Market supply
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Transcript of Market supply
Market Supply
• Supply is the quan9ty of a good or service that a producer is willing and able to supply onto the market at a given price in a given 9me period.
• The basic law of supply is that as the price of a product rises, so businesses expand supply to the market.
• A supply curve shows a rela9onship between market price and how much a firm is willing and able to sell. Mass P
rodu
c9on
Airline
Travel
Prod
uc9o
n Line
s
Key to understanding the basics of market supply is to be aware of the importance of the profit mo<ve. Suppliers will be looking to get the best price for their product.
Reasoning for the Law of Supply
• There are three main reasons why supply curves are drawn as sloping upwards from leI to right :
1. The profit mo<ve: – If the market price rises following an increase in demand, it
becomes more profitable for businesses to increase their output
2. Produc<on and costs: – When output expands, a firm’s produc<on costs tend to rise,
therefore a higher price is needed to cover these extra costs of produc9on. This may be due to the effects of diminishing returns as more factor inputs are added to produc9on.
3. New entrants coming into the market: – Higher prices may create an incen<ve for other businesses to
enter a market leading to an increase in total supply.
Supply in Ac<on – Adidas Footwear Output
Adidas Group's footwear production worldwide from 2008 to 2014
221
171
219 239 240
256 258
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Million pairs
Year
In 2009 there was a global economic recession. Demand for sports shoes declined and Adidas responded by cuYng output
Supply Curve – Higher Prices and Supply Expansion Price of Coffee
Quan9ty supplied
Supply of coffee
P1
Q1
P2
Q2
P3
Q3
A rise in the market price brings about an expansion of supply – producers are responding to the profit mo<ve
A movement along the supply curve is caused solely by a change in price, all other factors remaining constant
Supply Curve – Lower Prices and Supply Contrac<on Price of Coffee
Quan9ty supplied
Supply of coffee
P1
Q1
P2
Q2
P3
Q3
If market prices fall, we expect to see a contrac<on of supply and producers have less incen9ve to produce at lower prices
In some industries, the price may fall so low that some suppliers decide to leave
Market Supply
Market supply is total supply brought to the market by producers at each price. To calculate, sum the individual supply schedules
Price (£) Firm A’s supply +
Firm B’s supply +
Firm C’s supply +
= Market Supply
10 30 0 5 35
20 45 10 15 70
30 65 20 40 125
40 100 30 70 200
Supply is not necessarily the amount that is actually sold, since, if consumers do not wish to buy the product, it will remain unsold
Causes of ShiXs in the Market Supply Curve
1. Changes in the unit costs of produc<on – Lower unit costs mean that a business can supply more at each
price – for example higher produc9vity – Higher unit costs cause an inward shiI of supply e.g. a rise in wage
rates or an increase in energy prices / other raw materials 2. A fall (deprecia<on) in the exchange rate causes an increase in prices
of imported components and raw materials – 3. Advances in produc<on technologies – outward shiI of supply 4. The entry of new producers into the market – outward shiI 5. Favourable weather condi<ons e.g. for agricultural products 6. Taxes, subsidies and government regula<ons
– Indirect taxes cause an inward shiI of supply – Subsidies cause an outward shiI of supply – Regula<ons increase costs – causing an inward shiI of supply
Illustra<ng An Outward ShiX in Market Supply Price of Beef
Quan9ty supplied
S1
P1
Q1 Q2
An outward shiI of the market supply for beef is shown by S1 shiIing to S2. More can be supplied at each price level
S2
The supply curve will shiI if there is a change in a non-‐price factor, which affects producers
Illustra<ng An Inward ShiX in Market Supply Price of Beef
Quan9ty supplied
S1
P1
Q1 Q3
An inward shiI of the market supply curve means that producers cannot supply as much at each price level
S3
The main cause of an inward shiI of supply will be an increase in produc<on costs. How much the supply curve shiIs depends on how important a par9cular cost is to a business e.g. the percentage of labour costs in a firm’s total costs.
Wheat Prices affect Supply Costs in many Industries
Source: DEFRA * data for May 2015
65.02 79.32 80.3
67.43 78.88
120.97
137.87
107.05
123.76
169.17 179.26 175.95
143.06
127.15
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
Price pe
r ton
ne in £s
Falling wheat prices will cause a reduc9on in the resource costs for food manufacturers such as cereal producers. If other factors remain constant, producers who use wheat will see an outward shiI of supply
Joint Supply
• Joint supply is where an increase or decrease in the supply of one good leads to an increase or decrease in supply of a by-‐product.
• Examples: 1. An expansion in beef
produc9on will lead to a rising market supply of beef hides
2. A contrac9on in the market supply of lamb will reduce the supply of wool
• Another example of joint supply is wheat and straw
Beef and hide Lamb and wool
Wheat and straw
Codon and codon seed
Examples of joint supply