Mach Dem Xe Ra Vao Tai Gara

Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t

n mn hc(K thut s) Lp: -TK40

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN Hng Yn, thng 2 nm 2012

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LI M UKhoa hc k thut ang ngy cng pht trin rt mnh m, cc cng ngh mi thuc cc lnh vc khc nhau cng nh ra i nhm p ng nhu cu ca x hi v k thut s cng nm trong s . Hn nay k thut s c ging dy rng ri cc trng i Hc Cao ng trong c nc , nhm p ng v nhu cu iu khin, o lng iu chnh ca dy truyn cng nghip . Trong qu trnh hc trng i hc S Phm K Thut Hng Yn, nhm nng cao k nng thc hnh chng em c cc thy c trong khoa in - in t giao cho lm ti chuyn i t m nh phn( t 4->8 bit) sang m BCD hin th ra led 7 thanh Di s gip ca cc thy trong khoa v cc bn c bit l s gip tn tnh ca thy V Vn Chin, sau 1 thi gian chng em hon thnh ti. Trong qu trnh lm khng trnh khi nhng sai st nn chng em mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca cc thy c v cc bn n ca chng em c hon thin hn. Qua y chng em xin c gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy V Vn Chin tn tnh ch bo cho chng em, c th hon thnh ti. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n! Nhm sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn xun ng Bi Tin ng Lu Quang on

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LI CM NChng em xin chn thnh cm n thy v vn chin tn tnh ch dy hng dn, ng gp nhiu kin qu bu v to iu kin chng em sa sai v hon chnh kin thc ca mnh trong sut thi gian qua. S ch dy v nhng kin ca thy m ng cho chng em nhanh chng khc phc c nhng khc mc kh khn v sm tm ra c nhng phng n gii quyt hiu qu trong qu trnh thc hin ti. Chng em xin cm n qu thy c trong khoa in - in t trng HSP KT Hng Yn ht lng dy d chng em trong thi gian qua. Xin cm n cc bn sinh vin cng kho tn tnh ng h, gip chng ti hon thnh tt ti ny.

Hng Yn, thng 1 nm 2011

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MC LCNHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN..............................................................1 LI M U........................................................................................................2 1.4.1. Cng AND.........................................................................................10 1.4.2. Cng OR...........................................................................................10 1.4.3. Cng NOT........................................................................................11 1.4.4. Cng NAND.....................................................................................12 1.4.5. Cng NOR........................................................................................13 1.5. Triger. 14 1.5.1. Khi nim:........................................................................................14 1.5.2. Phn loi..........................................................................................15 1.5.3. Cu trc ca trig JK( FF-JK )..........................................................15 1.6. B m 18 1.6.1. Cc bc thit k b m .................................................................19 1.6.2. c im v phn loi b m......................................................20 1.7. Gii m. 29 1.7.1. LED 7 thanh.....................................................................................30 PHN II :............................................................................................................37 THIT K MCH M V HIN TH S XE TRONG GARA T.............................37 2.1. S khi. 2.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca cc khi 37 37

2.2.2. Khi cm bin:..................................................................................38 2.2.3. Khi m: .......................................................................................39 2.2.4. Khi gii m v hin th....................................................................39 2.2.5. Khi x l tn hiu v iu khin....................................................40 TNG KT.........................................................................................................43

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PHN I : C S L THYT1.1. Khi nim v tn hiu s V c bn c hai cch biu din gi tr ca i lng, l tng t( analog) v s( digital). Biu din di dng tng t : trong cch biu din dng tng t oc biu din bng hiu in th, cng dng in, hay s o chuyn ng tng quan vi gi tr ca i lng . V d : ng h o vn tc trong xe t, kim o lch phi tng ng vi tc hin ti ca xe v lch ny phi thay i tc th khi vn tc xe tng hay gim. Cc i lng tng t c mt c im rt quan trng l i lng tng t c th thay i theo mt khong gi tr lin tc. Biu din di dng s : trong cch biu dic dng s i lng c biu din bng cc k t s (0 v1). v d nh ng h hin s, hin th thi gian trong ngy nh gi pht giy di dng s thp phn.Tuy thi gian trong ngy thay i lin tc nhng s hin ca ng h s li thay i tng bc, mi bc l mt pht hay mt giy. Ni cch khc cc i lng s c c im gi tr ca n thay i theo tng bc ri rc. Nh vy ta thy c s khc bit c bn gia i lng tng t v i lng s, l: Tng t lin tc ri rc S V tnh ri rc trong biu din s nn khi c gi tr ca i lng s khng h c s m h. * u, nhc im ca k thut s so vi k thut tng t: -u im: Do s dng chuyn mach nn nhn chung cc thit b sd thit k hn Thng tin c lu tr d dng Tnh chnh xc v tin cy cao hn C th lp trnh iu khin h thng s It nh hng bi nhiu -Nhc im: mc d c nhiu u im nhng bn cnh vn c 1 s hn ch. Do hu ht cc i lng vt l u c bn cht l tng t nn muon tn dng c h thng k thut s th chng ta pha thc hin cc bc sau: Bin di u vo dng tng t thnh dng s( A/D) X l tn hiu s Bin i u ra t dng s dang tng t( D/A) GVHD: V VN CHIN -

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Mt h thng tn dng c u im ca k thut s v k thut tng t th ngi ta dng c 2 h thng. Trong h thng nh vy vic quan trng l ta phi xc nh c phn no nn dng k thut s v phn no dng tng t.

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1.2. Trng thi nh phn v mc logic Trong h thng k thut s thng tin c x l u c biu din di dng nh phn. Bt k thit b no ch c 2 trng thi hot ng u c th biu din di dng nh phn. V d cng tc ch c 2 trng thI hot ng l ng hoc m. Ta c th quy c m l 0 v ng l 1. Vi quy c ny ta c th biu din s nh phn bt k. Trong thit b in t s thng tin nh phn c biu din bng hiu in th( hay dng in) ti u vo hay u ra ca mch. Thng thng s nh phn 0 v 1 c biu din bng 2 mc in th danh nh. V d 0V c th biu din bng 0 v +5V c th biu din bng s nh phn 1. Trn thc t cc IC s cc s 0 hoc 1 c biu din bng 1 khong in th quy nh no . VD: 0V 0.8V biu th nh phn 0 3V -5V biu th nh phn 1 1.3. Cc h thng s m biu din cc s o, i lng vt l ta cn cc h thng s m. TRong mt h thng s m bt k mt con s c biu din di dng mt dy ch s lin tip. Nh vy ng vi m tp hp cc ch s dng biu din cc con s chng ta s c mt h thng m khc nhau. Ngi ta gi c s ca h m l s ch s khc nhau dng biu din cc con s trong h m . Trong k tht s c bn h thng s m quan trng l: + H thng thp phn (decimal); cn c foi l h c s 1.,n s dung 10 ch s biu din cc con s, l cc ch s 0,1,2.9 + H nh phn( binary): cn c gi l h c s 2 n s dng 2 ch s biu din tt c cc con s l 2 s 0 v1 + H bt phn (octal): cn oc gi l h c s 8 n s dng 8 ch s bin din tt c cc con s, 8 ch s l 0,1,27 +H thp lc phn (hexa): cn c gi l h c s 16 n s dng 16 k t biu din tt c cc con s 16 k t l 0, 1,29,A,B,C,D,E,F

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t 1.4. Cc php ton logic v cng locgic. 1.4.1. Cng AND a) Khi nim:


Cng AND l cng lgc c n u vo bin v 1 u ra thc hin php nhn lgc f(x1,... xn) = x1 * x2 * . . . *xn b) K hiu:

&2 u vo K hiu EU c) Bng trng thi. x1 0 0 1 1

&n u vo 2 u vo K hiu US n u vo

x2 0 1 0 1

y 0 0 0 1

d ) gin thi gian .X1

X2

Y

1.4.2. Cng OR. a) Khi nim:

GVHD: V VN CHIN 10 -

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Cng OR l cng lgc c n u vo bin x v 1 u ra thc hin php cng lgc f(x1,... xn) = x1 + x2 + . . . + xn b) K hiu:

>1

>1

2 u vo K hiu EU

n u vo

2 u vo K hiu US

n u vo

c) Bng trng thi. x1 0 0 1 1 x2 0 1 0 1 y 0 1 1 1

d) gin thi gian .

X1

X2

Y

1.4.3. Cng NOT a) Khi nim Cng NOT l cng lgc c 1 u vo bin x v 1 u ra thc hin php o lgc f(x) = x(o) GVHD: V VN CHIN 11 -

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t b) K hiu


1EU c) Bng trng thi x 0 1 d )Gin thi gian y 1 0 US

X Y

1.4.4. Cng NAND. a) Khi nim Cng AND l cng lgc c n u vo bin v 1 u ra thc hin php nhn ph nh lgc f(x1,... xn) = x1 * x2 *. . . * xn b) K hiu

&2 u vo K hiu EU c) Bng trng thi B 0 A 0 F 1 B L

&n u vo 2 u vo K hiu US n u vo

A L

F H


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 L H H NAND vo 1.4.5. Cng NOR. a) Khi nim H L H H H L 2 uL A B K1 N


K1 K2 F F

Cng NOR l cng lgc c n u vo bin v 1 u ra thc hin php cng o lgc f(x1,... xn) = x1 + x2 ++ xn b) K hiu

>1

>1

2 u vo K hiu EU

n u vo

2 u vo K hiu US

n u vo

c) Bng trng thi B 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 0 1 F 1 0 0 0 B L L H H A L H L H F H L L LL B K1 N A K1 K2 F F

NOR 2 u vo


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1.5. Triger. 1.5.1. Khi nim: - Trig trong ting anh gi l Flip-Flop, vit tt l FF n l phn t nh c hai trng thi cn bng n nh tng ng vi hai mc logic 0 v 1. Di tc dng ca cc tn hiu iu khin li vo, trig c th chuyn v mt trong hai trng thi cn bng v gi nguyn trng thi trng no cha c tn hiu iu khin lm thay i trng thi ca n Trng thi tip theo ca trig ph thuc khng nhng vo tn hiu li vo m cn ph thuc vo trng thi ang hin hnh ca n. - Trig c cu thnh t mt nhm cc cng logic, mc d cc cng logic t n khng c kh nng lu tr nhng c th ni nhiu cng vi nhau theo cch thc cho php lu gi thng tin. Mi s sp sp cng khc nhau s cho ra cc trig khc nhau. Trig c nhiu u vo iu khin v ch c hai u ra lun lun ngc chiu nhau l Q vQ.

S khi tng qut ca mt trig l cc u vo:FF QQ

Cc u vo

Trong :

Q l u ra thng.Q l u ra o.


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- Di tc ng ca tn hiu iu khin li vo trig c th chuyn v 1 trong 2 trng thi cn bng v tn ti trng thi cho n khi c tn hiu iu khin tip theo lm thay i n. + khi Q = 1,Q = 0 ta ni trig trng thi 1 hay trng thi cao. trng thi

ny gi l trng thi thit lp (set). + khi Q = 0,Q = 1 ta ni trig trng thi 0 hay trng thi thp. trng thi

ny gi l trng thi ti thit lp( Reset). + cc k hiu v mc tch cc tn hiu: K hiu Tnh tch cc ca tn hiu Tch cc mc thp(Low) Tch cc mc cao(High) Tch cc sn dng ca xung nhp Tch cc sn m ca xung nhp 1.5.2. Phn loi. - Phn loi theo chc nng lm vic ca cc u vo iu khin: - Trig mt u vo ( trig D, trig T) - Trig hai u vo ( trig RS, trig JK) - Phn loi theo cch lm vic: - Trig khng ng b - Trig ng b. - Ch khng ng b l trng thi u rat hay i bt k khi no c s thay i u vo iu khin. - Ch ng b khng ch s thay i trng thi u ra ngi ta a vo u vo ca trig mt xung nhp. Ch khi c s tc ng ca xung nhp th trig mi thay di trng thi theo u vo iu khin. 1.5.3. Cu trc ca trig JK( FF-JK ) - FF-JK l loi trig c hai u vo iu khin v hai u ra Q v Q . GVHD: V VN CHIN 15 -

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t a. K hiu ca trig JK:


J KPr

J K- F F

Q

QPr

J C LK K

QA QA

J C LK K

QA QA

C LR

C LR

b. Cu trc mch:Pr J 1 A 3 Q

K

2

4 B CLK

Q

c. Nguyn l hot ng : Trc khi thit lp trng thi logic cho J v K th ta gi s ng ra trc c Q = 0, Q = 1. - Khi c CLK = 0 th ng ra hai cng NAND 1 v 2 b ng kn bt chp s thay i ng vo ca J v K. GVHD: V VN CHIN 16 -

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t xt:


- Khi CLK = 1 th kc ny cho php hai cng 1 v 2 hot ng v ta bt u + Trng hp 1: J = 0 v K = 0 ta c J = 0 => A = 1 kt hp viQ =

1.=> Q = 0, Q = 1, trng hp ny ph hp vi logic kt qu ng ra khng i. + Trng hp 2: J = 0 v K = 1 ta c J = 0 => A = 1 kt hp vi Q = 1 => Q = 0 v K = 1, Q = 0 => B = 1 kt hp vi Q = 0 => Q = 1, trng hp ny ph hp vi logic. + Trng hp 3: J = 1v K = 0 ta c A=0 v c 3 ng vo u bng 1, B = 1 v c K=0 lc ny do c A=0 nn Q lp tc chuyn ln 1 v Q chuyn xung 0. + Trng hp 4: J = 1 v K =1 ta c J=1, Q = 0 => A=1. A = 1; Q = 0 => Q =1 K = 1; Q = 1=> B = 0 Q = 1; B=0 => Q = 1 - Nh vy trng hp 4 ny khng lm n nh trng thi ng ra. hin tng ny gi l hin tng chy ua. Cch khc phc hin tng ny l iu chnh thi gian tn ti xung hoc s dng FF ch t. d. Bng chn l: JK = 00 gi nguyn trng thi Qn+1 = Qn. JK = 01 trig Qn+1 = 0. JK = 10 trig Qn+1 = 1. JK = 11 trig Qn+1 = Qn .


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t e .Dng sng ng vo, ra.Pr


t CLR

t CLK

t J

t K

t Q

t

1.6. B m - B m l mt dy tun hon c mt u vo m v mt u ra. - Mch c s trng thi trong bng chnh h s m ( k hiu l K) di tc dng ca tn hiu vo m mch s chuyn t trng thi trong ny n mt trng thi trong khc theo mt th t nht nh, c sau K tn hiu vo m, mch tr v trng thi xut pht ban u. S khi ca b m c m t hnh sau: - hnh trng thi tng qut ca b m: - hnh trng thi ca mt b m c h s m bng K, c m t nh sau:

0

1

2

K - 1


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Khi khng c tn hiu vo m (X) mch gi nguyn trng thi c ( i n i ), khi c tn hiu vo m (X) mch chuyn sang trng thi k tip (i n i + 1 ). Tnh cht tun hon ca b m th hin ch: sau K tn hiu vo X mch li quay v trng thi xut pht ban u. Tn hiu ra ca b m ch xut hin ( y = 1) duy nht trong trng hp b m ang trng thi K 1 v c tn hiu vo X khi b m s tr v trng thi 0. Trong trng hp cn hin th trng thi ca b m th phi dng thm mch gii m. 1.6.1. Cc bc thit k b m Cc bc thit k b m.

V h trng thi nh

Xc s FF ca b m n nh M ha trng thI theo m cho Xc hph tr hm ra, nh ng nh hm k ca cc FF v ti thi ch u

S

* Bc1:V hnh trng thi ca b m: Cn c vo yu cu ca b m cn thit k nh : h s m (K) v mt s cc yu cu khc xy dung hnh m t hot ng ca b m. GVHD: V VN CHIN 19 -

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t trong ca b m theo m cho.


* Bc 2: Xc nh s FF ca b m, m ho cc trng thi Trc tin phi xc nh c n l s FF cn thit m ho cho K trng thi trong ca b m, n phi tho mn iu kin sau: i vi m nh phn v m Gray : n = log2 K i vi m vng i vi m JONHSON :n = K :n = (1/2) K

* Bc 3: Xc nh hm kch ca cc FF v hm ra. Phng php xc nh hm kch ca cc FF v hm ra ca b m c th xc nh theo 2 cch: Da vo bng chuyn i trng thi, bn ra xc nh cc phng trnh u vo kch cho cc FF v phng trnh ca hm ra. ra. *Bc 4: S mch thc hin: T cc phng trnh u vo kch cc FF v phng trnh hm ra, a ra s mch thc hin. 1.6.2. c im v phn loi b m. a) c im. m l kh nng nh c s xung u vo; mch in thc hin thao tc m gi l b m. S xung m c biu din di cc dng s nh phn hoc thp phn. m l mt thao tc rt quan trng, c s dng rt rng ri trong thc t, t cc thit b o ch th s n cc my Da trc tip vo hnh chuyn i trng thi vit cc phng trnh u vo kch cho cc FF v phng trnh hm


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t m. b) Phn loi. C 3 cch phn loi.


tnh in t s. Bt k h thng s hin i no cng c b

+ Cn c vo tc ng ca xung u vo ngi ta chia lm 2 loi - B m ng b - B m d b B m ng b c c im l xung Clock u c a ng thi n cc FF. B m d b th xung Clock ch c a vo FF u tin, cn cc FF tip theo th ly tn hiu ti u ra ca FF pha trc thay cho xung Clock. + Cn c vo h s m ngi ta phn chia thnh cc loi: - B m nh phn - B m thp phn - B m Modul bt k Nu gi n l s k s trong m nh phn (tng ng vi s FF c trong b m) th dung lng ca b m l N = 2n . i vi b m thp phn th N = 10 l trng hp c bit ca b m N phn. N l dung lng ca b m hoc c th ni l di m ca b m, hoc h s m. + Cn c vo s m tng hay gim di tc dng ca xung u vo ngi ta chia ra lm 3 loi: - B m thun (Up Counter) - B m nghch (Down Cuonter) - B m thun nghch.(Up/Down) GVHD: V VN CHIN 21 -

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t * B m nh phn


H m nh phn c cu trc bi cc trig, cc trng thi ng ra c xc lp di dng m nh phn biu th bng cc trng thi 0 v 1. B m nh phn khng ng b (m ni - Khi nim: l b m m cc trig mc ni tip vi nhau, li ra trig trc c ni vi li vo ca trig sau. - c im: xung CLK khng c a ng thi vo cc trig m ch c a vo v lm chuyn trng thi ca trig u tin, li ra ca trig trc lm chuyn trng thi ca trig lin sau n. -Phn loi: trong m nh phn khng ng b c cc loi sau: tip):


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t m tin (Up counter): - S :


Hnh 1.1 Gii thch s : y l s m nh phn khng ng b 4 bt m thun +Mun xo: Pr=1, CLR=0. Mun t: Pr=0, CLR=1 + b m lm vic t mc lgic J=K=1 ;CLR=1 +Xung nhp tc ng vo trig c trng s nh nht v tc ng bi sn m nn khi CLK chuyn t 1 v 0 th lp tc u ra Q1=1; Q2, Q3, Q4=0 Trig 2 thay i trng thi khi Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0 Trig 3 thay i trng thi khi Q2 chuyn t 1 v 0 Trig 4 thay i trng thI khi Q3 chuyn t 1 v 0. - S :

Hnh 1.2 GVHD: V VN CHIN 23 -

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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t - Gii thch:


Ta thy b m ngc ch khc b m thun ch li ra Q(o) ca trig trc c ni vo CLK ca trig sau nn trig sau s chuyn trng thi khi trig trc n chuyn t 1 v 0 B m thun ngc tu : c mt b m va thun va ngc ta thm mt u vo iu khin tin li UP/DOWN. - S :

Hinh 1.3 - Gii thch: *m tin:khi cho li vo Iu khin tin li U/D=1 li ra Q ca trig trc ni vi CLK ca trig tip theo .S tng ng nh hnh 1.1 *m li: khi cho li vo iu khin U/D=0 li ra Q(o) ca trig trc ni vi CLK ca trig tip theo .S nh hnh 1.2 u nhc im ca b m khng ng b: - u im: n gin do i hi t linh kin - Nhc im :Tc ng chm v thi gian tr kh ln do mi trig hot ng nh s chuyn trng thi ti u ra ca trig trc n. B m nh phn ng b (m song song)


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t vo tt c cc trig - S :


- Khi nim: l b m m xung nhp c kch ng thi

Hnh 1.4 - Nguyn l lm vic: + iu kin cho cc trig JK hot ng - u vo J = K = 1 - Xung CLK phi lt trng thi t 1 v 0 - u vo Reset = 1 + To mc logic CE0 = 1 (5V) + Ti thi im ban u CLK nhy t 1 v 0, lp tc u ra Q1 = 1, do CE0 = 1 cc CE u bng 0 nn cc u ra khc gi nguyn trng thi Qi = 0 . CE1 = 1 t iu kin cho trig JK th 2 hot ng. + Khi xung CLK nhy t 1 v 0, th lp tc Q1 nhy t 1 v 0 khi Q2 c iu kin hot ng lp tc nhy ln mc 1 cn cc Q1 khc gi nguyn trng thi c. + CE2 = 1 t iu kin cho trig JK th 3 hot ng v lp tc nhy ln 1.


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+ Nh vy trig JK ch lt trng thi khi trig JK cp thp hn n lt trng thi t 1 v 0 cc xung CLK c a vo song song cc trig JK. Cho nn b m s m tun t. + Xt tng dung lng b m: Khi cn m s lng xung ln hn 15, ngi ta khng ko di thm trig vo sau trig s 4 m ghp tng nhm 4 trig. Vic ghp lin tip cc b m 4 bit phI dng tn hiu nh E v CE, cc tn hiu ny c to bng cc mch logic ph. + u nhc im ca b m ng b so vi b m khng ng b: Trong mt b m ng b mi trig s thay i trng thi ng thi, ngha l chng c ng b ho theo theo mc tch cc ca xung nhp. Do khng ging nh b m khng ng b, nhng khong tr do truyn s khng c cng li vi nhau m n ch bao gm thi gian tr ca mt trig cng vi thi gian dnh cho cc mc logic mi truyn qua mt cng AND. Thi gian tr l nh nhau bt k b m c bao nhiu trig. Ni chung l thi gian tr b hn nhiu so vi b m khng ng b. Do , b m ng b c th hot ng tn s cao hn, d nhin mch in ca b m khng ng b phc tp hn. * B m thp phn m BCD: Vi b m modul 16, khi ht xung th 16 th QDQCQBQA=0000. Mun c b m modul 10 th n xung th 10 ta c QDQCQBQA=0000. Chng ta bit vi b m modul 16 n xung th 10 th QDQCQBQA=1010, c c


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QDQCQBQA=0000 th phi dp hai s 1 i. Mun vy ta phI a hai li ra QD v QB (c gi tr l 1 cn dp i) vo hai li vo ca mt cng NAND. xy dng b m thp phn c k 10 phi dng t nht 4FF. a) S ca b m BCD khng ng b m tin:

b) Gii thch s : S gm 4 trig ghp ni tip vi nhau. Ly trng thi 10 a quay tr v reset cc trig. u vo J=K=1 a ng thi vo cc trig, xung CLK c a vo trig c u ra c trng s nh nht ri ly u ra lm xung cho trig tip theo c u ra c trng s nh hn. V y l b m 10 (1010) nn c 6 trng thi khng xc nh. Ta ly u ra QB v QD cho qua cng NAND ri cng CLK qua mt cng AND vo reset. Cng AND gip ta xo b m v 0 ti thi im bt k. +B m BCD khng ng b m li ch cn ni Q(o) vi CLK. +B m BCD ng b th xung CLK c a ng thi vo cc trig (tng t b m nh phn).


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1.7. Gii m. Mch gii m l mch c n u vo v 2n u ra . B gii m cng l cc b bin i m , chng bin i t cc m nh phn BCD sang m nh phn hay m 7 on. xc nh b gi m chng c th p dng phng php thit k logic c bn. Hin nay ngi ta khng dng phng php trn m thng dng cc vi mch gii m c sn trn th trng. Gii m BCD sang m 7 on: - M nh phn BCD c chuyn sang thp phn v hin th cc s thp phn bng 7 on tng ng vi mi t hp xc nh .Cc thanh sng hin th cho ta mt ch s h 10. - Cc on a , b , c , d , e , f , g c th l :n LED mc ant chung hoc katt chung c ni qua cc in tr gii hn dng ti u ra ph hp ca b gii m. - Trong thc t ngi ta ch to sncc vi mch giI m nh phn ra m 7 an nh : Cc vi mch 7448 , 74LS48 , 7449 , 74LS49 l cc IC giI m 7 on c li ra tc ng mc cao , ta c th ding chung gii m t m BCD ra thp phn Quy lut hin th cc ch s thp phn ca cc vi mch ny v c bn l ging nhau nh bng chn l sau, ch khc i cht l s 6 khng dng thanh a v s 9 khng dng thanh d . Cc vi mch gii m 7 on 7447A, 74L47, 74S47 l cc vi mch 16 chn , s 6 v s 9 ch c 5 thanh sng ging nh 7448, 7449. Vi mch c li ra tc ng thp ( mc 0 ) nn n ch th 7 on c ant chung.


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1.7.1. LED 7 thanh. - LED 7 thanh l phn t hin th thng dng, hin th cc phn t s t 0 n 9 trong mt s h thp phn. N gm 7 thanh xp thnh hnh s 8, mi thanh l mt diode ( LED ) pht quang hoc hin th tinh th lng. iode thng c cu to t cc ch Ga , As , P n cng c tnh cht chnh lu nh diode thng. Nhng khi in p thun t nn diode vt qu mc ngng Ung no th diode sng. in p ngng thay i t 1,5 n 5 v tu theo tng loi c mu sc khc nhau. LED mu c in p ngng Ung = 1,6 n 2 v LED mu cam c in p ngng Ung = 2,2 n 3 v LED mu xanh l cy c in p ngng Ung = 2,8 n 3,2 v LED mu vng c in p ngng Ung = 2,4 n3, 2 v LED mu xanh ra tri c in p ngng Ung = 3 n 5 v 5.2 B gii m hin th ch s (LED 7 thanh ) `Thit k b gii m hin th cho LED 7 thanh vi tn hiu u vo l m BCD (8421). S khi

a D a

C

B

B g i i m

b c d e f g e

f g

b

c

A

d


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t 1.8. Cc linh kin lin quan .


Mch gm IC 7447 ,IC 74192 ,IC 7408 ,IC 7404 ,IC 7414, IC7486, IC7432 Chc nng cc IC IC 7414 :c chc nng chng nhiu cho b m mi khi

c xung nhp tc ng vo . S chn:

-

IC 7408 : l cc cng logic AND d liu quay v .

S chn:


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t -


IC 74192 :l b m thp phn BCD (8421) .

S chn:

74192 va c kh nng m tin va c kh nng m li. V th ta c th s dng vo mch m s xe trong gara. Bng vic kch tn hiu vo chn count up (4) v count down(5) ta c th thit lp cho IC thc hin m tin hoc li. Trong mch ta s dng 2 IC 74192: 1 IC thc hin m s xe vo, mt s xe thc hin m s x era. - IC 7447 : l IC gii m , c nhim v chuyn i t m nh phn u vo thnh mt tn hiu logic duy nht mt u ra no tng ng vi m nh phn tc ng .


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t S chn:


Trong mch ta s dng 2 IC 7447 gii m v hin th ra 2 led 7 thanh IC 7486: l IC cha 4 cng XOR cng nh phn. Dng

x l tn hiu cm bin a vo iu khin ng c v m s xe S chn:


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-

IC 7432: l ic cha 4 cng OR. Dng OR cc tn hiu

cm bin a vo chn set cho trigger JK ng m ca gara v thc hin m S chn:

-

IC 7476: l IC cha 2 triger JK. Dng 2 chn u ra Q v Q

o a tn hiu vo iu khin ng c ng m ca gara. S chn:


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-LED 7 thanh: c chc nng hin th s xe trong gara. IC 7447 s gii m t IC 74192 v hin th ra led 7 thanh


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t S chn:


- ng c 1 chiu : c tc dng m ca khi c tn hiu qua cm bin v ng cng khi d liu y ( 18 )


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PHN II : THIT K MCH M V HIN TH S XE TRONG GARA T

2.1. S khi.

Khi cm bin

Khi m

Khi gii m

Khi hin th

Khi iu khin

2.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca cc khi 2.2.1. Khi ngun


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t2.2.2. Khi cm bin:


- Nguyn l hot ng: Khi khng c t i qua mt nhn ca LED thu pht th LED thu pht hng ngoi sang cho LED thu lm cho LED thu dn mnh. Khi c t i qua che khut cp LED thu pht th LED thu dn yu v lm tng in tr ln . Khong cch b tr cm bin :Tu thuc vo vic chn cm bin v kch thc ca xe nhng nn b tr mt cp cm bin trc ca , mt cp gia ca v mt cp trong gara .Vic sp xp ny cn ph thuc vo kch thc thc t ca chiu di t .Chiu rng ca t cng nh hng n v tr t thu pht sao cho khong cch ny l ngn nht c th trnh nhiu .


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t 2.2.3. Khi m: S nguyn l mch m:


2.2.4. Khi gii m v hin th C chc nng gii m xung a t cm bin vo b m hin th trn led 7 thanh. S dng IC 7447 -S nguyn l mch gii m:


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2.2.5. Khi x l tn hiu v iu khin S nguyn l :


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Trng i Hc SPKT Hng Yn Khoa in in t 2.2.6. Mch m s xe ra vo Gara.


* Nguyn l hot ng Mch m ny c thit k cho loi gara c cng vo v ra khc nhau. - Khi c xe i vo gara: Cp thu pht th nht s c tn hiu tc ng vo chn CLK ca trigger JK lm cho Triger JK hot ng, u ra Q =1 v ng c quay theo chiu thun ko cnh gt cho t vo. Khi t i qua v tr cp thu pht th 2 th chn CLK s GVHD: V VN CHIN 41 -

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bng 0 nn u ra Q = 1 ng c gt s o chiu v ng cnh gt li. Tn hiu ca 2 cp cm bin ny cng tc ng vo chn count up ca IC 74192 v n s thc hin m mi khi c xe vo v s xe c hin th ln led 7 thanh. - Khi c xe i ra khi gara t: hot ng tng t khi c xe vo. Ch khc l tn hiu t cp cm bin s tc ng vo chn count down ca IC 74192 th 2 v IC ny s thc hin m li tc l gim i s xe cn li trong gara.


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TNG KT* Nhng thun li . Khi c giao ti th chng em c thy gio cho Tm hiu trn sch v , tham kho bn b xung quanh s nguyn l, c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy. c th hon thnh n. V khi lm mch in chng em c cc gio vin khoa v thy gio hng dn to iu kin trong khong thi gian cng chng em hon thnh tt n. Mt s linh kin r kim Khi lp rp mch th mt s linh kin cn phi thay Khi hn ln mch mt s linh kin b hng do nhit. Khi chy trn bo thi hay b nhiu . - Trong qu trnh tin hnh lp rp thc t chng em rt ra c mt s kinh nghim sau: gia l thuyt v thc hnh khng phi lc no cng chnh xc m trong qu trnh thc hnh chng ta cn chnh sa sao cho ph hp vi thc t. V trong thc t cc linh kin khi kt ni c s tn hao v in p v s tc ng ca mi trng bn ngoi. V d nh trong qu trnh lp rp mch giao thng chng em s dng cc cng logic nn c s tn hao v in p dn n cc trng thi hin th ca cc n khng chnh xc . * Nhng kh khn . i thng s cho ph hp vi ngun vo.

* Bi hc kinh nghim.


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TI LIU THAM KHO1. Bi ging mn K Thut S - Ebook - Ths ng Ngc Khoa 2. K THUT S - L Thuyt & Bi Tp - Tng Vn Ong NXB Lao ng X hi 3. Cc trag web lin quan: http://www.google.com.vn http://www.ebook.edu.vn http://hoiquandientu.com http://www.alldatasheet.com


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Mach Dem Xe Ra Vao Tai Gara

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