Marbres Partenó
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Transcript of Marbres Partenó
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EL PARTENÓ DE NASHVILLE (U.S.A.)
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ELS MARBRESDEL PARTENÓ
Quan es va fer el Partenó, entre el 447 i el 432 a.C., es van crear tres grups d’escultures per guarnir-lo: les metopes, el fris i els frontons. D’aquests, les metopes i el fris formaven part de l’estructura del Partenó mateix. No van ser tallats i després col.locats en el lloc que els corresponia, sinó que es van fer en les mateixes parets del Partenó, un cop que havia estat construit.
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El fris, de 160 metres de llargada, estava situat sobre la línea interior de columnes; per tant no era tan visible com les metopes. És una escultura allargada contínua en baix-relleu, que representa la processó de les Panatenees cap al Partenó.
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A cada extrem del temple, en el gran espai triangular s’executàren las estàtues del frontó en alt-relleu. Aquestes havien estat disenyades per omplir l’espai de forma tal que les figures del punt més alt del triangle eren enormes.
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Aquestes escultures s’han deteriorat tant que en la actualitat sabem el que representaven només a través dels testimonis de l’escriptor i viatger grec Pausànies, que va
viure al voltant del 140 a.C. De acord amb ell, les escultures del frontó Est representaven el naixement
d’Atena del cap de Zeus, i les escultures del frontó Oest, la lluita entre Atena i Posidó por la tutela de l’Àtica.
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No obstant, la veritable glòria del temple es trobava al seu interior: l’estàtua de la deesa Atena feia al voltant dels 12 metres d’alçada i estava decorada amb or i vori.
Aquesta estàtua fou damnada pel foc cap a l’any 200 a.C. i es creu que fou reemplaçada por una de nova entre
165-160 a.C. L’estàtua, al contrari del que ha passat amb els Marbres del
Partenó, no sobrevisquè a la antigüetat.
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Entre 1801 i 1803 Lord Elgin, ambaixador anglès, va comprar les famoses escultures del fris del Partenó a les
llavors autoritats turques que gobernaven el territori (durant l’ocupació Turc-Otomana).
En 1816 va vendre les escultures
al Museu Britànic per 35.000
lliures esterlines.
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Metopes
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Les metopes eren escultures individuals en relleu. Hi havia 92 metopes, 32 a cada costat i 14 a cada extrem, cadascuna separada de
la seva veïna per un simple guarniment arquitectònic anomenat triglif. Estaven situades al voltant de l’edifici, sobre la filera exterior de
columnes i representaven batalles mítiques. El costat Nord mostrava escenas de la guerra de Troia, el costat Sud una batalla entre els Grecs i els Centaures -part home, part cavall-, el costat Est representava els Déus Olímpics lluitant contra els Gegants i el costat Oest mostrava
una batalla entre els Grecs i les Amazones.
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Fris(Processó de les Panatenees)
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El FRIS es composava originalmente de 115 panells; d’ells, encara existeixen 94, intactes o damnats: 36 es troben a Atenes, 56
al Museu Britànic i 1 al Louvre. De les 92 METOPES originals, 39 es troben a Atenes i 15 a Londres. 17 estàtues del
FRONTISPICI són al Museu Britànic.
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Les Panatenees era una gran festa de caràcter anyal en honor d’Atena, i es celebrava amb gran solemnitat cada quatre anys.
El fris suposa un canvi en quant a la representació dels frontons. Totes les figures estaven policromades en colors vius. La part superior poseeix un relleu més profund, per afavorir la perspectiva.
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Elements que apareixen a la processó: Homes a cavall i a peu; figures amb vestits militars (aurigues), aiguadors o figures que porten àmfores, i persones que porten animals per al sacrifici (bous, bocs... ). Hi ha absència de fons a les escenes. Tampoc no n’hi ha escala.
L’escena més important és l’Assemblea dels déus, o escena enmarcada per les divinitats que apareixen assegudes. S’intercala l’escena del ‘peple’. Es representen dotze escenes, de les quals es conserven tres. Són les úniques figures divines, però amb el mateix tractament de la resta de figures humanes.
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FRIS OCCIDENTAL
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FRIS SEPTENTRIONAL
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FRIS MERIDIONAL
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FRIS ORIENTAL
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Reconstrucciódel fris i deles metopes
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