Macroscopic Understanding of the

Game Situations in GOToshihiko Yokogawa, Junju Nishino, Yuichi Mizuno

Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa UniversityReporter ： Jung-Yun Lo

Outline

• Introduction• FOG System• Understanding of “Atsumi”• Example• Conclusion

Introduction

• Human players uses terms “thick (Atsui)”, “thin (Usui)”, “heavy (Omoi)”, “light (Karui)” to judge the situations

• Thickness is the complex concept based on the strength and power width of stone groups

• Propose that “thickness” is expresses by 2 dimensions, the power width from stone groups and their strength

FOG System

• FOG (Fuzzy Oriented Go)

FOEFOE

EGOEGO

FOG

EGO’s dataEGO’s status

OrientationsResult of Fuzzy Inference

FOG System

Put “ready” to FOE and waitfor orientation

Put “ready” to FOE and waitfor orientation

Do elementary procedureof Go

Do elementary procedureof Go

Wait for opponent move

Wait for opponent move

Do next moveDo next move Selection of next moveSelection of next move

Do some actions by orientations from FOE and wait for next orientation until “continue” from FOEDo some actions by orientations from FOE and wait for next orientation until “continue” from FOE

Wait for “ready” from EGO

Wait for “ready” from EGO

Infer by fuzzy rules with getting information from EGO

Infer by fuzzy rules with getting information from EGO

Put results to EGOPut results to EGO

Put “continue”to EGOPut “continue”to EGO

EGO

FOE

Understanding of “Atsumi”• Human players always consider “atsu

mi” and “usumi” in deciding a next move to use the stones most effectively

• ATSUMI: Thickness, power or strength. Refers to a group with strong shape and few or no cutting points– Refers to stones with a powerful shape– Refers to having superior outward influenc

e– Refers to having a lead in territory

Influence for understanding of “atsumi”• Energy Source

– From the wall of Gun

• Energy Function–

• Energy Depression• Energy at a point in the fields of the

Game– Point belongs to no Guns is calculated

energy is represented as each sum of the same color groups

Cl

B

l

AlE

2)(

Strength for understanding of “atsumi”• Human players’ understanding of strength

– A Gun with no less than two perfect eyes, in other word, a Gun perfectly alive, is strong

– A Gun with many processed eyes is strong– A Gun with wide spaces with some tight

linkage is strong– A Gun with more than one linkage

possibility with other strong Guns is strong

– A Gun with more Dames is strong. A Dame means an unoccupied adjacent points of a stone

Strength for understanding of “atsumi”• Considering neighboring stones

– If an opponent strong Gun is near the considered Gun, its strength is weakened

– If an ally strong Gun is near the considered Gun, its strength is strong

Strength for understanding of “atsumi”• Elements of strength

– Gankei

– Largesse of territory

– Tightness of linkage

– Number of dame

2

eGankeiValuGBS

)1,arg

(F

esselMinLBS

alueTightnessVTBS

1

HG

DameValueMaxDBS ),1(

Strength for understanding of “atsumi”• When Gankei value exists, the basic str

ength is Gankei based and modified by TBS and DBS

• When the area is eider than 6, the basic strength is width based and modified by linkage tightness

)()( JDBSITBSGBSStrength

)()( LDBSKHBSLBSStrength

Strength for understanding of “atsumi”• When a Gun has only one stone, the

basic strength is Dame based and modified by height

• Else, the basic strength is tightness based

HBSDBSStrength

)( NDBSM

TBSStrength

Understanding “atsumi” of an area based on strength and energy

• “atsumi” of an area is defined by the strengths and distance of the neighboring Guns and the energy sum of each color

Understanding of importance of an Area

• Importance of an area is decided by rules using strength of Guns, distance between them, and the energies in the central points of the area

Example

Situation and candidates

Guns, their walls and largesse

Energy at the points

Conclusion

• By this method…– the situations of the game in Go can be

totally understood and expressed by language-based expressions

– Understood situations can be applied to language rules to express strategy. So we can write strategic rules similar to human players