Machu Picchu-Peru's Lost Citadel

8/13/2019 Machu Picchu-Peru's Lost Citadel

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Welcome to Peru's Lost Citadel: Machu PicchuThe enduring enigma of the Lost Inca Citadel in the clouds!


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http://www.machupicchumystery.com/machu_picchu_hiram_bingham.htmhttp://www.machupicchumystery.com/machu_picchu_hiram_bingham.htm


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Machu Picchu Overview

M h Pi h ( l ll d M h Pi h ) ( Q h i "Old P k") i


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Machu Picchu is 70 kilometers northwest of Cuzco, on the crest of the mountain MachuPicchu, located about 2,350 meters above sea level. It is one of the most important

archaeological centers in South America and the most visited tourist attraction in Peru.

From the top, at the cliff of Machu Picchu, is a vertical precipice of 600 meters ending at thefoot of the Urubamba River. The location of the city was a military secret because its deep

precipices and mountains were an excellent natural defense. The Inca Bridge, an Inca ropebridge across the Urubamba River in the Pongo de Mainique, provided a secret entrance forthe Inca army.

According to the archaeologists, the urban sector of Machu Picchu was divided into threegreat districts: the Sacred District, the Popular District, to the south, and the District of thePriests and the Nobility (royalty zone).

Located in the first zone are the primary archaeological treasures: the Intihuatana, the Templeof the Sun and the Room of the Three Windows. These were dedicated to Inti, their sun godand greatest deity. The Popular District, or Residential District, is the place where the lower

class people lived. It includes storage buildings and simple houses to live in.

In the royalty area, a sector existed for the nobility: a group of houses located in rows over aslope; the residence of the Amautas (wise persons) was characterized by its reddish walls,and the zone of the ustas (princesses) had trapezoid-shaped rooms.

The Monumental Mausoleum is a carved statue with a vaulted interior and carved drawings.It was used for rites or sacrifices.


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year, acclimatizing at Cuzco before starting on a two- to four-day journey on foot from theUrubamba valley up through the Andes mountain range.

On July 24, 1911, Machu Picchu was brought to the attention of the West by HiramBingham, an American historian then employed as a lecturer at Yale University. He was ledthere by locals who frequented the site. This explorer/archaeologist began the archaeologicalstudies there and completed a survey of the area. Bingham coined the name "The Lost City ofthe Incas", which was the title of his first book. He never gave any credit to those who ledhim to Machu Picchu, mentioning only "local rumor" as his guide.

Bingham had been searching for the city of Vitcos, the last Inca refuge and spot of resistanceduring the Spanish conquest of Peru. In 1911, after various years of previous trips andexplorations around the zone, he was led to the citadel by Quechuans who were living inMachu Picchu in the original Inca infrastructure. Bingham made several more trips andconducted excavations on the site through 1915. He wrote a number of books and articlesabout the discovery of Machu Picchu. During the early years in Peru, Bingham built strongrelationships with top Peruvian officials. As a result, he had little trouble obtaining necessary

permission, paperwork, and permits to travel throughout the country and borrowarcheological artifacts. Upon returning to Yale University, Bingham had collected around5,000 such objects to be kept in Yale's care until such time as the Peruvian governmentrequested their return. Recently, the Peruvian government requested the return of all culturalmaterial, and at the refusal of Yale University to do so, began to consider legal action.

Simone Waisbard, a long-time researcher of Cusco, claims Enrique Palma, Gabino Snchezand Agustn Lizrraga left their names engraved on one of the rocks there on July 14, 1901,h i di d i b f i h ik i i 1904 i d kli


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physical burdens on the ruins.

A growing number of people visit Machu Picchu (400,000 in 2003). For this reason, therewere protests against a plan to build a further bridge to the site and a no-fly zone exists in thearea. UNESCO is considering putting Machu Picchu on its list of endangered World HeritageSites.

Damage to the site due to usage has occurred. In September 2000 a centuries-old sundialcalled Intihuatana, or "hitching post for the sun," was damaged when a 1,000-pound cranefell onto it. The crane was being used by a crew hired by J. Walter Thompson advertisingagency to film an advertisement for Cusquea beer. "Machu Picchu is the heart of ourarchaeological heritage and the Intihuatana is the heart of Machu Picchu. They've struck atour most sacred inheritance," said Federico Kaufmann Doig, a Peruvian archaeologist."

On March 14, 2006, the Hartford Courant reported that the wife of Peruvian PresidentAlejandro Toledo had accused Yale University of profiting from Peru's cultural heritage byclaiming title to more than 250 museum-quality pieces that had been removed from Macchu

Picchu by Hiram Bingham in 1912 and had been on display at Yale's Peabody Museum eversince. Some of the material Bingham removed was returned to Peru but Yale has kept the restsaying its position was supported by federal case law involving Peruvian antiquities.

On August 14, 2007, the Hartford Courant reported that Yale had agreed to turn over to Peruan inventory of some 300 museum-quality pieces in its collection. The breakthrough innegotiations between Yale and the Peruvian government may help decide who gets to keepthe artifacts. Peru's new President Alan Garcia has appointed a delegation to continue talks

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Location in Map:

http://www.bing.com/maps/?cp=-13.14974%7e-72.50779&sp=aN.-13.14974_-

72.50779_Machu%20Picchu&lvl=8&msnurl=http%253a%252f%252fmaps.msn.

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13.14974%2526lons1%253d-

72.50779%2526alts1%253d215%2526regn1%253d2%2526name%253dMachu

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Machu Picchu-Peru's Lost Citadel

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