia# ranom
5,anin 53 Sitosin !35,anin 53 Sitosin !3A*nin A3 7 Timin T3A*nin A3 7 Timin T3
Antara )asa nitro*n sat,Antara )asa nitro*n sat,*nan -an (ain i+,),n#an*nan -an (ain i+,),n#an
*nan i#atan +iro*n*nan i#atan +iro*n
Watson an !ri"# > r*p(i#asiWatson an !ri"# > r*p(i#asi sanat m,n#in ,nt,# s,at,sanat m,n#in ,nt,# s,at,DNA ip*r)an-a# in/ormasiDNA ip*r)an-a# in/ormasi
- sama- sama
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DNA i a(am s*(DNA i a(am s*(it*m,#anit*m,#an H )nt#H )nt#
,tama,tama 6*nt,# 66*nt,# 6 6*nt,# A6*nt,# A 6*nt,# 6*nt,#
Per$edaan)a 7Per$edaan)a 7
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ti t i #( t ;
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s*p*rtis*p*rti +a(n-a+a(n-aprot*in' asam n,#(*at ;,aprot*in' asam n,#(*at ;,am*mp,n-ai str,#t,r prim*r' s*#,n*r an t*rsi*rm*mp,n-ai str,#t,r prim*r' s*#,n*r an t*rsi*r asam n,#(*at m*mp,n-ai ara+ s*ns*asam n,#(*at m*mp,n-ai ara+ s*ns*7 M*mp,n-ai ini@i,a(itasM*mp,n-ai ini@i,a(itas it*nt,#an ari ,r,tanit*nt,#an ari ,r,tan
)asa nitro*nn-a)asa nitro*nn-a is*),t s*)aaiis*),t s*)aai struktur primerstruktur primer7 Informasi genetikInformasi genetikaa paa str,#t,r prim*raa paa str,#t,r prim*r
88
A
HB
4B
!
88
HB
4B
5
8
HB
4B
T
8
HB
4B
!
4B
OC
HB A!5T!
St #t #
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Str,#t,r s*#,n*r
Do,)(* +*(iDo,)(* +*(i Watson n !ri"#Watson n !ri"# m*n;aa) str,#t,r HD DNA n X7m*n;aa) str,#t,r HD DNA n X7
ra- i//ra"tion patt*rn > +s( p*n*(itian Rosa(inra- i//ra"tion patt*rn > +s( p*n*(itian Rosa(inFran#(inFran#(in
Mamp, m*n-imp,(#an )a+a >Mamp, m*n-imp,(#an )a+a > m*mp,n-ai str,#t,r o,)(* +*(im*mp,n-ai str,#t,r o,)(* +*(i *nan 10 )asa s*tiap p,taran*nan 10 )asa s*tiap p,taran p,taran H0p,taran H0'' )asa Nitro*n A7T ' 5 !)asa Nitro*n A7T ' 5 ! "*#,#an ma-or an minor"*#,#an ma-or an minor o,)(* +*(i m*m,tar #* #anano,)(* +*(i m*m,tar #* #anan s*(/ r*p(i"ations*(/ r*p(i"ation
S*mi#ons*r@ati/ p R*p(i#asi
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p pDNA
M*#anism* p*n#opian DNAm*(i)at#an p*m),#aano,)(* +*(i
S*tiap rantai m*n;ai po(a :t*mp(at ,nt,# pita )ar,
S*mi #ons*r@ati/apa
)*a *nan #ons*r@ati/ anisp*rsi@*
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X7ra- i//ra"tion > aa 2 ma"amX7ra- i//ra"tion > aa 2 ma"am P t*(a+ it*r;*ma+#an str,#t,r H D n-a > 6P t*(a+ it*r;*ma+#an str,#t,r H D n-a > 6
/orm/orm 6*nt,# -an ,m,m aa(a+ 6 /orm6*nt,# -an ,m,m aa(a+ 6 /ormA /ormA /orm RNA o,)(* +*(iRNA o,)(* +*(i
5,,s OC p RNA5,,s OC p RNA tia#tia#m*m,n#in#an m*(ipat (*)i+ *#atm*m,n#in#an m*(ipat (*)i+ *#at m*m)*nt,# A /orm -an (*)i+ (*)arm*m)*nt,# A /orm -an (*)i+ (*)ar
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Da(am #onisi norma( #onisi /isio(ois3 DNA r*(ati/ sta)i(
Kaan m*n;ai tia# sta)i( #rn pros*s2 r*p(i#asi'trans#ripsi
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Disosiasi o,)(* +*(i DNADisosiasi o,)(* +*(i DNA *nat,rasi*nat,rasi apa)i(a DNA ipanas#an iatas m*(tinapa)i(a DNA ipanas#an iatas m*(tin
t*mp*rat,rn-a Tm3 ma#a o,)(* +*(it*mp*rat,rn-a Tm3 ma#a o,)(* +*(ia#an t*r),#aa#an t*r),#a
TmTm t*rant,n paa rasio 59!3:t*rant,n paa rasio 59!3:A9T3A9T3
5:! "ont*nt apat i+it,n *nan5:! "ont*nt apat i+it,n *nan59!3 : Tota( 6asa N3 100Q59!3 : Tota( 6asa N3 100Q
,ASIL PENELITIAN ",A&-A00
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,ASIL PENELITIAN ",A&-A00
1.1. Asa* nukleat )an( diislasi dari $er$a(aiAsa* nukleat )an( diislasi dari $er$a(ai
8arin(an r(anis*e )an( sa*a *e*iliki8arin(an r(anis*e )an( sa*a *e*iliki
k*#sisi $asa )an( sa*ak*#sisi $asa )an( sa*a
2.2. K*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat $era(a* #adaK*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat $era(a* #ada
r(anis*e )an( $er$edar(anis*e )an( $er$eda3.3. K*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat suatu s#esiesK*#sisi $asa Asa* nukleat suatu s#esies
tidak $eru$ah leh u*ur9 nutrisi9 dantidak $eru$ah leh u*ur9 nutrisi9 dan
lin(kun(anlin(kun(an
!.!. +u*lah residu adenin selalu setara den(an+u*lah residu adenin selalu setara den(an
8u*lah residu ti*in9 sedan(kan 8u*lah residu8u*lah residu ti*in9 sedan(kan 8u*lah residu
(uaninn selalu setara den(an 8u*lah residu(uaninn selalu setara den(an 8u*lah residu
sitsinsitsin
KESIMPULAN PENELITIAN ",A&-A00
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KESIMPULAN PENELITIAN ",A&-A00
Asam n,#(*at m*r,pa#an )a+an p*n*nt,Asam n,#(*at m*r,pa#an )a+an p*n*nt,si/at ma+(,# +i,psi/at ma+(,# +i,p
Asam n,#(*at it,r,n#an:itrans/*r ariAsam n,#(*at it,r,n#an:itrans/*r ariin,# #* #*t,r,nann-ain,# #* #*t,r,nann-a
DIMANA ASAM NUKLEAT E&PE&AN7
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DIMANA ASAM NUKLEAT E&PE&AN7
DNA m*nan,n *n' in/ormasi -an m*nat,r
sint*sis prot*in an RNA. DNA m*nan,n )aian7)aian -an m*n*nt,#an
p*nat,ran *#spr*si *n promot*r' op*rator' ((.3
Ri)osoma( RNA rRNA3 m*r,pa#an #ompon*n ari
ri)osom' m*sin )io(ois p*m),at prot*in M*ss*n*r RNAs mRNA3 m*r,pa#an )a+an
p*m)aa in/ormasi *n*ti# ari *n #* ri)osom
Trans/*r RNAs tRNAs3 m*r,pa#an )a+an -an
m*nt*r;*ma+#an in/ormasi a(am mRNA m*n;ai,r,tan asam amino
RNAs m*mi(i#i /,nsi7/,nsi -an (ain' i antaran-a/,nsi7/,nsi #ata(is
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Teri*a Kasih
8USTAKA
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1.Irfan D. Prijambada As m
Nukle t Pengajar Biokimia
Fakultas Pertanian UniversitasGadjah ada
!. "ri #ini Nuringt$as."ri #ini Nuringt$as. Nukleotida
dan asam nukleat
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