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Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Mariano Fernández-López
Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Technical University of Madrid (UPM)
Spain
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Outline
1. Introduction
2. OntoClean
3. WebODE
4. ODEClean
5. Conclusions
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Introduction. Ontology evaluation
As ontologies move from academic institutions into commercial environments they have to fulfil stronger requirements (e.g. concerning correctness, consistency, completeness, conciseness, etc.)
The evaluation is a key activity in ontology development
Gómez Pérez’s approach
Approaches
Gómez-Pérez, A. “Evaluation of Ontologies”. International Journal of Intelligent Systems. 16(3). March, 2001.
Kalfoglou and colleagues’ approach
Y.Kalfoglou, D.Robertson. "Managing Ontological Constraints", In Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods (KRR5), Stockholm, Sweden, August 1999.
OntoClean
Welty, C.; Guarino, N. Supporting Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. Data and Knowledge Engineering. September 2001.
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Introduction. Ontology evaluation with METHONTOLOGY
Most of the ontology development methodologies include an evaluation activity
METHONTOLOGY proposes to evaluate the ontology during its whole life cycle
Fernández-López, M.; Gómez-Pérez, A.; Pazos, J.; Pazos, A. Building a Chemical Ontology using methontology and the Ontology Design Environment. IEEE Intelligent Systems and their applications. #4 (1):37-45. 1999.
WebODE is the workbench that gives technological support to some activities of METHONTOLOGY
Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Vicente, O. WebODE: an integrated workbench for ontology representation, reasoning and exchange. 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management EKAW02. 2002.
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY does not propose a set of design principles that guide the development of taxonomic knowledge and methods to clean tangled taxonomies.
We have integrated OntoClean in METHONTOLOGY
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY OntoClean
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Metothologies
Software
Methodology integration
OntoClean
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
OntoClean
OntoCleanmodule
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY OntoClean
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Metothologies
Software
Methodology integration
OntoClean
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
OntoClean
MóduloOntoClean
Fernández-López, M.; Gómez-Pérez, A.; Guarino, N. 2001. “The Methontology & OntoClean merge”. Technical Report, OntoWeb special interest group on Enterprise-standards Ontology Environments. Amsterdam. 2001
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
Specification Conceptualization Maintenance
Development activities
Support activities
Knowledge acquisition
Evaluation
Documentation
Configuration Management
Formalization
Integration
Implementation
Management activities
Scheduling Control
Quality assurance
OntoClean inclusion
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
METHONTOLOGY OntoClean
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Metothologies
Software
Methodology integration
OntoClean
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
OntoClean
OntoCleanmodule
OntoClean
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
OntoCleanOntoClean has been elaborated by the Ontology Group of the LADSEB-CNR in Padova (Italy). It is a method to clean taxonomies according to notions such as: rigidity, identity and unity.
Top level of universals
Is useful to obtain
Step 1, step 2, ...
Method steps
Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy to be evaluated:
•Associated to rigidity: is rigid, is anti-rigid or is non-rigid
•Associated to identity: carries identity criterion or supplies identity criterion
•Associated to unity: carries unity (..........)
Are useful to apply
obtain
Cleaned taxonomy
Tangled taxonomy
Has to be cleaned
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
OntoClean meta-propertiesOntoClean has been elaborated by the Ontology Group of the LADSEB-CNR in Padova (Italy). It is a method to clean taxonomies according to notions such as: rigidity, identity and unity.
Top level of universals
Is useful to obtain
Step 1, step 2, ...
Method steps
Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy to be evaluated:
•Associated to rigidity: is rigid, is anti-rigid or is non-rigid
•Associated to identity: carries identity criterion or supplies identity criterion
•Associated to unity: carries unity (..........)
Are useful to apply
obtain
Cleaned taxonomy
Tangled taxonomy
Has to be cleaned
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
OntoClean metaproperties associated to the rigidity notion
Essence: a property is essential to an individual if and only if necessarily holds for that individual
John is necessarily a person
Rigidity
A property is rigid (+R) if and only if is necessarily essential to all its instances
A property is non-rigid (-R) if and only if it is not essential to some of its instances,
A property is anti-rigid (~R) if and only if it is not essential to all its instances.
Person is an essential property for every individual
John is not necessarily a student
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
We can say that an individual is a whole if and only if it is made by a set of parts unified by a relation R.
British Airways is a whole unified by the relation has president
Unity (aprox. definition)
A property P is said to carry unity (+U) if there is a common unifying relation R such that all the instances of P are wholes under R
Enterprise-with-president carries unity since has president is the relation that unifies every instance
OntoClean metaproperties associated to the unity notion
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Top level of universals
Top level of universals
Is useful to obtain
Step 1, step 2, ...
Method steps
Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy to be evaluated:
•Associated to rigidity: is rigid, is anti-rigid or is non-rigid
•Associated to identity: carries identity criterion or supplies identity criterion
•Associated to unity: carries unity
Are useful to apply
obtain
Cleaned taxonomy
Tangled taxonomy
Has to be cleaned
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
top level of particulars
car traveller
my car John Smith
instance of instance of
PARTICULARS
UNIVERSALS
subclass ofsubclass of
instance ofinstance of
type role
top level of universals
Top level of universals
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Top level of universals to obtain meta-properties
top level of particulars
car traveller
my car John Smith
instance of instance of
PARTICULARS
UNIVERSALS
subclass ofsubclass of
instance ofinstance of
type role
top level of universals
Every type is rigid
Car is a type
Car is rigid
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
OntoClean method steps
Top level of universals
Is useful to obtain
Step 1, step 2, ...
Method steps
Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy to be evaluated:
•Associated to rigidity: is rigid, is anti-rigid or is non-rigid
•Associated to identity: carries identity criterion or supplies identity criterion
•Associated to unity: carries unity (..........)
Are useful to apply
obtain
Cleaned taxonomy
Tangled taxonomy
Has to be cleaned
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
1) Put tags to every property assigning meta-properties
PHYSICAL OBJECT
FRUIT
FOOD
-D+O+U-R
-D+O+U+R
+D+I-O~U~R
OntoClean method steps
AMOUNT OF MATTER
-D+O+U+R
-D+O-U+R
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
2) Focus just on the rigid properties (backbone taxonomy)
OntoClean method steps
PHYSICAL OBJECT
FRUIT
FOOD
-D+O+U-R
-D+O+U+R
+D+I-O~U~R
AMOUNT OF MATTER
-D+O+U+R
-D+O-U+R
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
3) Evaluate the taxonomy taking into account cleaning axioms. For example, “a property carrying anti-unity has to be disjoint of a property carrying unity”
OntoClean method steps
PHYSICAL OBJECT
FRUIT
FOOD
-D+O+U-R
-D+O+U+R
+D+I-O~U~R
AMOUNT OF MATTER
-D+O+U+R
-D+O-U+R
Physical object carries a unity criterion and amount of matter does not
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
4) Consider non-rigid properties
5) Complete the taxonomy with other concepts and relations
OntoClean method steps
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
METHONTOLOGY OntoClean
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Metothologies
Software
Methodology integration
OntoClean
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
OntoClean
OntoCleanmodule
WebODE
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
WebODE
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
METHONTOLOGY OntoClean
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Metothologies
Software
Methodology integration
OntoClean
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
WebODE
Methodologies
Software
OntoClean
OntoCleanmodule
OntoClean module
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
OntoClean module
•ODEClean functions
•ODEClean building
•ODEClean internal work
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
ODEClean functions
•ODEClean functions
•ODEClean building
•ODEClean internal work
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
ODEClean functions
•Establishing the evaluation mode •Assigning meta-properties to concepts •Focusing on rigid properties •Evaluation according to the taxonomic constraints
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Form-based web for ODEClean
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
OntoDesigner for evaluating taxonomies following OntoClean
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Errors detected by ODEClean
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
ODEClean building
•ODEClean functions
•ODEClean building
•ODEClean internal work
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
ODEClean building
Top level ofUniversals
+Meta-properties
+Evaluation axioms
Step 1. ODEClean’s ontology building
Step 2. Translation into Prolog of ODEClean’s ontology
ODEClean’s ontology in
Prolog
ODEClean’s ontology
User interface
Communication with the rest of
WebODE
Step 3. Building of the rest of the system
ODECLEAN
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Example of axiom introduced in ODEClean ontology
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
ODEClean internal work
•ODEClean functions
•ODEClean building
•ODEClean internal work
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
ODEClean internal work
ENRICHED TOP LEVEL OF UNIVERSALS
PROPERTY
Carries identity criterion: booleanSupplies identity criterion: booleanCarries anti-unity: booleanCarries unity: booleanIs dependent: booleanIs anti rigid: booleanIs rigid: boolean
The rest ofthe top levelof universals
APPLE
Carries identity criterion: yesSupplies identity criterion: yesCarries anti-unity: noCarries unity: yesIs dependent: noIs anti rigid: noIs rigid: yes
Instance of
FOOD
Carries identity criterion: yesSupplies identity criterion: noCarries anti-unity: yesCarries unity: noIs dependent: yesIs anti rigid: yesIs rigid: no
Instance of
Subclass of
ONTOLOGY IN PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Conclusions
1. Introduction
2. OntoClean
5. WebODE
6. ODEClean
7. Conclusions
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Conclusions
•We provide software support for a methodology which was applied by hand
•We have carried out an integration at the methodological level before performing it at the software level •An ontology built by a group that has not participated in the development of WebODE has been introduced in WebODE and enriched •The knowledge used to evaluate ontologies is declaratively specified
Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Mariano Fernández-López
Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Technical University of Madrid (UPM)
Spain