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mariam RvTismSobeli1
yovelive zemoTqmulis fonze gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom msoflio poezia-
Si asaxuli mravali merisagan gansxvavebiT, iqneba es baironis, Sellis, puSkinis
Tu lermontovis meri, galaktionTan meri RvTismSoblis kategoriaSia ayvanili:
aq mravalia cisferi feri!
es feri marad Tvals eyvareba,
rogorc qalwulis saxeli – meri
aris cisferi da mwuxareba.
(`gzaSi~)
am SemTxvevaSi beatriCe gvaxsendeba dante aligieris `RvTaebrivi
komediidan~, sadac is, rogorc poetis maradiuli megzuri, mecxre caze
RvTismSoblis xatebad gamogvecxadeba.
galaktionTan RvTismSoblis xatebad meria danaxuli. amgvar xedvas, rogorc
Cans, im garemoebam Seuwyo xeli, rom inglisur enaze, anu im enaze, romelzec iS-
va xateba baironiseuli merisa, “Mary” _ mariamia, – RvTismSoblis saxeli.
1915 wels, im wels, rodesac pirvelad gamoqveynda leqsi `Meri~, galaktioni
qmnis RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnil uaRresad STambeWdav leqss _ `saRamo~, sadac
poeti aTonis mTis iveriis monastris karibWis RvTismSoblis xats mimarTavs.
aTonis iveriis RvTismSoblis xati, igive Panagia Portaitissa (berZn. παναγια
πορταιτισσα `karis mcveli~, `karibWis RvTismSoblis xati~, `portaitisa~),
RvTismSoblis uZvelesi marTlmadidebluri xatia da mdebareobs saberZneTSi,
aTonis mTaze arsebul iveriis monasterSi. aTonis mTaze xati 999 wlidan
imyofeba. eklesiis gadmocemis Tanaxmad, xati dawerilia wm. luka maxareblis
mier. mraval dafiqsirebul saswaulTa safuZvelze xati aRiarebulia, rogorc
`saswaulTmoqmedi~. iveriis RvTismSoblis xati miekuTvneba odigitrias (berZ.
Όδηγήτρια _ gzis maCvenebeli) ojaxs. xatze RvTismSoblis saxes amCnevia naiarevi.
1 inesa merabiSvili, galaktionis Meri, prototipis Zieba, Tb., 2012, Tavi III, gv. 95-142.
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gTavazobT leqss `saRamo~:
mTis gagiJebul ruebs,
RviiT, ZenZiT da qviSiT,
grigali daayruebs
macxovrisadmi SiSiT.
da dedofali alva,
elvam daRuna civma;
ase gavida gvalva,
ase movida wvima...
jvari, lomi da kuro
farSavangebis aris.
TvalTa angelosT Suro,
Sen, RvTismSobelo karis!
zariT atexil grigals
daviT narinis jvari,
marmariloTa fiqals
gadaafarebs mZlavri.
an gaocebas, rasac
marad anaTebs Zeli,
isev daadebs razas
SemoRamebis celi.
an, rogorc asomTavruls,
mudam SevamCnev caze,
sxvisTvis uxilav-faruls
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me rad gelodi ase...
jvarze gakruli elva _
es Cemi daa lurji,
lurj yvavilebis Telva _
axalgazrdoba urCi.
jvarTan misuli suro _
martoobaa qnaris...
TvalTa angelosT Suro,
Sen, RvTismSobelo karis!
1915
rogorc vxedavT, leqsSi bunebis STambeWdavi suraTia aRwerili. amave dros
gvmarTebs, yuradReba gavamaxviloT im saxeebsa da simboloebze, romliTac es
leqsia datvirTuli, da garkveulwilad avxsnaT kidec am saxe-simboloTa
Sinaarsobrivi urTierTkavSirebi. es saSualebas mogvcems davasabuToT, rom
leqsSi moqceuli simboloebi aucileblad qmnian Rrmad gaazrebul
konceptualur sistemas da avtoris religiur-filosofiuri mrwamsi maRal
poetur formaSia gacxadebuli.
daviwyoT imiT, rom am enigmur leqsSi simboloTa mwyobri da natifi
urTierTkavSiri, erTi mxriv, RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xatis gandidebasa
da mis Tayvaniscemas emsaxureba, xolo meore mxriv, RvTismSoblis xatis axal
poetur xedvas isaxavs miznad. saswaulis Zala da RvTismoSiSobis Tema aq wina
planzea wamoweuli, rac pirvelive strofSi cxaddeba.
meore strofSi alva, rogorc naRvliani qalwulis sevdis simbolo, mariam
RvTismSoblis TemisaTvis amzadebs mkiTxvels: aq poets agreTve Semoaqvs elva,
rogorc qriste RmerTis gamocxadeba, rogorc sityva RvTisa da simbolo
ganaTebisa da ganaTlebisa, anu ise, rogorc es simbolikasTan dakavSirebul
literaturaSia miRebuli. striqonebs _ `da dedofali alva, / elvam daRuna
civma~, mohyveba striqonebi: `ase gavida gvalva, / ase movida wvima...~ es
upirvelesad migvaniSnebs im sulier gvalvaze, romelSiac imyofeboda
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kacobrioba qristianobamde, xolo wvimis mosvla im wyalobaze gvesaubreba,
romelic qristianobam moutana kacobriobas.
mesame strofis dasawyisSi Semodis sami simbolo: jvari, lomi da kuro. jvari
aucileblad rwmenasa da qristianul sarwmunoebas ganasaxierebs, lomi _
Zalauflebasa da Zlierebas, kuro, rogorc xari, miwis nayofierebisa da
mxurvale Zalis simboloa.
es sami simbolo aq farSavangs ukavSirdeba, rac, bunebrivia, samefo taxtisa da
RvTaebriobis niSania. am oTxi simbolos fonze, rasac win kidev sxva saxe-
simboloebi uZRvis, Cndeba striqonebi: `TvalTa angelosT Suro, / Sen
RvTismSobelo karis!~
legendis Tanaxmad, RvTismSoblis xati ar darCa taZris sakurTxevelSi, igi
saswaulebrivi gziT karibWis kedelze dabrZanda. xolo rodesac gabriel bers
RvTismSobeli ZilSi gamoecxada, auwya, rom ar nebavda maTgan mfarveloba,
radgan Tavad surda maTi mfarvelica da mcvelic gamxdariyo, da isic ara marto
am cxovrebaSi, aramed momavalSic.
aq, bunebrivia, Semodis adgilis mfarvel angelozTa Tema. legenda iZleva
saSualebas vigulisxmoT, rom mfarvel angelozTa gunds swored RvTismSoblis
mfarveli xati Caanacvlebs, da Tanac gansakuTrebuli da iSviaTi ZaliT, radgan,
rogorc RvTismSobeli etyvis gamocxadebisas gabriel bers, man es niWi Tavad
Tavisi Zisgan gamoiTxova.
poeturi xedva yovelTvis ver daemTxveva kanonikur religiur xedvas da is,
Cveulebriv, mravalaspeqtiani da mravalmniSvnelovania. Tanaxmad leqsis
konteqstisa, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom angelozebi maTTvis Cveul maradiul
moZraobaSi eSurebian RvTismSobelTan miaxloebas, rac afarToebs sityvis
moculobiT Sinaarss, analogiiT sityvaTa Cveuli xmarebisa: `eSureba dros,
axalgazrdobas, mdgomareobas~ da sxva, rac mudmiv Widilsa da moZraobaze
migvaniSnebs. leqsis mixedviT, taZris mfarvel angelozebs SurT RvTismSoblis
xatisa. `TvalTa angelosT Suro~ ar niSnavs mxolod angelozTa Surs, aramed
niSnavs angelozTa TvalTa Surs, anu im Surs, romelsac angelozebi ganicdian,
rodesac sakuTari TvaliT xedaven karibWis xats. am SemTxvevaSi teqsti
warmogvidgens Suris damokidebulebas ara raime uxilav ZalasTan, aramed Surs
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xiluli xatisadmi da sakuTriv imasac, rom es Suri angelozTa TvalTagan
moedineba, Tundac, analogiiT qarTul metyvelebaSi arsebuli gamoTqmisa _
`Suris TvaliT uyurebs~, rac kidev ufro miwiers xdis am suraTs. amasTanave,
isic gvmarTebs vTqvaT, rom Suri, rogorc codva, Tavdapirvelad adamianis
Tvals ekvris, Semdeg gadadis gulSi, xolo uares SemTxvevaSi, SeaRwevs adamianis
sulSi. galaktionis am leqsSi angelozebi TvalTa SuriT, Tundac TeTri SuriT,
Sehyureben mariam RvTismSoblis xats da masTan siaxlovesac eSurebian. aseTi
metaforiT galaktioni Tavad uaxlovdeba angelozTa gunds da maT mzeras Tvals
usworebs. angelozebTan saxloba am SemTxvevaSi galaktionisaTvis gamonaklisi
rodia. gavixsenoT leqsi `angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti~.
es leqsi, pirvel yovlisa, poeturi xilvis Sedegia da aqedan gamomdinareobs
misi fantasmagoriuli xasiaTic. es ki, mogexsenebaT, galaktionis poeziis erT-
erT Taviseburebas warmoadgens.
pirvel rigSi, es aris poetis amaRleba cxovrebaze da muzebTan erTad caSi
saxloba. poeti gvixatavs angelozs grZeli pergamentiT, rogorc poeziis muzas.
sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom poeti dablidan ki ar Sehyurebs cis angelozs,
aramed mis gverdiTaa. amis lingvisturi gamoxatulebaa striqoni `romelsac azi-
is ciT gadauareT~, da sakuTriv zmna `gadauareT~. amasTanave, mTeli leqsiT Seq-
mnilia ganwyoba, rom poeti Tavadve ganicdis imas, rasac ganicdis da xedavs an-
gelozi, e.i. misi Tanamonawilea.
sagulisxmoa, rom leqsSi igrZnoba msoflio sevda da mwuxareba, romelic ga-
laktionma, rogorc baironis memkvidrem, gaiziara, da rac misTvisac aranakleb
axlobelia: angelozi xom `mwuxare TvalebiT miwas dahyurebda~. `miwa~ – es de-
damiwaa, xolo mwuxareba da misi aRqma, iseve rogorc mTeli samyaros aRqma, er-
Tiani da globaluria. aqac, am mwuxarebaSi, poeti da angelozi erTad arian.
davubrundeT isev leqss `saRamo~, sadac meoTxe strofSi aTonis mTis iveriis
monastridan daviT narinis pirovnebaze gadmovinacvlebT. mogexsenebaT, daviT
narini im morwmune mefeTa ricxvSia, vinc mravali qartexilis Semdeg berad
aRikveca. amasTanave, sagulisxmoa, rom daviT VI narinma saTave daudo
bagrationTa dinastiis imereTis Stos da imereTSi sami aTeuli weli imefa.
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leqsis mixedviT, daviT narinis mZlavri jvari marmariloTa fiqals
gadaefareba. bunebrivia, Cndeba taZris, sakuTriv gelaTis monastris asociacia,
sadac daviT narinis ori mniSvnelovani freskaa ganTavsebuli _ erTi, rogorc
saero pirisa, xolo meore _ berisa. amasTanave, marmariloTa fiqali xom
saflavis qvazec migvaniSnebs, da sakuTriv saflavze daviT aRmaSeneblisa gelaTis
monasterSi. saflavTa kurTxevac da sikvdilze gamarjvebac daviT narinis jvris
ZaliT xorcieldeba. imave 1915 wels Seqmnil sxva leqsSi _ `Serigeba~
galaktioni sulis ukvdavebas ase gamoxatavs:
amaRldi, sulo, TeTr akldamaze
mSvenierebis leqsiT mqebeli:
dRes yvelgan mzea da silamaze
sikvdilTan Cemi Semrigebeli!
leqsSi `saRamo~ poeziiT sikvdilze amaRleba daskvniT strofSic gacxaddeba
da am sakiTxs qvemoT kidev SevexebiT.
sagulisxmoa, rom meoTxe strofis pirvelive pwkari _ `zariT atexil
grigals~, exmianeba leqsis pirvelive strofis striqonebs: `grigali daayruebs /
macxovrisadmi SiSiT~, rac RvTismoSiSobis Temas ganamtkicebs. sayuradReboa,
rom es Tema bunebis suraTiT iwyeba da samefo simbolikis gavliT Tavad daviT
narinis, rogorc Zlieri mefis, saxeze gadadis. gvmarTebs, imasac mivaqcioT
yuradReba, rom meoTxe strofis dakavSireba mexuTesTan, xolo Semdeg mexuTesi
_ meeqvsesTan, xorcieldeba kavSiriT `an~, rac niSnavs imas, rom RvTismoSiSobis
Tema grZeldeba.
mexuTe strofSi poeti isev saswaulis Zalas mouxmobs, rodesac gaocebasa da
Zelze gvesaubreba: `an gaocebas, rasac marad anaTebs Zeli.~ gaocebaSi, pirvel
yovlisa, platoniseuli gakvirveba, igive `Tavmazia~ SegviZlia amovikiTxoT,
romelic berZeni filosofosis swavlebis mixedviT sawyisia sibrZnisa. magram
gaoceba xom Tavad aris qristianuli saswaulis Tanmdevi, Tumc, arawamyvani,
radgan qristianobisTvis upirvelesi Tema RvTismoSiSobaa. amitomac ZelSi sveti
cxoveli da sveti naTeli igulisxmeba da is marad anaTebs gaocebas.
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mogexsenebaT, SoTa rusTavelis `SiSi Seiqms siyvarulsa~, rogorc SiSi RvTisa,
misi ukvdavi poemis erT-erT wamyvan filosofiur mrwamss warmoadgens.
galaktionis Tanamedrove didma qarTvelma filosofosma, Salva nucubiZem
platoniseul `Tavmazias~ swored rusTavelis `SiSi Seiqms siyvarulsa~
daupirispira, Tumc, isic sagulisxmoa, rom 1915 weli, galaktionis leqsis Seqmnis
TariRi, win uswrebs Salva nucubiZis filosofiur moRvaweobas.
`an gaocebas, rasac marad anaTebs Zeli,~ _ ambobs galaktioni. gaocebas,
rogorc saswaulis xilvis Sedegad miRebul gancdasa da STabeWdilebas, poeti
marad ZelTan, anu sveti cxovelTan akavSirebs, radgan saswaulis aRqma
qristianisaTvis rwmenasTan da RvTismoSiSobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. rodesac
zena saswauls gvigzavnis, amiT kidev erTxel gvauwyebs RvTis yovlismomcvel
Zalas. morwmune adamiani ganicdis saswauls, magram saswauli sizmariviT qreba
misi TvalTaxedvidan. amitomac ityvis galaktioni _ `isev daadebs razas
SemoRamebis celi~, rac, farTo gagebiT, sinaTlisa da sibnelis maradiuli
monacvleobiT aris ganpirobebuli.
meeqvse strofSi saubaria im idumal gaocebasa da aRtacebaze, romelic
galaktionma Tavad ganicada, da im uxilav samyarosa da xedvaze, romelic man
ganWvrita da aRmoaCina. winamdebare wignis SesavalSi Cven swored am gancdaze
visaubreT da nimuSad Semdegi striqonebi davasaxeleT:
Rrubelo Savo, mzeo sapyaro!
me aRtacebis zRvaSi Seveli,
aRmovaCine mTeli samyaro,
qveynisTvis jerac miukvleveli.
winamdebare striqonebiT Tu leqsiT `saRamo~ galaktioni gvicxadebs, raoden
idumali, magram sicocxlesaviT mgznebare da mTrTolvare iyo am samyaros Zieba
da molodini. amdenad, galaktionTan sityva, miT umetes Tu is simboluri
mniSvnelobisaa, axali enis, rogorc samyaros gansxvavebuli modelis, Seqmnis
winapiroba xdeba.
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momdevno, meSvide strofSi isev Semodis elva, romelic aq ukve lurji dis
saxiTaa warmoCenili _ `jvarze gakruli elva _ / es Cemi daa lurji~. amitom am
konkretul leqsSi elva aris ara mxolod is ganaTeba da ganaTleba, romelic
qristem moutana kacobriobas, aramed _ qristes jvarcma, romelic poetisaTvis
imavdroulad mariam RvTismSoblis sulier jvarcmas niSnavs, miT umetes, rom is
aq lurj fers mouxmobs. lurji dis feri _ cis feria da tradiciulad am feriT
fermwerebi gamosaxaven rogorc RvTismSobels, aseve yrma qristes. xolo
qristianuli eklesia lurj ferSi Semosavs xolme Tavad RvTismSobels masTan
dakavSirebul sadResaswaulo dReebSi. aq maxsendeba amerikeli mwerali qalis,
Sirli jeqsonis (1916-1965) moTxrobebis gamocema, sadac ydaze jvarcmaa
gamosaxuli, magram jvarze qalia gakruli. galaktionis am leqsSi dinamiuri
erTobaa gadmocemuli RvTismSobelsa da qristes Soris. jvarze gakruli qriste
amavdroulad jvarcmaa RvTismSoblisa, romelic leqsis dasawyisSive (ix. meore
strofi) elvam, anu qristes jvarcmam daRuna. jvarze gakrul elvas poeti lurj
das uwodebs _ `es Cemi daa lurji~, rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs Tavad poetis
swrafvas RvTismSoblisadmi.
aq ar SeiZleba gverdi avuaroT strofis pirveli nawilis dakavSirebas
meoresTan, rodesac poeti axalgazrdobisdroindeli lurji yvavilebis Telvaze
gvesaubreba, rac RvTiT momadlebuli SemoqmedebiTi niWierebisadmi udier
damokidebulebas gulisxmobs da maRali esTetizmiT aRbeWdil lirizms qmnis
teqstSi.
isev mivubrundeT meore strofs, sadac alva dedofladaa warmodgenili: _ `da
dedofali alva / elvam daRuna civma~, da sadac xdeba RvTismSoblisa da misi Zis
_ qriste RmerTis gaerTianeba erT metaforaSi, galaktioni alvas swored
dedoflis saxiT warmogvidgens, e. i. deda ufali, rac aseve dedas uflisas
uaxlovdeba. qvemoT Cven ganvixilavT leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~,
sadac leqsis erT-erT variantSi galaktioni mariam RvTismSobels moixseniebs,
rogorc `dedao RvTisav, dedofalo, mzeo mariam~.
leqsis daskvniTi strofi isev jvarTanaa dakavSirebuli. wina strofSi
warmodegnil jvarcmas enacvleba `jvarTan misuli suro~, rogorc sicocxlis
maradmwvane simbolo, rogorc sikvdilze leqsiT gamarjveba, Tumc, es suro,
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rogorc qnaris martooba _ simboloa poetis martoobisa. am ori pwkaris Semdeg
leqss isev RvTismSoblis sadideblad naTqvami STambeWdavi fraza daasrulebs:
`TvalTa angelosT Suro, / Sen RvTismSobelo karis~. amitomacaa, albaT, galak-
tionis RvTismSobeli aqac da Tavis sxva leqsSic cisieric da miwieric, magram ase
axlobeli.
ai, aseTia axalgazrda galaktionis religiur-filosofiuri kredo, aseTia am
WeSmaritad morwmune qristianis urTierToba im poetur samyarosTan, romelic
man didi sulieri da inteleqtualuri Zalebis gaerTianebiT ganWvrita da
aRmoaCina, aRmoaCina saqarTvelosTvis da aRmoaCina mTeli qveynierebisTvis.
WeSmaritad saCino da Rirebulia is, rom es veeba samyaro iseT virtuozul
sityvier saganZurSi gansxeulda, romelsac saxelad galaktionis leqsi hqvia.
1917 wels galaktioni qmnis leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~. `dedao
RvTisav, mzeo mariam!~ – mimarTavs poeti am leqsSi RvTismSobels da mariami,
igive meri, mzea misTvis. meri mzea puSkinisTvisac – “Áóäü æå ñ÷àñòëèâà Ìåðè,
ñîëíöå æèçíè ìîåé”. ganSorebis Semdeg baironic xom yovelTvis bednierebas
usurvebda meris! baironis meri axla ukve puSkinis gziTac Semodis galaktionSi,
iseve rogorc baironis demoni lermontoviT ufro SemoaRwevs masSi.
sayuradReboa, rom Tavad a. puSkini aRniSnul leqss qmnis, rogorc Sexmianebas
inglisel poet b. kornvolTan (Barry Cornwall – 1787-1874), da misi leqsis erT-
erTi striqoni “Here’s health to thee, Mary”, rac inglisurad niSnavs `vsvam Sens sadRe-
grZelos, meri~, puSkins gadmoaqvs sakuTari leqsis saTaurSi. Sdr: galaktionis
`Seni sadRegrZelo~ da puSkinis “Ïüþ çà çäðàâèå Ìåðè”. amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia
am leqsis kavSiri galaktionis leqsTan _ `mzeo TibaTvisa~:
...mzeo TibaTvisa, mzeo TibaTvisa,
locvad muxlmoyrili graals Sevedrebi.
igi, vinc miyvarda didi siyvaruliT,
frTebiT daifare – amas gevedrebi.
tanjva-gansacdelSi Tvalni miuriden,
suli moavline isev Senmieri,
dila gauTene isev ciuridan,
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suli umankoTa miec Svenieri.
xanma undobarma, gza rom SeeReba,
uxvad moitana sisxli da cxedrebi,
mZafri qartexili mas nu Seexeba,
mzeo TibaTvisa, amas gevedrebi.
1917
Áóäü æå ñ÷àñòëèâà, Ìåðè,
Ñîëíöå æèçíè ìîåé
Íè òîñêè, íè ïîòåðè,
Íè íåíàñòëèâûõ äíåé
Ïóñòü íå âåäàåò Ìåðè.
magram galaktionTan mzis fenomeni gacilebiT ufro mravalmniSvneliani,
mxatvrulad datvirTuli da saintereso aRmoCndeba:
mze, rogorc manaTobeli sxeuli, romelic Caqreba, Tu adamianebi ver gaaTbo-
ben mas samyaros siyvaruliT; mze, rogorc mariam RvTismSobeli da rogorc
wminda Zala adamianTa amaRlebuli sulierebisa; mze, rogorc meri, misi maradi-
uli trfobis sagani; da, metadre, mze, rogorc qali, rac sruliad bunebrivi mov-
lenaa qarTuli, da ara marto qarTuli azrovnebisaTvis. am ukanasknelis maga-
liTad davasaxelebdiT galaktionis leqss `werili~ da konkretulad mis sawyis
striqonebs:
marqviT, sadaa nevis asuli, is tatiana mzis dasadari?
sadaa norCi puSkinis suli, anu delvigi, marqviT, sad ari?
da Semdeg:
sadaa meri dasTa dasuli, hangTa mSvenierT Senakadari:
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es leqsi sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom aq aris ara marto Sexmianeba
puSkinTan2, aramed agreTve merisTan, rogorc literaturul saxesTan, romelic
galaktionisaTvis mzisa da mTvaris Sesadaria. amas mowmobs is, rom leqsis stri-
qons _ `sadaa meri dasTa dasuli, hangTa mSvenierT Senakadari~ avtografSi
leqsis ufro gviandeli varianti Seesabameba, romelic aqve mogvyvavs:
netav exla sadaa!
da romelsa mxaresa,
netav sadaa nazi asuli
meri – mTvaris da mzis dasadari?
leqsi `werili~ sainteresoa sxva aspeqtiTac. aRmoCndeba, rom igi aris nayofi
im Targmanisa, romelic galaktions Seusrulebia fransua viionis leqsidan _
`balada Zvel qalbatonebze~3.
zemoT, rodesac ganvixileT baironis wyvdiadis gavlena galaktionze, Cven da-
vasaxeleT pirveli strofi leqsidan _ `mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi~. kidev er-
Txel SevavloT Tvali leqss, raTa davrwmundeT, rom aq baironiseuli wyvdia-
dis gverdiT mzis gasulierebis Tema kidev ufro mZlavradaa win wamoweuli.
mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi
mzeo TibaTvis, yofna umzeo!
mze miicvala Ria TvalebiT!
is miicvala raRac umweo
da saocari gardacvalebiT!
mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,
oh! gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!
is ucxo mxares gardaicvala
2 sagulisxmod gvesaxeba galaktionis striqoni `Sen xelTuqmneli Zegli aige~, rogorc aluzia puSkinis
striqonisa “Я памятник себе воздвиг нерукотворный”. 3 v. javaxaZe, ucnobi, Tb., 1991, gv. 516.
12
da gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!
da es Tvalebi saRamoTa xmas
usmendnen tanjviT da mokrZalebiT:
mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,
oh, gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!
ra xdeba iqiT! saidan ismis
mgloviareTa qnarTa: `mSvidobiT~?
uecrad swyveten simebi sicils
uamindobiT... uamindobiT!
saidan ismis Cumi galoba
da uRonoba sunTqvis Semwydaris,
wamebis wynari warmavaloba
da mogoneba Zvirfasi mkvdaris?
midis zafxuli... baRSi, mdeloSi
sisinebs sio, Srialebs neSo,
me isev aq var... saqarTveloSi!
risTvis, Zvirfaso! risTvis, nugeSo?
da es Tvalebi serafimTa xmas
usmendnen tanjviT da mokrZalebiT,
mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,
oh! gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!
mival, mimyveba me Seni cqera
da xaverdebze ecema Crdili,
yvelgan uCinrad tiris cerera,
Tvalebi civi da gaxelili.
13
Rirda Tu ara sxva sicocxleze
ocneba Cumi da fermixdili?
me gza ar vici uaxloesi:
erTaderTi gza aris sikvdili.
mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,
oh, gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!
is ucxo mxares gardaicvala
da gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!
1918
qalis mSveniereba da macocxlebeli Zala galaktions `mziur vedrebad~
esaxeba leqsSi _ `inFesa~:
inFesa
inFesa ise Suqs aravis hfens,
viT axal kubelss da Zvel kamoenss,
maT araerTxel aRmoxdaT kvnesa,
inFesa, inFesa.
exla martoden mkrTali Crdilia,
igi vedreba da kastilia;
odes im mziur vedrebad Canda
karad infanta.
droni icvalnen, guli ki dResac
im simRerasTan gadazrdilia,
inFesa, inFesa4. 1917
4 galaktionis Tormettomeulis mixedviT, leqsis komentarSi vkiTxulobT:
14
Catarebuli kvleva uflebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom meris poeturi saxe ga-
laktionSi sakuTriv baironisa da evropuli meris gavleniT warmoiqmna, magram
galaktionis Tezaurussa da sulier samyaroSi is aucileblad unikalur Sina-
arss iZens.
galaktionis cnobierebaSi Semosuli evropuli literaturuli saxe merisa,
vfiqrobT, masSi aRZravda im mSvenieri qalis xatebas, romelsac saxelad meri
ServaSiZe erqva, rogori wamieric unda yofiliyo misi naxviT, an Tundac danax-
viT miRebuli STabeWdileba:
Sen zRvis pirad
zRvas saRamo edeboda muqi.
Sen zRvis pirad sCandi, rogorc Suqi.
me pirveli maxsovs Seni naxva,
gaoceba! mSvenieri zraxva.
rogorc Sori xomaldebis cqera,
viT pirveli grZnobiT gulis Zgera.
`leqss boloSi emateba:
inFesa irgvliv legendebsa fens,
ara erTs aRrCobs sibrazis kvnesa, igi uyvardaT kubelss, kamoenss…
inFesa _ ismis yvelgan _ inFesa.
inFesa kastro _ Sua saukuneebis portugaliis samefo saxlis cnobili qalbatonTagani, romelic 10 wlis
ganmavlobaSi imyofeboda saidumlo qorwinebaSi taxtis memkvidresTan. inFesas mowinaaRmdegeebma, SeSine-
bulebma inFesas gavlenis gaZlierebiT taxtis memkvidreze, miaRwies mefe alfons IV-is Tanxmobas inFesas
mokvlis Sesaxeb, ris Semdeg mefis mrCevlebma inFesa mohkles missave sawol oTaxSi. kubelsi _ portugalieli poeti. kamoensi luisi (1524 _ 1580) _ didi portugalieli poeti. kastilia _ qalaqi da olqi espaneTSi. infanta _ princesebis tituli espaneTsa da portugaliaSi monarqiuli mmarTvelobis dros.
15
irxeoda gamWvirvale ruli
da mtkioda… da mtkioda guli.
im xomaldebs samudamod gahyva
gaoceba, mSvenieri zraxva.
1916
amas udavod erTvis qalis siyvarulisa da mSvenierebis Tema, romelic ganvi-
Tarebis mwvervals aRwevs, rodesac poeti mas RvTismSobelTan daakavSirebs. me-
ri ukve mariam RvTismSobelia _ `rogorc qalwulis saxeli meri...~
aqve gvsurs yuradReba mivaqcioT Semdeg garemoebas: striqonebi _ `aq
mravalia cisferi feri! / es feri marad Tvals eyvareba, / rogorc qalwulis
saxeli _ meri / aris cisferi da mwuxareba~, _ aris erT-erTi strofi leqsisa
`gzaSi~, romelic poetma 1916 wliT daaTariRa, e. i. Zalian male mas Semdeg, rac
Seqmna da 1915 wels gamoaqveyna pirveli varianti leqsisa `meri~. gansakuTrebiT
niSandoblivia is, rom orive leqsSi, e. i. iq, sadac, TiTqos, mxolod qals mimar-
Tavs, da iqac, sadac meri RvTismSobelTanaa gaigivebuli, poeti erTsa da imave
riTmul wyvils gvTavazobs, sakuTriv _ `meri _ feri~:
Sen jvars iwerdi im Rames meri!
................................................................................. ………………………………………………………
sandomian cis elva da feri
(`meri~)
aq mravalia cisferi feri!
...............................................................................………………………………………………
rogorc qalwulis saxeli meri
(`gzaSi~)
16
galaktionisaTvis mze RvTismSobelia _ `dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam~. magram,
agreTve, mze misTvis aris meri da mze aris mSvenieri qalic – `netav sadaa nazi
asuli / meri – mTvaris da mzis dasadari~. amave dros mzea galaktionisaTvis qa-
li, rogorc literaturuli saxe – `marqviT, sadaa nevis asuli, is tatiana mzis
dasadari?~
RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTviT iwyeba leqsi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~:
dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!
rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,
Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria
da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.
SemoiRamebs mTis napralebi,
da Tu rogorme isev gaTenda –
RamenaTevi da namTvralevi,
daRlil qaliviT mival xatebTan!
RamenaTevi da namTvralevi
me miveyrdnobi salocav karebs,
SemoiWreba sionSi sxivi
da TeTr olarebs aaelvarebs.
da maSin vityvi: aha! movedi
gedi daWrili ocnebis baRiT!
Sexede! dastkbi ymawvilur bedis
daRlil xelebiT, wamebul saxiT!
Sexede! dastkbi! Cemi Tvalebi,
winaT rom feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT, –
RamenaTevi da namTvralevi
savsea cremlTa SurisZiebiT!
17
dastkbi! asea yvela mgosnebi?
Sens molodinSi asea yvela?
suli, vedrebiT ganaocebi,
Sens ferxT qveS kvdeba, rogorc pepela.
sad aris CemTvis samagiero?
sabedniero sad aris suli?
viT samoTxidan aligieri,
me jojoxeTiT var dafaruli!
da roca bediT dawyevlil gzaze
sikvdilis landi momeCveneba,
gansasvenebel ziarebaze
CemTan ar mova Seni xseneba!
davikref xelebs da grigaliviT
gamaqaneben swrafi cxenebi!
RamenaTevi da namTvralevi
Cems samareSi Cavesvenebi.
dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!
rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,
Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria
da Soreuli cis silaJvarde!
1917
es leqsi mowmobs imas, rom RvTismSobelTan galaktionis poeturi
damokidebuleba aRsaniSnavia ara mxolod meris simboluri saxiT, aramed
vardis simbolikiT. amgvarad, es leqsi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa vardis
18
simboluri datvirTvis gamo, miT umetes, rom vardi saTaurSivea gaidumalebuli
`anu~ kavSiris gziT: `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~.
CavukvirdeT sityvebs _ `laJvardi~ da `silaJvarde~. maTze muSaobis dros,
riTmuli varjiSis procesSi, mraval sityvas Soris galaktioni, eWvgareSea, ga-
moyofda `vards~, rogorc `laJvardTan~ da `silaJvardesTan~ gasariTms, daax-
loebiT ase:
laJvardi – vardi
silaJvarde – vardi
unda vivaraudoT, rom galaktioni daSlida am or sityvas marcvlebad. am
dros is ueWvelad gamoyofda Tavad gasariTmad SerCeul sityvas, rogorc am
sityvebSi Semaval fuZes da maT ase daalagebda:
laJ – vardi
silaJ – varde
modiT, vcadoT da, gnebavT – xmamaRla, gnebavT – CurCuliT, mravalgzis war-
movTqvaT sityva `silaJvarde~ daaxloebiT ise, rogorc es sityvaze miyurade-
bul kacs, poets, sCvevia.
Tanaxmad fonetikuri procesebisa, mJReri `J~ bgera aucileblad dayruvdeba
da `S~ bgeras daemsgavseba, xolo or Tanxmovans Soris warmoqmnili pauza Seq-
mnis xmovnis asociacias.
magaliTad, aviRoT sityva `vaJkaci~. gabmul metyvelebaSi mJReri `J~ bgera au-
cileblad yruvdeba da Cagvesmis `S~, anu `vaSkaci~.
analogiuri fonetikuri procesi SeiniSneba `silaJvardis~ SemTxvevaSic. mJRe-
ri `J~ gadadis yru `S~- Si da viRebT `silaSvarde~-s, rac uaxlovdeba `silaSi
varde~-s.
`J~ da `S~ bgerebis siaxloveze isic metyvelebs, rom `J~ bgeras `S~ bgerisagan
warmoqmnilad miiCneven.
giorgi axvledianis Tanaxmad, `uZveles qarTuls ar unda hqonoda fonema `J~.
albaT, `S~-s gamJRerebam misca dasabami `J~-s arsebobas qarTulSi – jer kombina-
toruli bgeraTcvlilebis Sedegisa, xolo Semdeg fonemis saxiT~.5
5 g. axvlediani, zogadi fonetikis safuZvlebi, Tb., 1949, gv. 189.
19
am ori fonemis siaxloves galaktioni sxva SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebuli
sityvebis gariTmviTac gamoxatavs:
ar momwyindeba sadRegrZelod avwio Tasi
Tqveni, romelTa gataceba mxolod Jinia,
me arc warsulis, arc momavlis ar meSinia.
axla ukve sruliad naTelia, Tu rogor emsgavseba metyvelebaSi `silaJvarde~
`silaSvardes~ da rogor SeiZleba poetma es ukanaskneli moisminos, rogorc
`silaSivardi~, rac TavisTavad uaxlovdeba Semdegs: `silaSi vardi~.
amdenad, galaktions SeeZlo daewera:
`silaJvarde anu silaSi vardi~.
es miscemda mas saSualebas, Teza asec daewera:
`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~.
ratom?
– raTa ukeT gaeidumalebina mignebaca da Canafiqric.
gaeidumalebina-meTqi, ki ar daemala an gaeqro.
amitomac dawers `anu~, radgan erTs meores utolebs da praqtikulad qmnis
`silaJvardis~ axal poetur omonims:
silaJvarde – silaSi vardi.
vfiqrobT, swored ase daibada leqsi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~.
leqsis pirvelive strofSi galaktioni tolobas riTmaTa paralelebSi
moaqcevs:
rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.
qvemoT Cven gveqneba saSualeba davrwmundeT, rom es ori omonimi, e. i.
`silaJvarde~ da `silaSi vardi~ konceptualurad sinonimur urTierTobaSi
aRmoCndeba erTimeoresTan.
20
is, rac axla aq warmovadgineT, aris mxolod sawyisi simboloebiT saTqmelis
gadmocemisa, ufro zustad, saTave mravalaspeqtiani poeturi Sinaarsis simbolo-
ebSi gamosaxvisa.
rodesac akaki xinTibiZem, galaktionis mkvlevarma, moismina am leqsis analizis
Cemeuli versia, mimaniSna galaktionis arqivSi arsebul leqsze _ `silaSi vardi~,
romelic pirvelad gamoqveynda poetis gardacvalebis Semdeg Tormettomeulis
meSvide tomSi.
friad sainteresoa, rom poetis SemoqmedebaSi damoukideblad arsebobs leqsi
`silaSi vardi~, rac kidev erTxel ganamtkicebs poeturi omonimebis `silaJvarde
_ silaSi vardis~ arsebobis faqts. magram aranakleb sainteresoa Tavad
konceptualuri siaxlove am patara leqsisa leqsTan `silaJvarde anu vardi
silaSi~, razec qvemoT gveqneba saubari.
pirvelwyaro xatisa `silaSi vardi~, Tamar barbaqaZis6 Tanaxmad, SesaZloa
gamxdariyo meoce saukunis aTian wlebSi quTaisSi metad gavrcelebuli simRera
_ `erTxel vixile baRSi yvavili~:
erTxel vixile baRSi yvavili,
mxmari, usuno, gavsili siliT.
SengniT umiznoT is mowyvetili
da dagdebuli iqve siciliT.…
am simReris leqsi ekuTvnis kowia erisTavs, xolo misi saConguro motivi
Seuqmnia varinka wereTels, `sulikos~ musikis avtors.
rogorc T. barbaqaZe aRniSnavs, galaktions k. erisTavis leqsis Tema ver
gaaocebda, magram mSvenieri Sida riTma `gavsili siliT~, unda vifiqroT, Tavisi
musikalobiTa da evfoniiT moxiblavda axalgazrda poets.
interpretaciis TvalsazrisiT leqsi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ erT-er-
Ti urTulesia galaktionis poetikaSi da es umTavresad Sesityvebis gamo – `si-
laSi vardi~.
6 Tamar barbaqaZe, `silaSi vardi~ da `yvavili… gavsili siliT~, Jurn. `kriteriumi~, #1,
`literaturuli Ziebanis~ perioduli damateba, Tb., 2000, gv. 79-82.
21
vfiqrobT, gamocanas warmoadgens ara mxolod `silaSi vardi~, rogorc mxat-
vruli saxe, aramed, saxeldobr, is, Tu ras niSnavs aq `vardi~ da ra igulisxmeba
`silaSi~.
ganvixiloT sityva `v ardi ~ .
ra aris vardi?
– umSvenieresi yvavili?
– diax, aris!
– kidev?
– kidev simbolo siyvarulis, mSvenierebis da a.S.
– kidev?
– vardebis ena, rogorc cnobilia, ferebis mixedviT gulisxmobs Sinaarss, ma-
galiTad, wiTeli vardi trfobis mauwyebelia, yviTeli – mxiarulebis, an, piri-
qiT, eWvianobis, TeTri da wiTeli erTad – erTobis da a.S.
_ kidev?
– kidev bevria vardze saTqmeli, magram, modiT, amjerad davazustoT, Tu ras
niSnavs `vardi~ galaktionisaTvis.
daviwyoT imiT, rom vardi yvelasaTvis mSvenieri yvavilia.
ras niSnavs yvavili galaktionisaTvis?
galaktionis geniis fenomeni gamobrwyinda maSin, rodesac mkiTxvelma ixila
misi leqsebis krebuli `artistuli yvavilebi Tavis qalaSi~.
ras gulisxmobs galaktioni `artistul yvavilebSi~ da ratom aTavsebs maT
`Tavis qalaSi~?
nurc is dagvaviwydeba, rom am droisaTvis bodlers ukve Seqmnili aqvs `bo-
rotebis yvavilebi~.
isic gvaxsovs, Tu ras ityvis leqsis warmoSobaze ana axmatova:
“Когда б вы знали, из какого сора растут стихи, не ведая стыда, как желтый одуванчик у забора, как
лопухи и лебеда”.
ase rom cxovrebiseuli boroteba da WuWyi, sibinZure Tu nagavi poets ar ek-
vris, ar ekareba, radgan aseT garemocvaSi artistuli niWis wyalobiT is qmnis
22
leqss, romelic iseTive srulqmnili da amaRlebulia, rogorc miwidan amosuli
yvavili.
amitom xom ar wveboda RamiT mTawmindaze sanagve yuTSi terenti graneli,
rom yvelasaTvis eTqva _ WuWyi aqac ar momekarebao? dRisiT ki etlSi Cajdebo-
da da poetis imijs ase ganimtkicebda.
leqsi xom, marTlac, yvaviliviT ibadeba. leqsis msgavsad, yvavilis mSveniere-
basa da srulqmnilebasac xom ver axsni bolomde da ver gaacnobiereb. baironis
fenomeniT gaocebul goeTes uTqvams, is ise badebs leqsebs, qalebi rom badeben
mSvenier bavSvebs daufiqreblado. xolo Tavad baironma Sedevrebi maSin da mas
Semdeg Seqmna, roca yvelaze meti sibilwe da WuWyi esroles. binZur skandals po-
etma mxolod leqsebiT upasuxa, umSvenieresi da ufaqizesi leqsebiT.
leqsebi poetTa gonidan iseve ibadeba, viTarca miwidan yvavilebi. galaktion-
ma maT artistuli qmnilebebi, artistuli yvavilebi uwoda da isini Tavis qalaSi
moaTavsa.
isev simbolo!
amjerad ukve `Tavis qalisa~. isev Sexmianeba filosofiasTan, SeqspirTan, sa-
kuTriv hamletTan da aucileblad baironTan.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, axalgazrda baironma sakuTar mamulSi, niustedis saa-
batoSi, mravali saukunis win dakrZaluli beris Tavis qala miwidan amoiRo da
fialad, sasmisad aqcia.
isev simbolo, Tundac graalis, Tundac baxusis.
davubrundeT vards.
galaktionisaTvis vardi, rogorc yvavili, aucileblad mSvenieri leqsis sim-
boloa, leqsisa, romelic poetis artistuli gonebidan amoizrdeba da surnels
afrqvevs, mSvenierebas asxivosnebs. amitomac, vimeorebT, poeti maT artistul
yvavilebs uwodebs da Tavis qalaSi warmogvidgens.
rogor gavigoT `yvavilebi Tavis qalaSi~? rogorc Tavis qalaSi Cawyobili,
msgavsad iq Casxmuli sasmelisa, Tu Tavis qalidan, viTarca miwidan, amozrdili?
erTica da meorec, radgan poeturi teqsti, miT umetes geniosisa, Rrma da mra-
valmniSvnelovania. misi waxnagebi, almasis waxnagebisa ar iyos, uxvad afrqveven
Suqs, sxivsa da elvarebas.
23
magram leqsi ar gaxlavT erTaderTi mSvenieri nayofi adamianis gonisa. maS,
vis, Tu ara galaktions, moexseneba es yovelive Cinebulad. amis dasturad isev
misi leqsi _ `vardebi~ gamogvadgeba:
me, zamTrisagan jaWvawyvetili,
nacnob baRisken mivemarTebi,
sad ferad ucxo, ynosvad keTili,
zamTar da zafxul hyvavis vardebi.
de, homirosis da hesiodes
feTqdnen vardebi maRla axrili,
maT ver damarxavs sastiki lodi,
samudamod var borkilayrili.
dae, maisis xatavdes xeli
floras, graciebs, muzebs da eross.
romeli iyo poeti wrfeli,
rom siyvarulze ar daemReros?
vardebi igi eladis gemma
dafanta, rogorc Zvirfasi Crdili,
rogorc saxeba da diadema
silamazisa da sinamdvilis.
romeli lxini iyo uvardo,
da an – romeli dRe sacnauri,
an anakreons vin ganumartos,
raa uvardod dResaswauli?
saxeTa feri da netareba,
bage, TiTebi Tu yofna mzardi,
24
poets yovelTvis aqvs Sedareba:
maisis vardi, sicocxlis vardi.
marad izrdeba vardTan WinWari,
rogorc odesme uTqvams ovidis.
dae, movardes setyvaTa Rvari,
da cecxli Cemze gardamovides.
netavi CemTvis wuTebs ar eklos,
aivnidan rom mesvrian vardebs,
vardebs eklians, vardebs ueklos...
oh, am dReebis simRera mmarTebs!
o, siwmindeo da sifaqize!
Sen ver moaswar, ise dawynardi,
roca mziani iyavi ise,
rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi.
da ornamentiT akrTobda demons
im mSvenieri wignebis Zala,
wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo
vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala.
botiCels vardTa swvavda dRe igi,
rafaels igi faravda lxinSi,
sadac jioto da van-deiki
da leonardo iyo da-vinCi.
ixibleboda suli diadiT,
ros simaRleebs swvdeboda arsi.
rusTavels marad Svenoda vardi –
25
iseTi hqonda vards Sinaarsi.
vigoneb TaRebs, vigoneb svetebs
da yvavilebiT moqargul fardebs,
maiss, kolxidas, Zvirfas poetebs
da kaTedrasTan mimoyril vardebs.
leqsi `vardebi~ 1927 wliTaa daTariRebuli. xolo `silaJvarde anu vardi si-
laSi~ zustad aTi wliT adrea Seqmnili da misi Tavdapirveli saTauria `dedao
RvTisav!~ es cnoba Setanilia galaktionis Tormettomeulis Sesabamis komentar-
Si.
rac Seexeba komentars7 leqsisa _ `vardebi~, aq bevri ramaa saintereso. pir-
vel yovlisa, leqsis sxva redaqciis sruli teqsti.
amave komentarSi moyvanilia nawyveti d. kasraZis wignidan _ `literaturuli
portretebi~. gTavazobT teqsts srulad:
`d. kasraZe, narkvevSi `galaktioni~ (d. kasraZe, `literaturuli portretebi~,
Tbilisi, 1962 w., gv. 292_304) aRwers ra mis pirvel Sexvedras g. tabiZesTan, wers:
`galaktionma skami gamoswia, magidas miujda da vardebis TaigulSi Camala saxe,
erTxans ase darCa. ia (iakob cincaZe – i. l.), romelic metismetad ficxi da cota
utaqtoc iyo, SeiSmuSna.
galaktionma vefxvis siSmagiT daynosa vardebi, dahkocna da sayelo Seixsna:
– amaze lamazi raa qveynad! ramdenime wuTiT ganvicdi efemerul tkbobas. Cemo
daviT (kasraZe – i. l.), gamigonia, Zvel babilonsa da arabeTSi yofila sagangebo
yavaxanebi, sadac msurvelebi iReben opiums, koniaks da sxva narkotikul sasmels,
gabruebulni iviwyeben yofas da mahmadis mier aRTqmul samoTxeSi dafrinaven...
ai, es yvavilebia CemTvis yvelaferi. quTaisuri vardebia Cemi pirveli damaTro-
beli, Cemi umaRlesi siamovneba, netareba da poezia.
magidaze, sawer-kalamTan ido galaktionis axali leqsi `vardebi~. es leqsi
ufro enciklopediuri terminebiT iyo dawerili. wagvikiTxa. aq iyo motanili:
homerosi, hesiode, flora, erosi, botiCeli, rafaeli, jioti, van-deiki, leonar-
7 g. tabiZe, Txz. t. II, Tb., 1966, gv. 438-441.
26
do da vinCi. iam samarTlianad usayvedura galaktions – leqsi am pirovnebaTa
gareSec SesaniSnavi iqnebodao.
galaktioni darcxvenili usmenda Tavis yofil maswavlebels. bolos daiwyes
kamaTi... me SevniSne, rom galaktionma cudad waikiTxa leqsi, uefeqtod, paTosis
gareSe, arasworad~. es saubari Semdgara q. quTaisSi 1927 wels, riTac dasturde-
ba, rom `vardebi~ dawerilia 1927 wels~.
rogorc vxedavT, galaktionisagan gansxvavebiT, daviT kasraZe da iakob cinca-
Ze vardebSi ver xedaven sxva Sinaarss, garda yvavilisa. amitomac usayvedures
ase Tamamad galaktions da isic Turme `samarTlianad~, rom leqsi `enciklope-
diuri terminebiT iyo dawerili~ da `am pirovnebaTa gareSec SesaniSnavi iqnebo-
da~.
arc kasraZes, arc cincaZes da arc sxva romelime mkiTxvels, rogori darwmu-
nebulic ar unda iyos is galaktionis genialobaSi, arc evaleba da arc moeTxo-
veba poetis azrovnebis simaRleze yofna da simboloebSi kodirebuli Sinaarsis
gaxsna. magram, amave dros, eWvgareSea isic, rom rodesac poeti simboloebSi
aTavsebs Sinaarss, amiT is araerTgzis zrdis mis moculobasa da esTetikur teva-
dobas, rac, Tavis mxriv, nawarmoebis mxatvrul RirebulebaSi aisaxeba. poeti ga-
nicdis siamovnebas am procesisgan da surs, rom aranaklebi esTetikuri siamov-
neba Tavad mkiTxvelsac mianiWos.
mivyveT galaktions.
galaktioni vardebs mravali mniSvnelobiT xmarobs. aqedan davasaxelebT,
sul mcire, sams: pirveli, gaxlavT vardi, rogorc umSvenieresi yvavili. meore,
aris vardi, rogorc mSvenierebis simbolo. dabolos, vardi, rogorc artistuli
Semoqmedebis umSvenieresi nayofi. ai, swored es ukanaskneli mniSvneloba domi-
nirebs danarCen orze leqsSi `vardebi~, rac, rasakvirvelia, ar gamoricxavs
pirveli oris realizacias. magram `vardis~ swored mesame mniSvnelobiT reali-
zacia qmnis srul Sesabamisobas misi iseT saxelebTan dakavSirebisa, rogorebi-
caa, magaliTad, homerosi, hesiode, anakreoni, ovidiusi, botiCeli, rafaeli, ji-
oto, van deiki, leonardo da vinCi Tu rusTaveli. amdenad, SegviZlia davas-
kvnaT, rom swored es mniSvnelobaa aqcentirebuli sityva `vardSi~, rodesac ga-
laktioni sara bernaris SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT ambobs:
27
magram... iwyeba, aswies farda –
mis win karpiis aris cxedari;
qalis TvalebSi iSleba vardi,
grZnobaTa cecxli gaubedari.
idga muxlmoyriT da cremlebs Rvrida
sasowarkveTa da grZnoba Zveli,
iyo ocneba, xan margarita,
xan kleopatra – nilosis gveli.
ra ferebia! grZnobaT seirad
da ise, rogorc mwvane suraTebs,
xatavs dJordano da rigeira.
`qalis TvalebSi iSleba vardi~ – ra aris es, Tu ara artistuli Semoqmedebis
nayofi, anu is, rasac uniWieresi msaxiobi qali ganasaxierebda. botiCelisa da
anakreonis vardTagan gansxvavebiT, sara bernaris vardebi arc tiloze rCeboda
da arc poetur striqonebSi gacxaddeboda. didi Semoqmedebis nayofi WeSmaritad
misi saxidan, misi Tvalebidan gamosWvioda. amitomac adarebs, magram ar utolebs
mxatvarTa Semoqmedebas: `da ise, rogorc mwvane suraTebs, xatavs dJordano da
rigeira~.
vardis filosofiuri gaazreba poets STaagonebs, am sityvaSi moaqcios ara
marto mSvenierebisa Tu SemoqmedebiTi mwvervalis Sinaarsi, aramed
gaasulieros is da Tavad keTilSobil arsebasTan gaaigivos:
Sexede: vardni mSvidi TvalebiT
sZleben nadirni msubuq ZalebiT,
vardebi ufro keTilSobili
kvdebian swrafi gardacvalebiT.
vardis motivebi gaismis isev 1927 wliT daTariRebul leqsebSi: `maisis is-
riT~, `Sadrevnebis vedreba~, `qari qanaobs qnarad~ da a. S. cnobili leqsic, `gu-
28
lo, ra gemarTeba?~ imave 1927 wliTaa daTariRebuli da galaktionis poeziis ze-
moaRniSnul motivebs exmianeba:
Semodgomis yvavilebs
didebasTan mivitan,
erTi Sori ocneba
maxsovs Zvel motividan.
vardebi ar arian,
magram ra mevardeba?
sulo, ra gemarTeba?
gulo, ra mogivida?
simwifis asakSi myofi poeti cxovrebis am xanas Semodgomad miiCnevs. Semo-
qmedebiT didebas is Semodgomis yvavilebiT, anu simwifis asakSi Seqmnili
nawarmoebebiT egebeba. Tumc, aqve imasac naRvlobs, rom am yvavilebs Soris ar
arian vardebi, e. i. aRar arian Sedevrebi _ umSvenieresi poeturi nawarmoebebi,
romlebic man gacilebiT adre Seqmna. aseTad gvesaxeba leqsis momenturi ganwyo-
ba, sadac gamoricxuli araa warmosaxviTi gancda ufro gviani asakisac.
am leqsTan kavSirSi SeuZlebelia ar gagvaxsendes cnobili simRera
kinofilmidan `daTa TuTaSxia~. galaktionis teqstze musikis dawera Zalian
Znelia, radgan misi leqsi ukve Tavadaa musika. kompozitori biZina kvernaZe is
bednieri gamonaklisia, romelmac poeturi Sedevris mixedviT musikaluri
Sedevri Seqmna. sagulisxmoa isic, rom es nawarmoebi musikosma sakuTar meu-
Rles, qalbaton nestan mesxs miuZRvna. nani bregvaZiseulma Sesrulebam simReris
lirizmi da dramatizmi, udavod, kidev ufro gaaRrmava da gaaZliera.
1941 wels soxumSi Seqmnili patara leqsic _ `vardebiT gamarjveba~ vardebis
zemoaRniSnul mravalaspeqtian Sinaarss warmoaCens:
mters ki swyuroda ganavardebiT
Cveni Zvirfasi, Cveni naTeli
gadaeTvala yvela vardebi
da TviT Seiqmna gadaTelili.
29
uaRresad sainteresod gvesaxeba striqoni _ `omSi minaxavs cecxlis vardebi~,
sadac vardebi brZolis gmirul moqmedebas, Tavganwirvis mSvenierebasa da
didebulebas gamoxataven, iqneba es gadataniTi Tu warmosaxviTi SinaarsiT:
vyofilvar bevrjer sikvdilis pirad,
omSi minaxavs cecxlis vardebi,
im simaRleebs vigoneb xSirad:
ar maviwydeba is laJvardebi.
friad sayuradReboa is, rom leqsSi `vardebi~, sakuTriv mis meaTe strofSi,
Cndeba Tavis qala, romelic amjerad morTulia ara zogadad yvavilebiT, aramed
swored vardebiT, e. i. gonebis umSvenieresi nayofiT. magram nu avCqardebiT da
miRweuliT nu davkmayofildebiT, anu nu davjerdebiT mxolod imas, rom varde-
bi gonebis produqts aRniSnavs.
CavukvirdeT kidev ufro Rrmad imave meaTe strofs:
da ornamentiT akrTobda demons
im mSvenieri wignebis Zala,
wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo
vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala.
rogorc vrwmundebiT, demons akrTobda mSvenieri wignebis Zala, e. i. isev
mSvenieri produqti adamianis gonebisa da STagonebisa. oRond es yovelive ga-
laktions daumSvenebia simboloebiT, erTi mxriv, `ornamentiT~, meore mxriv,
vardiT _ `vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala~.
leqsis meore variantSi vardis mimarTeba demonTan gacilebiT gamartivebu-
lia. mecxramete striqonSi poeti pirdapir acxadebs: `demons aSinebs vardebis
Zala~. magram aqac moCans wigni, da isic ukvdavi, xolo Tavis qala aqac vardebi-
Taa morTuli (ixileT leqsis me-19 da me-20 striqonebi):
30
demons aSinebs vardebis Zala: erT ukvdav wignze mosCans fiala
da amis gverdiT artistiuli vardiT morTuli sdgas Tavis qala.
bunebrivia, ismis kiTxva: ratom aSinebs demons vardebis Zala?
pasuxi aseTia: Tu demonSi igulisxmeba mxolod artistuli STagoneba, maSin is
Tavad SeiZleba SekrTes misive nayofis mSvenierebis, siZlierisa da siwmindis
winaSe. magram Tu demonSi vigulisxmeT satanuri sawyisi, nuTu mas marTlac aSi-
nebs vardi, rogorc xelovnebis mSvenieri nawarmoebi?
Cveni rwmeniT, demons upirvelesad aSinebs vardi, rogorc mariam RvTismSob-
lis simbolo. RvTismSobeli gaxlavT vardis kidev is erT-erTi Sinaarsi, rom-
liTac galaktionTan datvirTulia es sityva. sayuradReboa, rom aleqsandr
blokis meri, romelic, baironis saTayvanebeli meris msgavsad, cisferTvalebaa
(Меня, задумчивую Мэри / Голубоокую меня), sxva SemTxvevaSi, is ukve
RvTismSobelia da vardTan erTadaa gamosaxuli:
И на амвоне женский голос
Поет о Мэри без конца.
О розах над ее иконой,
Где вечный сумрак и хвала,
О деве дальней, благосклонной,
В чьих взорах – свет, в чьих косах – мгла.
1949 wels galaktionis TxzulebaTa me-6 tomSi pirvelad daibeWda leqsi `var-
debis~ axali redaqcia saTauriT – `oqros Tasi ornamentebiT~.
leqsis aq warmodgenil 1949 wliT daTariRebul variantSi yuradRebas isev
vards mivapyrobT, romelic imave SinaarsiT warmoCindeba, rogorc wina Sem-
TxvevebSi. amis erT-erT dasturad gamogvadgeba striqoni _ `akademia, gelaTis
vardi~. magram am leqsSi vardis, rogorc Semoqmedebis mSvenieri nayofis, Sina-
arsis realizacia xerxdeba Semdegi gziT: vardi ornamentis sinonimad warmoCin-
deba da sul erTia, is oqros Tasze iqneba gamosaxuli, Tu – qvaze.
31
leqsSi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ poeti sakuTari cxovrebis gzas vards
Seadarebs, Tumca, aRmoCndeba, rom Tavad sikvdilic, rogorc cxovrebis
dasasruli, misTvis isev vardis dari da vardis feria:
sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda.
(`mTawmindis mTvare~)
sikvdili misTvis cxovrebis bolo akordia da poets surs, rom isic
xelovneba da Semoqmedeba iyos. iqneb swored amitomac xdeba galaktioni avtori
sakuTari sikvdilisa, amitomac daaswrebs bunebas da kidev erT Sedevrs Seqmnis.
galaktionis gardacvalebidan oriode wlis Semdeg ingliseli poeti qali
silvia plati, vidre sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT daamTavrebda, dawers:
`sikvdili iseTive xelovnebaa, rogorc danarCeni sxva yvelaferi. me amas
gamorCeulad kargad gavakeTeb.~
mivubrundebiT leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~, sadac poetis cxovre-
bis gza iseTive mouxelTebeli da Soreulia, iseTive idumali, uZiro da irealu-
ri, rogorc sizmari, rogorc Soreuli cis silaJvarde. RamenaTevi da namTvra-
levi poeti aqac civi samarisTvis emzadeba.
magram nawvimari sila simboloa ara marto maradiulobisa, rogorc ukve aRi-
niSna, aramed aseve wyalobisa, rac amavdroulad gamoxatulebaa sulis cremle-
bisa, sulis tirilisa.
ase erTvis galaktionTan simbolo simbolos, xati – xats, erTi poeturi saxe
– meores da a. S. da a. S. ... ase iqmneba integrali poeziisa.
ase ukavSirdeba es leqsi poetis sxva leqsebs da maT Soris im erTsac, ro-
mlis saTauria `stiroda suli cisfer Rvinoebs~, kerZod ki striqonebs:
rogorc mravali vardebis mfeni,
mas suli hqonda uxvad ciuri.
32
rogorc cnobilia, saukuneebis manZilze vardi qristianuli religiis simbo-
loa da igi asocirebulia RvTismSobelTan8. amitomac ferweraSi xSirad Sexvde-
biT madonas, romelic vardiT xelSia gamosaxuli, an Tavze vardebis gvirgvini
adgas. RvTismSoblis gziT vardi qristianul siwmindes ukavSirdeba. albaT, swo-
red amitomac `vardebis~ meore redaqciiT warmodgenil teqstSi galaktioni
kvlav ixsenebs silaSi vardebs da maT siwmindesa da sifaqizesTan akavSirebs
mxolod:
rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi – mainc siwminde da sifaqize.
(me-18 striqoni)
siwmindesa da sifaqizes ukavSirdeba `vardebis~ mecxre strofic:
o, siwmindeo da sifaqize!
Sen ver moaswar, ise dawynardi,
roca mziani iyavi ise,
rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi.
vfiqrobT, zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg aRaraferia sakvirveli imaSi, Tu ratom
uwoda galaktionma leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ Tavdapirvelad _
`dedao RvTisav~.
magram am strofTan dakavSirebiT ukve sxva SekiTxvac wamoiWreba, kerZod, ra
mimarTebaSia striqoni _ `rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi~ striqonTan _ `ro-
gorc nawvimar silaSi vardi~.
rogorc vxedavT, aq erTi meores ki ar gamoricxavs, aramed, piriqiT, isini av-
seben da azusteben erTmaneTs. faqtia, rom orive SemTxvevaSi vardi cis Suqisa da
cis feris fonzea aRqmuli. striqons, `rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi~, axlavs
striqoni _ `roca mziani iyavi ise~. rac Seexeba striqons, `rogorc nawvimar si-
8 ix. Signs & Symbols in Christian Art by George Ferguson, With Illustrations from Paintings of the Renaissance, Oxford University
Press, London, Oxford, New York, 1971, p. 27-46. The Rose, Madison Mallone, Ariel Books, Andrews and McMeel, Kansas City, 1966, p. 60-66.
Е. Я. Шейнина, Энциклопедия символов, М. 2002, стр. 155-157.
33
laSi vardi~, mas azusteben striqonebi: `Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria / da Soreu-
li cis silaJvarde~.
orive SemTxvevaSi vardi cis fonzea danaxuli da aucileblad _ cisferi da
laJvardovani cis fonze: mziani riJraJi cisferia. aseve cisferia `Soreuli cis
silaJvarde~.
sakuTari cxovrebis gzas poeti vards Seadarebs, radgan rwmena, Semoqmedeba
da RvTismSoblis siwminde erTad gansxeulebuli cocxlobda masSi:
rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,
Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria
da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.
magram kiTxva marad kiTxvad darCeba, Tu ar gavacnobierebT imas, rasac gu-
lisxmobs poeti Tavad `silaSi~.
pirvel yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom galaktioni Tavis cxovrebas adarebs
vards, romelic silaSi warmoudgenia da ara, magaliTad, Tavis qalaSi.
isev moulodnelobis efeqti, radgan vardi, Cveulebriv, miwaSi idgams fesvebs.
amas isic emateba, rom miwa nayofieria, sila ki – unayofo.
amasTan, sila aq simboloa maradiulobisa:
wyalni wavlen da wamovlen,
qviSani darCebiano.
xolo `nawvimari sila~, rogorc literaturuli faqti, vfiqrobT, ukeT ganam-
tkicebs aRniSnul simbolos, ris Sedegadac iqmneba sakmaod STambeWdavi, magram,
amave dros, uCveulo da efemeruli xati `vardisa nawvimar silaSi~.
amasTanave, nurc is dagvaviwydeba, rom sityva `sila~ Semadgeneli nawilia
sityvisa `silaJvarde~, rac zrdis mis damatebiT konotacias da silurje aq ukve
nawvimar silasac dahkravs.
garda zemoaRniSnulisa, mTavari saTqmeli mainc isaa, rom es leqsi aris
poetis aRsareba RvTismSoblisadmi, sadac igi RvTismSobels uCveulo
34
gamowvevas Sehbedavs. yovelive amis fonze friad sayuradReboa leqsis pirveli
striqoni, misi pirveli akordi, romelic mkiTxvels locvad Caesmis:
dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam…
leqsis pirvel xazs male aRsareba enacvleba da mis yovel striqonSi
Cagvesmis gulwrfeli xma poetis sulis kivilisa. Tumc, es aRsareba uCveulo da
moulodnelia, rameTu aq gaismis dapirispirebac mariam RvTismSobelTan:
dastkbi! asea yvela mgosnebi?
Sens molodinSi asea yvela?
suli, vedrebiT ganaocebi,
Sens ferxT qveS kvdeba, rogorc pepela.
Tu aseT dapirispirebas gamowvevas vuwodebT, maSin is kulminacias Semdeg
striqonebSi aRwevs:
da roca bediT dawyevlil gzaze
sikvdilis landi momeCveneba,
gansasvenebel ziarebaze
CemTan ar mova Seni xseneba.
ra aris es? nuTu mxolod sayveduri RvTismSoblisadmi, romelmac ukeTesi
bedi ar arguna mokvdav poets?
mivyveT msjelobas.
galaktionma WeSmaritad gaiziara yvela didi poetisa Tu moazrovnis bedi,
roca miwier cxovrebas maRali sulierebis gadasaxedidan gadaxeda. am gzaze man
mravali simware iwvnia, magram aseTi arCevani xom erT cxovrebad uRirda.
poetma icis, rom samyaro da epoqa, romelSic is cxovrobs, uRmerTo da uRvTis-
mSobloa (`Cemi meetle~, `mwuxareba~, `samSoblo Savi liuciferis~, `ar gegona~, `Tu
brZola ar aris~, `cxraas Tvrameti~). galaktioni Tavad miiCnevs sakuTar Tavs im
35
codvil Svilad, romelTanac sikvdilis Jams ziarebaze albaT ar miva
RvTismSoblis xseneba.
marTalia, poetTan ar midis RvTismSobeli, magram poeti xom Tavad midis
masTan. TiTqos waSlila manZili ciur usasrulobaSi CaZirul RvTismSobelsa
da miwier poets Soris:
da maSin vityvi: aha, movedi
gedi daWrili ocnebis baRiT.
RvTismSoblis miwierebaze, amavdroulad mis didebulebaze, migvaniSnebs is
faqti, rom leqsis erT-erT variantSi poeti mas mravalgzis dedoflad
moixseniebs:
dedao RvTisav, dedofalo, mzeo mariam...
....
da Tu rogorme, dedofalo, isev gaTenda...
...
da maSin vityvi, dedofalo, aha, movedi...
...
Sexede, dastkbi, dedofalo! Cemi Tvalebi...
leqsis es varianti zemoT Cven davukavSireT leqss `saRamo~, sakuTriv mis
sityvebs `da dedofali alva~, sadac RvTismSobels galaktioni isev dedoflad
warmoadgens. isic gvmarTebs gavixsenoT, rom qristes jvarcmasTan erT
metaforaSi gaerTianebuli RvTismSobeli imdenad axlobelia galaktionisaTvis,
rom imave leqsSi `saRamo~ poeti mas Tavis lurj anu, ciur dad warmogvidgens:
`jvarze gakruli elva _ / es Cemi daa lurji~.
poeti, romelic meris mariam RvTismSobelTan aigivebs, iseve emSvidobeba
RvTismSobels, viTarca sanatrel qals da masTan erTad gafrenil ocnebas:
ase mwuxare videqi didxans
da Cems win Savi, swori verxvebi
36
aSrialebdnen foTlebs bnelxmians,
rogorc gafrenil arwivis frTebi.
da Srialebda toti verxvisa,
raze _ vin icis! vin icis, meri!
bedi, romelic me ar meRirsa _
qars mihyveboda, rogorc namqeri.
(`meri~)
poeti, erTi mxriv, pasuxs agebs sakuTar codvebze da Tavad kacobriobaze,
rogorc ama soflis codvili Svili. aqedan modis is maradiuli sevda, romelsac
ver umsubuqebs verc qristes Tavganwirva da verc misi didi misia _ exsna
codvebisagan kacobrioba.
meore mxriv, poeti aris iq, sadac qristea, sadac RvTismSobelia, radgan poeti
iseTive msxverplia kacobriobisa, rogorc Tavad wmindani:
jvars ecvi, Tu ginda! saSveli
ar aris, ar aris, ar aris!
(`Semodgoma `umanko Casaxebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~)
vici, samyaro mas moswyindeba,
darCeba xsovna yofnas, dioniss
da iSviaTad Tu mobrwyindeba
sxva saukune galaktionis.
angelosebi mas Seafardebs
qristes, romelic jvarze gakrula
da ca kiviliT dauSvebs fardebs
am saaqaos wyevlad da krulvad.
(`cisferi~)
vardia silaSi Tavad poetis cxovreba, romelic iseTive Soreuli da
cisferia, viT silaJvarde, magram, amave dros _ miwieri.
37
zemoT ukve vaxseneT galaktionis sxva damoukidebeli leqsi `silaSi vardi~,
romelic ar yofila gamoqveynebuli poetis mier.
miuxedavad imisa, rom orive leqsi konceptualurad erTiandeba, da ara marto
konceptualurad, razec zemoT mivaniSnebdiT, `silas~ aq aucileblad damatebiTi
konotacia uviTardeba, saxeldobr, is, rom sila im brbos simravleze mianiSnebs,
romelic ver ugebs poets.
RvTismSobeli misTvis vardia, magram vardia silaSi, radgan `silaSi vardi~
misTvis ara marto cis silaJvardea, aramed simravleSi gasresili yvavilic.
`bevria, rogorc qviSa da sila~, _ ityvis sxva dros galaktioni:
bevria, rogorc qviSa da sila,
cremli Wabukis, oxvra beberis, _
unda gavawna TviTeuls sila
iseTi, rogorc monebs Seferis.
yvela SemTxvevaSi es aris vardi silaSi, romelsac Turme SeiZleba zecac
daemuqros da brboc:
neba aqvs zecas sul daaWknos is,
brbosac neba aqvs, fexiT gasTelos!
(`silaSi vardi~)
RvTismSobeli, qriste, RmerTi da poeti vardia brboSi, vardia silaSi.
gavixsenoT leqsi `mTawmindis mTvare~:
mTawmindis mTvare
jer arasdros ar Sobila mTvare ase wynari!
mdumarebiT Semosili SeRamebis qnari
qrolviT iwvevs cisfer landebs da xeebSi aqsovs...
38
ase Cumi, ase nazi jer ca me ar maxsovs!
mTvare TiTqos zambaxia SuqTa mkrTali mZiviT,
da mis SuqSi gaxveuli msubuq sizmariviT
mosCans mtkvari da metexi TeTrad moelvare...
oh! arasdros ar Sobila ase nazi mTvare!
aq Cems axlo moxucis lands sZinavs mefur ZiliT,
aq mwuxare sasaflaos, vardiT da gviriliT,
efineba varskvlavebis krToma mxiaruli...
baraTaSvils aq uyvarda oblad siaruli...
da mec movkvde simRerebSi tbis sevdian gedad,
oRond vTqva, Tu Ramem sulSi rogor Caixeda,
Tu sizmarma viT Seisxa cidan camde frTebi,
da gaSala ocnebaTa lurji ialqnebi;
Tu sikvdilis siaxlove rogor asxvaferebs
momakvdavi gedis hangTa vardebs da CanCqerebs,
Tu rogor vgrZnob, rom sulisTvis, am zRvam rom aRzarda,
sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda;
rom am gzaze zRaparia mgosanT siTamame,
rom arasdros ar yofila ase Cumi Rame,
rom, aCrdilno, me Tqvens axlo sikvdils vegebebi,
rom mefe var da mgosani da simReriT vkvdebi,
rom wahyveba saukunes TqvenTan Cemi qnari...
jer arasdros ar Sobila mTvare ase wynari!
1915
mivubrundeT striqons: `aq mwuxare sasaflaos, vardiT da gviriliT~. ra
simboluri datvirTva aqvs vardsa da gvirilas, garda imisa, rom poeti aq
yvavilebiT Semkobil sasaflaos aRwers? rogorc zemoT iTqva, qristianul
filosofiaSi vardi RvTismSoblis simboloa. aqvs Tu ara msgavsi datvirTva
39
gvirilas? aqvs, radgan is yrma qristes simbolod mogvevlineba9. amgvarad,
galaktionma RvTismSobeli yrma qristesTan erTad gamosaxa.
analogiuria am simboloTa datvirTva leqsSi `verxvebi~:
verxvebi
yovelTvis, roca daberavs qari
da nisls mTebisas gaifens afrad,
verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqari
aSrialdeba uSores zRaprad.
zRapari igi maTrobs da mxiblavs
Zveli Rvinis smiT, uRonod, mZafrad,
sadRac dakargul vards da gvirilebs
mogonebebSi viWer Tanabrad.
es iyo winaT, didi xnis winaT...
sad, rodis, risTvis? ar vici, ara!
iyvnen odesRac da mieZinaT...
Relavs foTlebis mwyobri kamara.
mas Semdeg bedi da ialqani
qaris simZimiT gadaixara,
Sen ki sada xar amdeni xani?
risTvis, an visTan? ar vici, ara!
es iyo winaT, didi xnis winaT,
es iyo verxvis foTlebis kvnesa,
drom yvavilebiT dagvagvirgvina,
me paJi viyav, is ki _ princesa.
1915
9 Signs & Symbols in Christian Art by George Ferguson, p. 30.
40
isev vardi da gvirila, isev RvTismSobeli da isev yrma qriste: `sadRac
dakargul vards da gvirilebs...~
galaktioni RvTismSoblis gverdiT qristes mxolod am formiT rodi
gamosaxavs. RvTismSobels galaktionTan qristes jvarcma enacvleba, rac
simbolurad verxviTa da verxvis SrialiT gadmoicema, ise, rogorc am leqsSia _
`verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqari / aSrialdeba uSores zRaprad~, an rogorc es
xdeba leqsSi _ `meri~: `da Srialebda toti verxvisa, / raze _ vin icis! vin icis,
meri! / bedi, romelic me ar meRirsa _ / qars mihyveboda, rogorc namqeri~.
qristianulma tradiciam verxvTan kavSirSi ori miTi Semogvinaxa. pirveli,
romlis mixedviT, jvari, romelzedac qriste ecva verxvis xisgan iyo gamoTlili;
meore, mogviTxrobs, rom qristes jvarcmis dros, niSnad didi mwuxarebisa, yvela
xem Tavi daxara. gamonaklisi verxvis xe iyo, romelic urCobis gamo zenam dasaja
da iqidan moyolebuli is marad TrTis.10
rogorc vxedavT, galaktioni am ukanasknel versias iziarebs da verxvis xe
masTan swored am simboluri datvirTviTaa warmoCenili. rasakvirvelia, amave
dros paralelurad iqmneba bunebis mSvenieri suraTi verxvis foTolTa
Srialisa, romelic Tavisi haerovnebiTa da mRelvarebiT kidev ufro
romantikuls xdis leqsSi moqceul poetur saxeebs.
poeturi Sedevri, rogorc qmnileba, Cveulebriv, polifoniuria.
polifoniuria araerTi sityvac aseTi qmnilebisa, romelic poets leqsis
sayrdenad SeurCevia. ai, swored aseT SemTxvevaze Tqmula mravalgzis, rom
poetur teqstSi sityva ukve Tavadaa mxatvruli nawarmoebi. WeSmaritad asea
galaktionTanac.
galaktionis sityva, iseve rogorc misi striqoni da Tavad leqsi
mravlismetyveli da mravlis damtevia, rac qmnis kidec misi poeziis uZiro
siRrmes. galaktionis leqsis Sinaarsi verasodes daiyvaneba erTmniSvnelian ga-
gebamde. misi poezia integraluria: erT suraTs meore mohyveba, erT Sinaarss me-
ore cvlis, meores – mesame, mesames – meoTxe da a. S., rogorc amas Tavad poeti
acxadebs:
10 Signs & Symbols in Christian Art by George Ferguson, p. 28.
41
roca ubralo sidideTa
rCeba rkalebi,
umaRlesi gza win meSleba:
integralebi.
rTul integralebs me vadareb
exla meores,
msgavsebas maTsa da poetis
cxovrebas Soris;
mas xom jer isev bavSvobis dros,
didi xnis winad,
sityvebTan brZola da daZleva
hqonia Jinad.
exla ki mis win gaiSleba
fernaalebi –
umaRlesi gza – poeziis
integralebi!
(`poeziis integralebi~)