LUN NG &KHNG T

Tc gi: Nguyn Hin L

nh my: Thuocvien, GoldfishSa li chnh t: QuocSan, Goldfish

To eBook (25/11/11): QuocSanwww.e-thuvien.com

o Khng thc t nht,hp tnh hp l nht, y

nht, xt c v vic tu thn, tgia, tr quc. Vy m ti nay l

tng ca ng, nhn loi vncha theo c. V tu thn, ba

c nhn, tr, dng luyn c tnh cm, tr tu v ngh lc

ca con ngi.(Trch Hi K Nguyn Hin L) MC LC:

Li thaLun NgKhng TNh Gio H Khngc thm

LI THA

Do trong Li ni u cunKhng t, c Nguyn Hin Lbo: Trong tp ny c nhiu

ch dn chng Lun ng,nhng ti ch ghi xut x(thin no, bi no) chkhng chp li ht c, vvy c gi cn c bnLun ng ti dch v tracho tin.

v do trong cun Lun ng

v cun Khng T, c nhiuch c Nguyn Hin L bocoi cun Nh gio h Khng,nn chng ti gom c ba cun:Lun ng, Khng T v Nhgio h Khng vo trongeBook ny. Ngoi ra, trongphn c thm, chng ti cnchp mt s bi trch trong cctc phm sau y ca cNguyn Hin L: i cngtrit hc Trung Quc (sonchung vi c Gin Chi), S kca T M Thin (son chung

vi c Gin Chi), C vn TrungQuc v S Trung Quc. Goldfish

Thng 10/2011

LUN NG Nguyn Hin L

Ch dch v gii thiu

nh my: GoldfishSa li chnh t: QuocSan

MC LC:

Vi li tha trcGii thiu ngun gc v cc bn

Ngun gcCc bnNi dung v cch trnh byBn dch ca chng tiCc bng phn loi

Dch v ch thchThin I Hc Nhi

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16

Thin II Vi Chnh1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24

Thin III Bt Dt1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26

Thin IV L Nhn1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26

Thin V Cng D Trng1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,

24, 25, 26, 27Thin VI Ung D

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28

Thin VII Thut Nhi1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37

Thin VIII Thi B1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21

Thin IX T Hn1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30

Thin X Hng ng1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18

Thin XI Tin Tin1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25

Thin XII Nhan Uyn1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24

Thin XIII T L1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30

Thin XIV Hin Vn1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,44, 45

Thin XV V Linh Cng1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41

Thin XVI Qu Th1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14

Thin XVII Dng Ho1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26

Thin XVIII Vi T1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Thin XIX T Trng1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 25

Thin XX Nghiu Vit1, 2, 3

Ph lcKhng T

i sngLi sngNhn cch, tnh tnhDy hcCch dyKhng T t xt mnhKhng T xt ngi xa v nging thiNgi ng thi xt Khng TMn sinh Khng THc v tu dngCc c

X thCc hng ngiChnh tr

Tn ngi tn t tn triu iA, B, C, CH, D, , G, H, K, L, M,N, NG, PH, Q, S, T, TH, TR, V, Y

Nhng cu thng dnI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI,XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XVIII, XIX, XX

Vi li tha trc

Trong bi Li ni u cunKhng t, c Nguyn Hin Lcho bit i iu v vic dch lib Lun ng nh sau: Ti b ra hn hai thng

c li nhng sch vKhng t m ti c hocmn c (nh ca LChn V: Lch s t tngchnh tr Trung Quc ; Hungoi L: T tng c iTrung Quc ; Quan Phong

v Lm Dut Thi: Bn vKhng T u do ngoiBc dch); c li cc bndch v ch gii Lun ngca mnh, v ca TrungHoa (nh Lun ng cbn ca Thm Tri Phngv Tng B Tim, Lunng dch ch ca TriuThng; li b ra hn haithng na dch li bLun ng, va dch vaphn loi theo ti lpbng tra tn ngi, tn t.

Trong cun Lun ng ny,c Nguyn Hin L c ni r lbi XVI.1 c dch li: trongch thch bi , c vit: Biny chng ti dch trong cunNh gio h Khng (CoThm, 1972), nay dch li. Ngoi bi XVI.1 dntrong cun Nh gio h Khngc c dch li, cn nhiu bikhc na c c dn trongmt s tc phm khc cngc c dch li mc du trongcun Lun ng ny c khng

nu ra, v d nh (mi tc phmti ch chn mt bi): - Bi II.2: Trong b i cng

vn hc s Trung Quc , cuThi tam bch, nht ngn dt chi, vit: T v t, cNguyn Hin L dch l: C300 thin trong Kinh Thi, chmt cu c th trm c, l:khng ngh by. Trong cunLun ng, c dch li, c bitl ba ch t v t, nh sau:Kinh Thi c ba trm thin,mt li bao qut tt c, l

t tng thun chnh. - Bi VI.8: Trong b Mc hc,

cu V chi, mnh h ph? Tnhn d nhi hu t tt d!,c dch l: Con [tc BNgu] sp mt. S mnh thi. Ngi nh vy m bnhnh vy!; Trong cun Lunng, c hiu ch v theomt ngha khc, v c cu c li thnh: V l! Domnh tri chng? Con nginh vy m b bnh !

- Bi VIII.3: Trong b Trang t

Nam hoa kinh, cu Nhikim nhi hu, ng tri minph, tiu t (li ca Tngt), c dch l: T y v sauta mi bit chc rng ta gic (thn ta) khi cc iuh hng, tn tt cc tr.Trong cun Lun ng, c dchli l: T nay v sau, ta mibit thot khi hnh lc, cc tr (c hiu hai chmin ph theo mt nghakhc).

- Bi XVIII.6: Trong b i

cng trit hc Trung Quc ,cu Thao thao gi thin hgiai th d, nhi thu d dchchi, hai c Gin Chi vNguyn Hin L dch l: aa nh nc chy mt chiu,thin h u th c, ai mtheo mnh sa i vic lonra tr. Trong cun Lun ng,c Nguyn Hin L dch li(c bit l hai ch thaothao): Khp thin h uu cng l dng nc (c)cun cun, ng Khng Khu

s cng vi ai m sa thinh?

L do khc bit trong hai lndch bi VI.8 l do ch trongnguyn vn. Trong b Mc hc,c Nguyn Hin L c ch l vong v dch theo nghaca ch l cht mt; cntrong cun Lun ng c c lv v dch theo ngha ca chv l khng[1]. Cng ctrng hp c khc nhng ngha cng vy nh ch trong bi XI.25, trong cun C

vn Trung Quc , c c lsn (Thiu Chu cng c lsn); cn trong cun Lunng, c c l thn, nhngngha cng vn l mm ci.Nhn vt Nh Bi trong biXVII.20 cun Lun ng, chHn l , trong cun Nhgio h Khng (bi Dng Ho 19) gi l Nh Bi. Cng trong cun C vnTrung Quc , c Nguyn HinL t ng rng thin Hngng (thin X) l do ngi sau

chp thm; c bo: () hnhnh cng c vi ch do ngii sau vit thm, chng hnnh thin Hng ng. Nhngtrong cun Lun ng ny vtrong cun Khng t na,chng ta khng thy c nhc li nghi ng na.

Cun Lun ng m ti chpli y l theo ebook do mtbn tr, bn PNT, gi tng.Ebook , v sau gi l ebookngun, khng ghi tn nh xut

bn v nm xut bn. Theo nhba ng trn tranghttp://www.sachbaovn.vn/sach/khoa-hoc-xa-hoi-MTg/luan-ngu-MTkwQw th nh xut bn lnh Vn hc (ti tm dng nh, sa li i cht lm nhba cho ebook mi ny). Trong ebook ngun cngkhng chp ch Hn, cc chHn trong ebook mi ny l doti ghi thm da theo cc bnLun ng ang lu hnh trnmng, c bit l bn Khng t

Lun ng do Nguyn ThinTh ch dch hin ang phbin trn website Sn TrungTh Trang [2]. Bn ca NguynThin Th v bn ca cNguyn Hin L c vi chkhng ging nhau. Sau y lvi v d v ch Hn khc nhau: - Trong bi I.6, Nguyn Thin

Th chp l: phm i chng nhi thnnhn v dch l: Thngmi ngi, m gn gi nginhn c; tng ng vi ch

phm , c Nguyn HinL chp l phim [] vdch l: yu khp mi ngim gn gi ngi nhn c.

- Trong bi II.16, Nguyn ThinTh chp l: Cng h d oan t hi dk v dch l Nghin cuvic hoang ng th c hicho mnh; ch cui, cNguyn Hin L chp l d[] v dch l: Chuyn tmnghin cu nhng cc oanth c hi.

- Trong bi IX.3, Nguyn ThinTh chp l: tuy vinchng v dch l: tri vi ichng; c Nguyn Hin Lchp l: tuy vi chng (tc ) v dch l: tuy tri vis ng.

Ti cng tham kho bnLun ng do Phng Hoi Ngcbin dch v bn lun ng trnhttp://giangnamlangtu.wordpress.com/2011/07/09/lu%E1%BA%ADn-ng%E1%BB%AF-kh%E1%BB%95ng-

t%E1%BB%AD/. Bn nycng c vi ch khc bit vibn ca c Nguyn Hin L, vd nh: - Trong bi II.16, Phng Hoi

Ngc chp l: Cng h d oan t hi dd v dch l: Ph b m tnd oan, ci hi s tiu tan.Phng Hoi Ngc khng chthch, nhng ta c th onc tc gi hiu tng tnh li ch thch ca cNguyn Hin L: C ngi

hiu khc: cng [] l cngkch, d [] ngha l [] (ch):cng kch nhng ci cc oanth ngn c hi.

- Trong bi I.13, Phng HoiNgc chp li ca Hu t (tcHu Nhc) nh sau: , Nhn bttht k thn, dic kh tngd, v dch l: V khngmt i s thn cn l ngha nn gi c tng php. CNguyn Hin L th dch l:Thn cn vi ngi ng cho

mnh thn cn (tc ngi cc nhn) th ngi mnhc th tn knh c (hocnng nh ngi ng chomnh thn cn ngi c cnhn th ngi c th lmch mnh c), v chthch: Ch nhn y c thhiu l thn cn hay nngnh. Ch tn c th hiu lknh m coi l ch mnh.Nguyn vn ch nhn,trong bn ngun khng chpch Hn nh ti ni trn,

nhng hu ht cc bn trnmng, tr bn Phng HoiNgc ra, u chp l .

Ngoi vic ghi thm ch Hnv cc ch thch, trong phnPh lc ti cn chp trn titLun ng trong cun C vnTrung Quc [3]. Trong tit cNguyn Hin L gii thiu tcphm Lun ng v ba bi: I.1,VII.14 v XI.25. Chng ti xin chn thnhcm n bn PNT v xin trn

trng gii thiu cng cc bn. Goldfish

Thng 7 nm 2011B sung thng 9 nm 2011

GII THIUNGUN GC V CC BN

B Lun ng ng u trongT th. Ti ngh nu b ra bnnm chc bi chp ngn hnhca cc mn sinh nh Tng T,T H, Hu Nhc, T Du, TTrng m trong tp Khng t(thin IV) ti gii thiu slc, ch gi li ht nhng bichp ngn hnh ca Khng t khong 500 bi, ton b gmkhong nm trm ri bi th

Lun ng ng gi l Kinh.Tt c cc hc gi t xa tinay u coi n l kinh caKhng gio, cng nh o ckinh l kinh ca Lo gio. Ncn chp trung thc t tngca Khng t, ng tin hno c kinh na, v b nygm nhiu bi do ngi sauthm vo, (coi b Lo t chngti son m cha xut bnc)[4]. Do , mun tm hiuhc thuyt ca Khng t thphi cn c trc ht vo Lun

ng, v chn phn mi KinhTh, Kinh L, Trung dung,Mnh t, t tng khng cnng ca Khng t (mc ducng c im ging); i hcc h thng qu (c nh cnng khng phi ca Tng tvit); Trung dung c mt phnsiu hnh m Khng t trnhsiu hnh; cn Mnh t phngi phn duy tm ca Khngt. V nhng l , trong cunNh gio h Khng v cun

Khng t[5] chng ti rng chdng Lun ng trnh by ttng ca Khng.

NGUN GC

Lun ng c bi do mn sinhca Khng t chp, nh biXIV.1: Hin vn s. T vit: Banghu o, cc; bang v o, cc,s d[6]. Nguyn Hin t xng tnnh vy, th chnh l ng tachp. C trng hp nh trong khihc, mn sinh nghe ging iu

g th chp ngay li cho khiqun, nh T Trng trong biXV.5, chp li ca Khng tvo dy ai, ri sau truyn licho mn sinh. C nhiu bi do hng mnsinh ti truyn (tc mn sinhca mn sinh) chp, nh thinI, bi 2 bt u bng: Hu tvit, bi 4 bt u bng Tngt vit v.v u l hc tr caHu Nhc, v ca Tng Smchp, v theo l trong Lun ng,tr Khng t, m bt k mn

sinh no d trc truyn hay titruyn, cng gi l t hocphu t (hoc Khng t nhcc bi XV.12-11); cn ccmn sinh ca Khng t th cba trng hp nh sau: Ti ly v d. A v B uhc Khng t, h l ng mnvi nhau. B dy hc c mt hctr tn C. Trng hp th nht: A hayB khi chp hay ni v mnh, thxng tn tc, chng hn oan

Mc T[7] t xng l T, NhanHi t xng l Hi. Trng hp th hai: B ni vA (ni v bn), hoc C ni v A(tc ni v bn ca thy mnh)th c th gi A: - bng tn t (nh T Cng l

tn t ca oan Mc T, TUyn l tn t ca Nhan Hi).

- hoc bng c h v tn tc(nh oan Mc T, NhanHi).

- hoc bng tn h v tn t

(nh Nhan Uyn Nhan lh, Uyn l t).

A ni v B cng theo nhngcch gi tn . Trng hp ba: C ni v B,tc ni v thy hc ca mnh,th gi l t, t t sau hca thy mnh (hc tr ca HuNhc gi Hu Nhc l Hut, hc tr ca Tng Sm giTng Sm l Tng t, chkhng gi l Tng Sm, hocT D tn t ca Tng Sm).

Vy nhng bi bt u bngHu t vit hoc Tng t vit,u l ca hng mn sinh titruyn li. C th rng sau khi Khngt mt, cc mn sinh thu thpli dy ca thy, truyn chonhau, mt s ngi chp lidng dy hc, khi cht, thhc tr ca h li c li caKhng t ln li ca h. Ngi cui cng chp li lai? Theo Liu Tn Nguyn i

ng th c l l mt hc trca Tng Sm. C thuyt bo rng TngSm km Khng t 46 tui,sinh vo khong 505, cht nm428. C sch li ni Tng Smcht nm L Nguyn cngnguyn nin, tc Chu Khovng ng nin: 436[8]. Sai nhautm nm, l t y. Vy Lunng khng th xut hin trc436 c. C th cn sau kh lu na,

v thin VIII chp Tng Smtrc khi mt c khuyn MnhKnh t v cch c x cangi cm quyn (VIII.4).Mnh Knh t tn l Trng.Knh t l tn thu, cht sauTng Sm; m bi ghi tnthu tn t cho ngi cht,theo hnh vi hi sinh tin tcl chp sau khi Mnh Knh tcht. Bi do mt mn sinh caTng Sm chp, cho nn giTng Sm l Tng t, m trong

Lun ng, s bi chp ngnhnh ca Tng Sm nhiu hns bi v cc mn sinh khcca Khng t. Cho nn thuytca Liu Tn Nguyn tin c. V chng ta c th tm ktlun rng b Lun ng do nhiungi ghi v xut hin smcng vo khong by tm chcnm sau Khng t mt.

CC BN

Lun ng c ph bint thi Tin Tn. Tn Thu Hong thng nhtTrung Quc ri, ra lnh tsch, chn nho, nhng thi giao thng cn km, s kimsot khng th cht ch lm,m Tn gi ngi khng clu, nn lnh ch thi hnh trit nhng ni gn kinh vchung quanh cc th trn, cn

trong dn gian cc min xa xi,vn cn ngi ln lc gi c,c k hc thuc lng cLun ng v lc kinh. Nh Hn dit Tn ri, blnh i th ngi ta thu thpc ba bn Lun ng: Bn LLun ca ngi nc L; bnT Lun ca ngi nc T(hai bn ny c chp bngth ch c Tn sa i vthng nht, gi l kim vn tckim t); v bn C Lun (chpbng c vn, tc c t, th ch

dng thi trc). Bn C Lunny do L Cung cng (cui iHn V ) sai ph nh Khngt m tm c trong tng,cng vi cc b Thng Th,L K, Hiu Kinh. L Lun c 20 thin, TLun cng c 20 thin ,thm hai thin na: Vn vngv Tri o , nh vy l 22 thinc thy. C Lun cng ch c20 thin nh L Lun, nhngthin cui: Nghiu vn chialm hai t cu: T Trng vn

Khng t: H nh t kh dtng chnh h tr i (tc biXX.2 trong bn dch ca chngti, gi l Tng thin. Vy l CLun chi lm 21 thin, hai thincui rt ngn. Theo H n i Ngu, trongs 20 thin L v T u c thchng c trong T Lun nhiuhn trong L Lun; m th tcc thin trong C Lun cngkhc trong T v L Lun. u i Hn, hai bn L v

T u c truyn (ng thyno mun dng bn no thdng); bn C Lun khngc truyn, khng hiu tisao. T i Hn Thnh (327trc Cng nguyn), hai bn Tv L c hp nht; ri cuii ng Hn, Trnh Huyn bhai thin Vn vng v Tri otrong T Lun i, hp nht cba bn. H n i Ngu c l l

ngi u tin gii thch Lunng, bn Lun ng tp gii cang cn truyn n ngy nay.i Tng, Chu Hi cng chthch v bn Lun ng tp chca ng khng khc bn caH n bao nhiu. Hai bn lchnh, cn nhiu bn khc na. nc ta t xa ch dng bnca Chu Hi v cc nh dchLun ng trong gi na th knay cng ch theo ch thch caChu Hi.

NI DUNG V CCHTRNH BY

c cc c th i TinTn, nh Mc t, o ckinh, Trang t chng ta gprt nhiu ch rt ti ngha vchp lm, thiu st v nhiu chdo ngi sau ngu tc, thmvo. Lun ng khng trnh khitnh trng . C mt hai ch thot lu,

nh bi X.18, khng ai hiu ngha ra sao, mi ngi onmt khc, v ngi ta ng rngmt mt vi cu u hoc cui. Bi XVIII.11 k cc, chptm k s i Chu chng cting tm g m c v bn cpsinh i ca mt hay nhiu gianh no , lm g vy?chng hc gi no ging ni. C t cu ngi ta ng tln ch, ng l bi khc,

nh: - cui bi XII.10 c 2 cu:

Thnh bt d ph, dic chi dd trong Kinh Thi[9], dnlm vo nn cc sch ub;

- cui bi XVI.12 c cu: Kt chi v d?[10] cng ut lm vo, hoc thiu mtvi ch g trn cu , nnkhng ai hiu ni.

Hai bi XVII.5 v 7, T Lcan Khng t ng nhn li

mi ca Cng Sn Pht Nhiuv ca Bt Ht, b Lng KhiSiu trong C th chn ngucp k nin i ng l khngng, nhng Lng cha ac c xc ng. C bn nm bi trng xut,nh: - IX.24 I.8, - XV.23 XII.2[11], - XIV.26 VIII.14, - XVII.17 I.3. Li khng ng k.

Nm thin cui (XVI-XX)c nhiu iu kh nghi: - Thng l th Lun ng gi

Khng t l T m thin XVIli gi l Khng t, v 4 bi22, 23, 24, 25 thin XIX ligi l Trng Ni.

- Vic chp trong bi XVI.1khng chc ng v theoTin Mc, Nhim Hu v QuL khng h ng thi gipvic cho Qu th; hai vic trongbi XVII.5 v 7, Lng Khi

Siu cng khng tin. - Thin XVII ton chp dt s

ca ngi trc v nging thi vi Khng t,khng lin quan g n thytr h Khng.

- Thin XIX ton chp li bnv o ca mn Khng t:T Trng, T H, T Du,Tng t, khng c mt lino ca Khng t.

Do nhng l k trn, mt shc gi cho rng nm thin cui

c thm vo sau v khngng tin nh nhng thin trn. iu bt tin cho chng tanht l mn sinh ghi chp vntt li ca Khng t, khng chobit nhng li ni vo lcno, trong hon cnh no,thnh th, c nhiu bi chng takhng bit chc c t tng,hnh vi ca Khng t ra sao. Th d bi II.6, Mnh V Bhi v o hiu, Khng t p:Ph mu duy k tt chi u[12].

Li rt d dng nh vy c bacch hiu:

1. Cha m ch lo cho con bnhtt. (Khng t munkhuyn Mnh V B nngi gn sc kho cho cham khi lo).

2. Ngi con c hiu th thntrng mi vic, khng lmg cho cha m phi lo, duyc bnh tt l khng dphng c. Cch hiu ny

cng ging nh cch hiutrn: lm con phi chm scsc kho ca mnh; ch hiunh cch trn th l li trchmt ngi chi bi qu ,hiu theo cch di thkhng c trch, m nhnrng Mnh V B rt ngn.

3. Cch hiu th ba tri hn,(cho ch k ch cha m, haicch trn ch k ch con)[13]v cu ca Khng t phidch l: Ngi con m lo

cho cha m bnh tt (htsc sn sc sc kho cacha m) l ngi con chiu.

Gi m ngi chp cho tabit Mnh V B l ngi rasao (c gi gn sc kho camnh khng, hoc c thng lov sc kho ca cha m khng)th chng ta khng cn thcmc na. Nht l bi V.21, Khng tchn nn cnh bn ba, mun v

L dy hc; ngi chp khngcho ta bit vic xy ra hino, trc khi ng b nn Bnm 494, hay Qu Khang tmi Nhim Cu[14] v L gipmnh, nm 492, hay l vo chai ln nh T M Thin chp? Bi XV.1, V Linh Cng hing v chin trn (ng pkhng bit). ng ti V lnno, v trc sau ng ti Vnm ln, bn ln u Linh Cngcn sng?

Cn nhiu bi khc, khngsao k ht. Do m nhiu khingi ta khng bit chc ttng cng i sng ca ng.Nin biu no lp v i ngcng ch l phng chng, miiu trng c nm l may. Chng ti ch nhn xt nhvy thi, khng c trch cnhn: cc mn sinh ca Khngt khng c nhng phng tind dng ghi chp nh chngta ngy nay, ngn ng ca hdng cch nay hai ngn ri

nm; m h khng c vitsch cho i sau, ch mun ghili li thy nh ri truyncho con chu, hc tr thi, chonn khng th chp tht minhbch nh chng ta mun c.Chng ta cn nn khen b Lunng so vi b o c kinh,b Trang t, xut hin sau cnsng sa hn nhiu, nht l ghimt cch trung thc, t m ngnhnh ca Khng t, thnh mttc phm ng tin cy nht vhc thuyt Khng t.

Mt im chung na ccsch thi u Chin Quc l strnh by rt ln xn. Lun ng tuy chia lm 20thin, nhng ngoi thin X(Hng ng chp v lisng, cch c x hng ngy caKhng t triu nh[15], lngxm v nh) l tng i nhttr, cn 19 thin kia th khngc ch g c, gp u chpny, v nhn, hiu, l, v chnhtr, v vn hc, v hnh vi ca

Khng t, tm s ca ng, ch ca mn sinh v.v, c vithin li xen vo dm ba bi vngn hnh ca mn sinh na.V vy m ngi xa phily vi ch u mi thin lmnhan cho thin, nh Hcnhi, Ung d, T hn[16] l i khi v ni dung vs trnh by. V gi tr ngh thut, thchng ta phi nhn rng rt cao:li c ng; ngha su sc, m

chp t s, miu t tnh tnhhnh ng ca nhn vt nhiukhi linh ng. Trong cun Cvn Trung Quc (Tao n -1966), chng ti gii thiuba bi[17]: I.1 Hc nhi thi tp chi VII.14 Phu t v V qunh? XI.25 Khng t hi v chhng ca mt s mn sinh. Cn nhiu bi na nh: XVI.1 Khng t mng

Nhim Cu khng bit can Quth ng nh Chuyn Du. IX.11 Khng t mng T Lmun tng mnh nh mt iphu. V.25 Khng t hi chhng mn sinh v t chhng ca mnh. Cng u lnhng tiu phm bt h trongvn hc Trung Quc. y l cha k my chc cuca Khng t rt gn m thmthu ng gi l chm ngn

hoc c coi l thnh ngnh: dc tc bt t, ho nhibt ng, n c tri tn, dtrc bo on, qun t ccng, ph qu nh ph vn,h mc bt kh iu, danhchnh ngn thun v.v

BN DCH CA CHNGTI

Chng ta c c ba bnbn Lun ng. Bn u tin tic bit l bn ca c LngVn Can, mng khong trmtrang tr li, ch la mt s bi dy hc tr; bn ny khngkim c, ngay c trong thvin cng khng chc cn; haibn gn y nht, nhiu gianh cn gi l bn ca onTrung Cn in ln u Si Gn

nm 1954, v bn ca L PhcThin, gm ba tp, xut bn Si Gn t nm 1962 n nm1967. My bn u cng phuc, c nguyn vn ch Hn,phin m v ch thch, nhngu theo cch hiu ca Chu Hiv u khng phn loi cc bi,khng c bng tn ngi v tnt, bt tin cho vic tra cu. Chng ti tham kho thmmt s bn ch gii v bn dch

khc, c bit l bn Lun ngc bn ca Thm Tri Phngv Tng B Tim, nh KhaiMinh xut bn Hng Cnggm hai tp, bn Lun ng chdch ca Triu Thng, nh HuLin xut bn cng HngCng nm 1967 v bn Lunng nh thp ging ca VngHng Minh Trung Hoa Thcc i Loan 1958, bitthm cch hiu mt s hc giTrung Hoa xa v nay. Bi no c nhiu cch hiu

th chng ti la ly mt v phn ch thch ghi thm vikin gii khc. S la chn ch l kin ring ca ti thi,khng c gi tr g hn nhngla chn khc. Lm nh vychng ti ch mong thot rakhi li hiu chnh thng caTng nho, rng tm hiu ttng Khng t theo mt tinhthn khch quan v gip c githy c nhiu li hiu phn on. Ti cng tham kho thm li

dch ca Lm Ng ng, hcgi ny thnh thong c nhng mi m, khc ngi; sau cngc un Confucius ca Etiemble(Gallimard 1966) cng gip tic t nhiu. Mi bn nh s theo mtcch, phn nhiu theo li caChu Hi. Chng ti theo li caTriu Thng (sch dn). Th d bi u thin V(Cng D Trng) chp vicKhng t g con gi ca anh

cho Nam Dung. Chu Hi chialm hai bi: bi V.I ni v CngD Trng, V.2 ni v NamDung. Triu Thng gom lithnh mt[18]. Do s th t ca bitrong bn dch ca Triu Thngv ca chng ti khc vi nhiubn lu hnh. Nu theo s cachng ti m tm khng ra trongcc bn ca c gi c, th tmngc ln hay tm xui xungmt vi bi s thy.

CC BNG PHN LOI

Cui bn dch, chng tithm nhiu bng phn loi vhai bng nhn danh. Vic phn loi phc tp vtn cng lm. B Lun nggm 20 thin, trn nm trmnm chc bi. C bi ch gmtm ch nh bi IX.1: T hnngn li d mnh d nhn,mun phn loi cho k th phisp vo 4 loi: li, mnh, nhn

v cch dy ca Khng t. Mt bi di hn c tn nhiungi, thm tn t na, th ckhi phi sp vo chn mi ch. Rt t bi ch ch cn sp vomt hai ch. a s sch phisp vo bn nm ch. Nh vy,nm trm ri bi phi sp vokhong hai ngn ch l t, bttin cho vic tra cu. Mun dtra th phi rt bt i cho gintin hn; tm chnh ca mibi m sp thi. Nh bi IX.1,

theo ti, chnh (tm gi nhvy) ch li; v li sp vomc li (ngha, li) d kimhn l sp vo mc nhn[19] vtrong Lun ng c rt t bi niv li v rt nhiu bi ni vnhn; cho nn ti ch sp vomc ngha, li ri ghi: IX.1(T hn ngn li), m khi spvo cc mc mnh, nhn,cch dy ca Khng t. Sp theo cch th gim ic nhiu, mc ch chnh l nhng ngi quen vi Lun

ng dng. c gi no chaquen vi Lun ng tt kh trahn chng ti, chng ti nhxin li nhng v . V tn ngi, chng ti lphai bng, mt bng cho ccngi khng phi l mn sinhKhng t, mt bng ring chocc mn sinh. Chng ti phi phn bit bnloi v mn sinh:

1. bi Khng t xt mn sinh;

2. bi mn sinh xt Khng;3. bi chp ngn hnh mt s

mn sinh c ting;4. nhng bi khc ch nhc ti

tn mn sinh thi (loi nynhiu nht).

Nh vy cng l chng tid kim. Sau cng, cui sch, chngti thm mt bng na: nhngcu thng dn; gm c mts bi c chm ngn ca Khngt hoc nhng cu thnh ng

Nhiu ln mun kim nhngthnh ng nh n c tri tn,qu do bt cp, d trc boon, nhn nng hong o,phi o hong nhn v.v u m ngi phi lt coi tngthin mt, tn c gi cha chctm c, v vy ti gom gpnhng cu cho vo mt bngring. Bng ny ch c vi tranggip ti rt nhiu. Nhng bng phn loi ktrn phi dng lu ri mi thykhuyt im, cn phi sa i,

sp li, b tc. Nu sau ny cnth gi, ti s lm cng vic .

DCH V CH THCH

THIN IHC NHI

I.1[20]

T vit: Hc nhi thi tpchi, bt dic duyt[21] h? Hubng t vin phng lai, btdic lc h, nhn bt tri nhi btun, bt dic qun t h? Dch. Khng t ni: Hcm mi bui tp, chng cngthch ? (Khi hc tn ti ri)

c bn[22] (cng ch hng) xanghe ting m tm li ( bn vo l vi nhau) chng cng vui? Nhng nu khng ai bit timnh m mnh khng hn ginth chng cng qun t[23] ?

I.2

Hu t vit: K vi nhn dhiu nhi hiu phm thnggi tin h. Bt hiu phmthng nhi hiu tc lon gi, vchi hu d. Qun t v bn,bn lp nhi o sinh. Hiu d gi, k vi nhn chi bn d. Dch. Hu t ni: Lmngi, c nt hiu, th aidm xc phm b trn. Khngthch xc phm b trn mthch lm lon th cha tng c.

Ngi qun t chm ch vovic gc, gc m vng th oc sinh ra. Hiu, l ci gcca c nhn y chng? Ch thch. Hu t, hHu, tn Nhc, ngi ncL, hc tr Khng t, c bnhc knh mn. Ch qun t y nn hiul ngi cm quyn, nh vybi ny l li khuyn hngngi tr dn; nhng cng cth hiu l ngi c o c.

I.3

T vit: Xo ngn, lnh sc,tin h nhn. Dch. Khng t ni: Ninng kho lo, nt mt gi bnim n, hng ngi t clng nhn.

I.4

Tng t vit: Ng nht tamtnh ng thn: V nhn mu nhibt trung h? D bng hu giaonhi bt tn h? Truyn bt cph? Dch. Tng t[24] ni: Mingy ti t xt ba vic: Lmvic g cho ai, c ht lngkhng? Giao thip vi bn b,c thnh tn khng? Thy dycho iu g, c hc tp (chonhun) khng?

I.5

T vit: o thin thng chiquc, knh s nhi tn, tit dngnhi i nhn, s dn d thi. Dch. Khng t ni: Trmt nc (ch hu khng lnkhng nh) c ngn c xe thphi thn trng trong vic mthnh tht vi dn, khng lngph l yu dn, khin dn lmvic, phi hp thi (khi dnrnh vic nng).

I.6

T vit: t nhp tchiu, xut tc , cn nhi tn,phim i chng[25] nhi thnnhn; hnh hu d lc tc dhc vn. Dch. Khng t ni: Conem (thanh nin) trong nh thhiu, tho vi cha m, ra ngoith knh nhng bc huynhtrng, thn trng li ni mthnh thc, yu khp mi ngim gn gi ngi nhn c; lm

c th vy ri m cn d scth s hc vn (tc hc Thi,Th, L, Nhc, Dch).

I.7

T H[26] vit: Hin hind[27] sc, s ph mu nng kitk lc, s qun nng tr k thn,d bng hu giao, ngn nhi hutn, tuy vit v hc, ng tt v chihc h. Dch. T H ni: Tntrng ngi hin, coi thngsc p, ht lng th cha m,liu thn th vua, giao thip vibn b th n ni phi tht tnh,(ngi nh vy) tuy cha h

hc g ti cng cho l hcri.[28]

I.8

T vit: Qun t bt trngtc bt uy, hc tc bt c; chtrung tn, v hu bt nh k gi,qu tc vt n ci. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t khng trangtrng th khng uy nghi, hc ttkhng vng (khng t l);chuyn ch vo s trung tn,khng kt bn vi ngi khng(trung tn) nh mnh; c li thch ngi sa i.

I.9

Tng T vit: Thn chungtruy vin, dn c qui hu h. Dch. Tng t ni: Thntrng trong tang l cha m, truynim v t t t tin xa, th cca dn s thun hu.

I.10

T Cm[29] vn T Cng[30]vit: Phu t ch th bang d,tt vn k chnh, cu chi d, cd chi d. T Cng vit: Phu t n,lng, cung, kim, nhng dc chi. Phu t chi cu chi d,k ch d h nhn chi cu chid? Dch. T Cm hi TCng: Thy mnh (y tr

Khng t) ti nc no cngc nghe chnh s nc ,nh vy l thy cu nghe hay lnh cm quyn t bo chobit? T Cng p: Thy mnhc thi n ho, lng thin,cung thun, tit kim, khimtn, nh vy m ngi ta bocho bit. Vy cch cu ngheca thy mnh hoc gi c chkhng ging cch cu nghe cangi khc chng?

I.11

T vit: Ph ti, quan kch; ph mt, quan k hnh; tamnin v ci ph chi o, khv hiu h. Dch. Khng t ni: Chacn th xt ch hng cangi, cha mt ri th xt hnhvi ca ngi, ba nm sau mkhng thay i khun php (ttp) ca cha th c th gi l chiu.

Ch thch. Nguyn vn chdng ch o. Chng ti ngh gi o th phi tt p, ctt p th con mi nn ging; h ba nm ht tang mcn gi c th tt s gi choi. Cn iu khng thin cacha th khng th gi l oc, c th sa i lin. C nhn c ngi hiu khc:d cha sinh tin c lm g trio th ngi con c hiu cngkhng n sa i ngay, m iht tang cha .

I.12

Hu t vit: L chi dng,ha vi qu. Tin vng chi ot vi m, tiu i do chi. Hu sbt hnh, tri ha nhi ha, bt dl tit chi, dic bt kh hnhd. Dch. Hu t ni: Cngdng ca l nghi, qu nht liu ho (cho thch hp, choho hp). Php tr nc catin vng nh m hon m,vic ln vic nh u theo l c.

Tuy nhin, c iu ny (tinvng) khng lm: bit cngdng ca l l ho, m ch trngho (kh), khng dng l titch (th s phng ng). lvic khng nn lm. Ch thch. bi ny cngnh cu ho nhi bt lu(ho m khng phng tng)trong Trung dung.

I.13

Hu t vit: Tn cn ngha, ngn kh phc d. Cungcn l, vin s nhc d. Nhnbt tht k thn, dic kh tnd. Dch. Hu t ni: Lic hn phi hp ngha th migi c. Cung knh phi hpl th mi trnh c nhc.Thn cn vi ngi ng chomnh thn cn (tc ngi cc nhn) th ngi mnh c

th tn knh c (hoc nngnh ngi ng cho mnh thncn ngi c c nhn thngi c th lm ch mnhc). Ch thch. Ch nhn [] y c th hiu l thn cnhay nng nh. Ch tn [] cth hiu l knh m coi l chmnh.

I.14

T vit: Qun t, thc vcu bo, c v cu an, mn s nhi thn ngn, tu hu onhi chnh yn, kh v hiu hcd d. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t n khng cuc y , khng cu cyn vui, lm vic sing nng mthn trng li ni, tm ngio c (th gio) sa mnh;nh vy c th gi l ngi ham

hc. Ch thch. Thc v cubo, c v cu an: khng hiutheo ngha tng ch. Khng tmun ni: nn thn trng ns sa mnh hn ci n ci .

I.15

T Cng vit: Bn nhi vsim, ph nhi v kiu, h nh? T vit: Kh d; v nhcbn nhi lc, ph nhi hiu l gid. T Cng vit: Thi vn:Nh thit nh tha, nh trcnh ma K t chi v d? T vit: T d, thy kh dngn Thi d h, co ch vng nhitri lai gi.

Dch. T Cng hi:Ngho m khng nnh, gium khng kiu, hng ngi ra sao? Khng t p: Kh y;nhng cha bng ngho m vui,giu m thch gi l. T Cng tha: Kinh Thi ccu: Nh ct sng b, nh giang voi, nh o ngc p, nhmi qu. ngha nh vychng? Khng t khen: T, nh

anh mi ng cho ta ging KinhThi cho. V bo cho iu trcm anh hiu c iu sau.

I.16

T vit: Bt hon nhn chibt k tri, hon bt tri nhn d. Dch. Khng t ni:ng lo ngi khng bitmnh, ch lo mnh khng bitngi. Ch thch. Lo mnh khngbit ngi l lo khng bitngi no hin theo, ngixu trnh. Nn so snh bthon nhn chi bt k tri trong

bi ny vi nhn bt tri nhi btun trong bi u.

THIN IIVI CHNH

II.1

T vit: Vi chnh d c, thnh bc thn, c k s nhichng tinh cng chi. Dch. Khng t ni: Lmchnh tr (tr dn) m dng c( cm ho dn) th nh saobc u mt ni m cc ngisao khc hng v c (tc:

thin h theo v). Ch thch. y l chtrng v vi ca Khng: khngphi dng hnh php, trnhc mi phin phc, chngc mi bin ng.

II.2

T vit: Thi tam bch, nhtngn d t chi, vit: T v t. Dch. Khng t ni: KinhThi c ba trm thin, mt li bao qut tt c, l t tngthun chnh. Ch thch. Kinh Thi c311 thin nhng su thin chc tn m mt li, cn li l 305thin; ni l 300 l s chn. Trnh t[31] cho rng ch t

khng c ngha l tri vi chnh,m c ngha tri vi thnh thc:li no trong Kinh Thi cng tng s thc, c thnh thcmi cm c ngi. Nhiunh theo cch hiu ca Trnh tv trong Kinh Thi c nhiu bit tnh luyn i ca trai gi, saoc th bo l v t l thunchnh c. C ngi ngh: nhng bi cadao t tnh trai gi yu nhau,bt k dn tc no cng rtnhiu. Khng t san nh

Kinh Thi, tt b i mt s;v nhng bi gi li, c th ngcho l v hi: tnh trong tnhin, chnh ng. ng khng qu nghim khcnh cc nh nho thi sauchng? Thuyt ny c ngicho l sai: Khng t khng hsan Kinh Thi, ng gi ; v tv t[32] l thi ca ta nnc khi c Kinh Thi. Nhngtheo nguyn vn th Khng txt v Kinh Thi ch khng xtv cch c Kinh Thi.

II.3

T vit: o chi d chnh, tchi d hnh, dn min nhi v s.o chi d c, t chi d l, hus th cch. Dch. Khng t ni:Dng chnh lnh dt dndn, dng hnh pht bt dnvo khun php, dn trnh khiti nhng khng bit h thn.Dng o c dt dn dn,dng l gio t dn vokhun php, dn bit h thn

m li theo ng chnh. Ch thch. Ch t [] cth hiu l t chnh, hoc nhtlut nh nhau. Vo khunphp din c hai .Ch cch [], c ngi gingl ch [][33], n (t cmc thin). Li c bi ging lthun phc. Bi ny b tc bi 1 trn.

II.4

T vit: Ng thp hu ngnhi ch hc; tam thp nhi lp;t thp nhi bt hoc; ng thpnhi tri thin mnh; lc thp nhinh thun; tht thp nhi tngtm s dc, bt du c. Dch. Khng t ni: Tami lm tui ch vo vichc (o); ba mi tui bit tlp (tc khc k phc l, ctheo iu l m lm); bn mitui khng nghi hoc na (tc

c tr c, nn hiu r ba cnhn, l, ngha); nm mi tuibit mnh tri (bit c vicno sc ngi lm c, vicno khng lm c); su mitui bit theo mnh tri (chnh y khng c ngha l tai,m c ngha l d = )[34]; bymi tui theo lng mun camnh m khng vt ra ngoikhun kh o l (khng phisuy ngh, gng sc m hnhng t nhin, hp o l). Ch thch. C ngi hiu

lp [] l t mnh bit theochnh o; chng ti theonhng cu lp l (ThinThi B, bi 8), bt tri l v dlp (Thin Nghiu vit, bi 3)m dch nh trn. Thin mnh[] c ngi hiu l lut tri,s bin ho, din tin trong vtr. Nh thun [], hu htcc sch u ging l: tai thun,tc nghe ai ni th hiu cngay ngi ngh g, munni g, c g.

II.5

Mnh t vn hiu. T vit:v vi[35]. Phn Tr ng, t co chi vit:Mnh tn vn hiu ng, ngi vit: v vi. Phn Tr vit:H v d? T vit: Sinh, schi d l; t, tng chi d l, t chid l. Dch. Mnh t hi vo hiu. Khng t p:Khng tri.

(Mt hm) Phn Tr nh xe(cho Khng t). Khng t bo:Mnh Tn hi ta v o hiu,ta p: khng tri. Phn Trhi: Thy p nh vy ngha lg? Khng t p: Cha msng th phng s cho hp l,mt ri th tng tng cho hp l,cng t cho hp l. Ch thch. Mnh t, hTrng Tn, tn H K, l mti phu nc L. Theo Ttruyn th Mnh Hi t, chaMnh t, trc khi cht, dn

t phi li Khng t xin hcl. Mnh Tn cng l Mnh t. Phn Tr, h Phn, tn Tu,t T Tr, hc tr Khng t.

II.6

Mnh V B vn hiu. Tvit: Ph mu duy k tt chiu. Dch. Mnh V B hi vo hiu. Khng t p: Cham ch lo cho con b bnh tt. Ch thch. Bi ny cnhiu cch hiu. Hiu nhchng ti dch th ch k chcon ci. C th Mnh V B,tn l Tr, con Mnh t, chi

bi qu , khng gi gn sckho, khin cha m lo, nnKhng t khuyn vy. Ai lmcha m cng lo nht cho conkhi chng au m. C ngi ging hi khc:ngi con c hiu th thn trngtrong mi vic, khng lm gcho cha m phi lo; duy cbnh tt l khng phngc, cho nn ch lo mnh cbnh tt, khin cha m bun. Li c thuyt cho ch k ch

cha m. Ngi con m lo cham bnh tt (ht sc sn scsc kho ca cha m) l ngicon c hiu.

II.7

T Du vn hiu. T vit:Kim chi hiu gi, th v nngdng. Ch khuyn m giainng hu dng, bt knh h dbit h? Dch. T Du hi v ohiu. Khng t p: Ngy nayngi ta hiu l c th nui cham, nhng n ch, nga kia,ngi ta cng nui, nu khngknh cha m th c khc g?

Ch thch. T Du, hNgn, tn Yn, hc tr Khngt. C ngi cho hiu nh trnth li Khng t gay gt qu, sosnh vic nui cha m (cahng con c hiu) vi vic nuich nga; cho nn bo hai chkhuyn m ch bn con bt hiukhng knh cha m. Ti nghKhng t tnh tnh n ho, cmng bn th ch gi l btnhn, ch khng tn nhn nbo h l ch nga.

Li c thuyt hiu l: loi vtnh ch nga cng bit nuicha m chng. iu khngng: ch, nga khi ln ri,khng nhn ra cha m na,hoc nhn c th cng khngh nui cha m. Mt thuyt na: ch gi nh,nga ch nng, nh vy l ch,nga cng nui ngi, nhngchng khng bit cung knh;ngi nui cha m m khngcung knh th khc g ch nga

nui ch. Cng p na.

II.8

T H vn hiu. T vit:Sc nan. Hu s, t phck lao, hu tu thc, tin sinhson, tng th d vi hiu h? Dch. T H hi v ohiu. Khng t p: Kh ch gi c nt mt vui v.Khi cha c vic, con phi khnhc ( gip cha), hoc khi ccm ru, mi cha n ung,nh vy l hiu chng?

Ch thch. Ch sc []trong bi tr nt mt ca con.T H cng trc, nn Khngt khuyn nh vy. Nhng cngi cho l nt mt ca cham: con phi lm sao cho cham lc no cng vui v.

II.9

T vit: Ng d Hi ngnchung nht, bt vi nh ngu.Thoi nhi tnh k t, dic tc dpht. Hi, d bt ngu. Dch. Khng t ni: Tavi (Nhan) Hi ni (v o)sut ngy, anh y khng hivn ta iu g c, c v nh ngun. Nhng khi anh y lui v, taxt k i t ca anh y th thycng pht huy c li ta ging.Anh Hi khng phi l ngu.

Ch thch. Nhan Hi, tT Uyn, ngi nc L, hctr ca Khng t, cht trcthy, nm 32 tui.

II.10

T vit: Th k s d, quan ks do, st k s an, nhn ynsu tai? Nhn yn su tai? Dch. Khng t ni: Xemvic lm ca mt ngi, tmhiu v l g h lm vic y, xtxem h (lm vic ) c an tm(hay vui v) khng, nh vyngi ta cn giu mnh saoc?

II.11

T vit: n c nhi tri tn,kh d vi s h. Dch. Khng t ni: nli nhng iu c m bit ciu mi (hoc: n li iumnh bit m thm iu mi)nh vy c th lm thy c.

II.12

T vit: Qun t bt kh. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t khng phi lmt dng (ngha l ch dngvo c mt vic, m phihiu rng, bit nhiu, lm cnhiu vic).

II.13

T Cng vn qun t. Tvit: Tin hnh k ngn, nhihu tng chi. Dch. T Cng hi th nol qun t. Khng t p: Lmtrc iu mnh mun ni rihy ni sau.

II.14

T vit: Qun t chu nhi btt, tiu nhn t nhi bt chu. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t thn vi mingi m khng kt ng v tli; tiu nhn kt ng v t lim khng thn vi mi ngi.

II.15

T vit: Hc nhi bt t tcvng, t nhi bt hc tc i. Dch. Khng t ni: Hcm khng suy ngh th m ti(khng hiu c g, qu tinsch), suy ngh m khng hcth nguy hi (hao tm lc). Ch thch. C ngi hiul: suy ngh m khng hc thnghi hoc, khng bit th no lphi tri.

II.16

T vit: Cng h d oan, thi d d[36]. Dch. Khng t ni:Chuyn tm nghin cu nhngcc oan th c hi. Ch thch. C ngi hiukhc: cng [] l cng kch, d[] ngha l [] (ch): cngkch nhng ci cc oan thngn c hi. Li c ngi cho d oan [

] tr t thuyt. C th nhvy, nhng chc chn l Khngt khng m ch hc thuytDng Chu, Mc ch, v thing hc thuyt cha xuthin. C ngi bo d oan cngnh lng oan [] trong biIX.7 l hai mt ca vn . Xtc hai mt, ri chit trung thngn c hi. Chng ti hiu d oan lkhng trung chnh, nn dch

nh trn.

II.17

T vit: Do, hi nh[37] trichi h! Tri chi vi tri chi, bt trivi bt tri, th tri d. Dch. Khng t ni: AnhDo, ta dy cho anh th no lbit ny. Bit iu g th nhnl bit, khng bit th nhnkhng bit, nh vy l bit. Ch thch. Do l tn, h lTrng. Trng Do t l T L,ngi nc L, hc tr Khng

t, c sc mnh, gii chnh tr,km Khng t mi tui.

II.18

T Trng hc can lc. Tvit: a vn, khuyt nghi, thnngn k d, tc qu vu. akin, khuyt i, thn hnh kd, tc qu hi. Ngn qu vu,hnh qu hi, lc ti k trungh. Dch. T Trng munhc lm quan, c bnglc. Khng t bo: Nghenhiu, iu g cn nghi th , ng ni, nhng iu cn

li (tin c) th khi ni, phithn trng, nh vy s t li.Thy nhiu, iu g cha ynlng (hoc cn nghi ng) th , ng lm, nhng iu cnli (tin c)[38] th khi lm phithn trng, nh vy t phi nnn. Li ni t li lm, vic lmt n nn; bng lc t nhintrong (ngha l t nhin sc). Ch thch. T Trng, hChuyn Tn, tn S, hc trKhng t.

II.19

Ai cng vn vit: H vi tcdn phc? Khng t i vit:C trc, th ch ung, tc dnphc. C ung th ch trc, tcdn bt phc. Dch. Vua Ai cng hi:Lm th no th dn phctng? Khng t p: c ngingay thng ln trn hng ngicong queo th dn phc tng,

c ngi cong queo ln trnngi ngay thng th dn khngphc tng. Ch thch. Ai cng l vuanc L, con nh cng, lnngi nm -494. Bi ny c thhiu hai cch: ch th [] lb, ch ch [] l ht thy,nh vy c trc th ch ungngha l: Dng ngi ngaythng, b ht nhng ngi congqueo. Chng ti hiu theo Triu

Thng (Lun ng dch ch Hu Lin xut bn): th [] lt ln, ch [] l hai ch chi [] hp li (nh t nh =anh y ca ta, hoc t Smog =Smoke + fog ca Anh) m dchnh trn. Triu Thng cho rnghiu nh vy mi hp vi cuc trc th ch ung, nng sung gi trc trong bi 20thin XII (Nhan Uyn): c c ngi ngay thng ln trnngi cong queo th ngi congqueo cng t rt i, nu

khng t sa mnh, khng cnphi ui ht bn h i.

II.20

Qu Khang t vn: S dnknh, trung d khuyn[39], nhchi h? T vit: Lm chi d trangtc knh, hiu t tc trung, cthin nhi gio bt nng tckhuyn. Dch. Qu Khang t hi:Mun cho dn cung knh,trung thnh v khuyn nhau lmiu thin, th lm cch no?

Khng t p: X vi dnm nghim trang th dn cungknh. Hiu thun (vi cha m),t i (vi ngi di) th dntrung thnh. Ct nhc ngi tt,dy d ngi khng tt th dnkhuyn nhau lm iu thin. Ch thch. Qu Khang t,h Qu Tn, tn Ph, l mt iphu ca L.

II.21

Hoc v Khng t vit: Th bt vi chnh. T vit: Th vn: Hiu hduy hiu, hu vu huynh .Thi hu chnh, th dic vichnh, h k vi vi chnh? Dch. C ngi hi Khngt: Ti sao ng khng tngchnh (ra lm quan). Khng t p: Kinh Th ccu: Hiu thun a, hiu thun

vi cha m, thn i a, thn ivi anh em. Thi hnh cu ni m cm ho c hngngi cm quyn, th cng ltng chnh, sao c tham giachnh s mi l tng chnh? Ch thch. Chng ti dchnh trn theo cch chm cuca mt s hc gi ngy nay:Triu Thng trong sch dn,v Thm Tri Phng trongLun ng c bn Khi Minhth cc xut bn. Hai nh cho Hiu h duy hiu l ch

trong Kinh Th[40] ca tng chiu, cng nh my ch l hl trong L K l li ca tng l.Cn bn ch Thi hu chnhl li ca Khng t, nu l lic a Kinh Th th khng dngch m dng ch vu nh cutrn. Cc hc gi thi trc chmcu khc: T vit: Th vnhiu h? Duy hiu, hu vuhuynh , thi hu chnh. Thdic vi chnh H cho Thvn hiu h l li Khng t,

m thi hu chnh l litrong Kinh Th, v dch l: Khng t p: C bitKinh Th ni v o hiuchng? Cho c hiu vi cha m,ho thun vi anh em, thi hnhcho c chnh sch. y cng llm vic chnh tr; ti sao cphi tng chnh mi l lm vicchnh tr? Chm cu cch no th ngha cng khng thay i.Khng t mun ni: ng

khng ra lm quan nhng dyngi ta hiu , v ngi tanghe ng, khi cm quyn m thihnh hiu , th nc s tr,nh vy cng l ng gip vovic chnh s, gip nc ri.

II.22

T vit: Nhn nhi v tn, bttri k kh d. i xa v ngh,tiu xa v ngt, k h d hnhchi tai? Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi m khng c tn thkhng hiu sao thnh ngic (hoc lm nn vic c).Cng nh xe ln khng c nngh (n g ngang buctru); xe nh khng c n ngt(n g cong buc nga)

lm sao m i c?

II.23

T Trng vn: Thp th,kh tri d? T vit: n nhn H l,s tn ch kh tri d. Chu nhn n l, s tn ch kh tri d.K hoc k Chu gi, tuy bchth, kh tri d. Dch. T Trng hi:Mi i (sau ny) c th bitc khng? Khng t p: Nh n theo

l ca nh H, thm bt cig, ta c th bit c. Nh Chutheo l ca nh n, thm btci g, ta c th bit c[41].Sau ny hoc c nh no ninh Chu, d c trm i cngc th bit c. Ch thch. Ch th [](i) y nn hiu l triui, ch khng phi l ingi. Ch l [] c ngharng: in chng, ch , nghithc, tp tc. Khng t munni s din ho ca lch s theo

lut nhn qu, do m xtvic i trc c th bit cvic i sau. Nh H (2205-1767); nh Thng sau i tnl n (1766-1122); nh Chu(1122-274), ba triu i ninhau, gi l tam i.

II.24

T vit: Phi k qu[42], nhi tchi, sim d. Kin ngha bt vi,v dng d. Dch. Khng t ni:Khng phi t tin mnh khut m mnh t th l nnh b;thy vic ngha m khng lm lkhng c dng.

THIN IIIBT DT

III.1

Khng t v Qu th bt dtv nh: Th kh nhn d,thc bt kh nhn d. Dch. Khng t bn vvic Qu Th dng v bt dt(ca thin t) i snh (hQu), bo: Vic nhn tmlm c th vic g m khng

nhn tm lm c? Ch thch. Bi ny nhiubn c chm cu nh sau:Khng t v Qu th: Bt dtv nh, th kh nhn d,ngha l Khng t bo Qu th:V bt dt i snh (nhng), vic ng nhn tm lmc. Thi qui nh:thin t mi dng v bt dt:tm hng ngi, mi hng tmngi; ch hu th lc dt: 6hng, mi hng 6 ngi; khanh,i phu th t dt: 4 hng, mi

hng 4 ngi; s th nh dt: 2hng, mi hng 2 ngi. Qu thy c l l Qu Tn Hon t,ch l mt i phu nc L,khng dng v t dt, m dngv bt dt l dng cn l thint, tri php.

III.2

Tam gia gi d Ung trit. Tvit: Tng duy tch cng,thin t mc mc, h th tam gia chi ng? Dch. Ba nh i phu(nc L: Mnh Tn, ThcTn, Qu Tn) cho ht Ung(mt thin trong Chu tng Kinh Thi) khi dp t l i.Khng t ni: (Hai cu trongth Ung :) tr t l vua ccch hu, thin t (lm ch t)

th rt nghim tc, ht trong bai snh ba nh th cn ngha g na? Ch thch. Theo l, khithin t t tn miu, th ccch hu tr t, v cho ht thUng m dp t l. Khng t chba nh , tim l ca thint, th Ung ht trong nhngtrng hp ho v ngha.

III.3

T vit: Nhn nhi bt nhn,nh l h? Nhn nhi bt nhn,nh nhc h? Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi khng c c nhn thl m lm g? Ngi khng cc nhn th nhc m lm g? Ch thch. Khng t choc nhn l gc ca l nhc.

III.4

Lm Phng vn l chi bn.T vit: i tai vn! L, d kxa d, ninh kim; tang d k dd, ninh thch. Dch. Lm Phng hi vgc ca l. Khng t p: Cuhi quan trng y! L mqu xa x th kim c cn hn;tang m qu ch trng nghi titth thng xt cn hn. Ch thch. Khng r Lm

Phng l ai[43].

III.5

T vit: Di ch chi huqun, bt nh ch H chi v[44]d. Dch. Khng t ni: Ccnc Di, ch ( chung quanhTrung Quc, lc hu) d c vuacng khng bng cc nc HoaH (Trung Quc) khng c vua(v Hoa H c l nghi). Ch thch. Chu Hi cho haich bt nh [] l khng

ging; v ngha khc hn:Khng t c than th ccnc ch hu hi cho thint nh Chu khng ra g, thnhth Trung Quc cng nhkhng c vua. Hiu theo haicch u c c. Phi bittrong hon cnh no, Khng tni cu th mi r ng munni g.

III.6

Qu th l Thi Sn. T vNhim Hu vit: Nh[45] phtnng cu d? i vit: Btnng. T vit: h! Tng vThi Sn bt nh Lm Phngh? Dch. H Qu t l niThi Sn. Khng t hi NhimHu (lm quan t ca h Qu):Anh khng ngn c sao?Nhim Hu p: Khng ngnc. Khng t ni: Than i!

Vy l cho rng ni Thi Snkhng bng Lm Phng sao? Ch thch. Ni Thi Sn nc L. Theo l th ch vua Lmi t thn ni , Qu th mti phu, li t l tim l. Thn ni Thi Sn tt khnghng t l ca Qu th, v nuhng th chng ho ra thnkhng bng Lm Phng sao?(Lm Phng l ngi hiu l coi bi 4 trn). Nhim Hu, h Nhim, tn

Cu, hc tr Khng t.

III.7

T vit: Qun t v stranh, tt d x h? p nhngnhi thng, h nhi m, k tranhd qun t. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t khng ganh uavi ai, nu c th ch trong lcbn chng? Vi nhng ri mibc ln, khi lui xung th mingi kia ung ru. Ganh uanhau nh vy mi l qun t.

III.8

T H vn vit: Xo tiuthin h, m mc phn h, t dvi huyn h h v d? T vit:Hi s hu t. Vit: L huh? Vit: Khi d giThng[46] d! Thy kh dngn Thi d h. Dch. T H ni: (KinhThi ni:) ming xinh chm chmci, mt p long lanh sng[47],trn nn trng v mu scs[48] ngha l th no? Khng

t p: C sn nn trng risau mi v. T H (li hi):(Ngha l) l phi sau(nhn)[49] chng? Khng tni: Anh Thng pht khic ta, nh anh mi c thging Kinh Thi cho c. Ch thch. Khng t khenT H nghe mt bit hai.

III.9

T vit: H l, ng nngngn chi, K bt tc trng d;n l, ng nng ngn chi, Tngbt tc trng d; vn hin bttc, c d. Tc, tc ng nngtrng chi h. Dch. Khng t ni: Lch nh H, ta c th ni c,nhng nc K khng lmchng; l ch nh n, ta c thni c, nhng nc Tngkhng lm chng, v vn

kin v ngi hin hai nc khng . Nu th ta c thchng minh li ta ni c. Ch thch. Nc K l hudu ca nh H, nc Tng lhu du nh n. Vn hin: Vnl vn kin, hin l hin ti. Nn coi li bi 23 thin II.Khng t trong bi bo nhn theo l ca nh H, thmbt g ng bit c. Trong biny ng bo ng bit nhngkhng th dn chng c v

khng vn kin v hin ti.

III.10

T vit: (c sch c ldu), t k qun nhi vng gi,ng bt dc quan chi h. Dch. Khng t ni: T, t lc rt ru xung ttr i, ta khng mun xemna. Ch thch. T l mt tln i xa, nm nm mt ln,lm tn miu nh vua. Csch ni rt ru xung t l

dng thn, ri mi by bi vt tin t. Khng t khngmun xem vic by bi v vvua L Vn cng by bi v sai,khng hp l, t bi v Hi cng trn bi v Mn cng. Hi cngl anh ca Mn cng, git Mncng cp ngi. Vn cng lcon Hi cng cho nn t chatrn Mn cng. Khng t choMn cng mi thc l vua, Hicng th qun tim v, phit bi v ca Mn cng lntrn.

III.11

Hoc vn chi thuyt. Tvit: Bt tri d. Tri k thuytchi thin h d, k nh th ch h? Ch k chng. Dch. C ngi hi vthuyt t . Khng t p:Khng bit. Nu bit thuyty, th vic tr thin h cngnh trong ci ny chng?Ngi va ni va ch vo bntay.

Ch thch. Khng t chtrng dng l tr thin h.T l mt t quan trng, nuhiu c n (bit c l) thtr thin h rt d. ng nikhng hiu thuyt t , c thv khng mun vch li ca vuaL khi lm t chng?

III.12

T nh ti, t thn nh thnti. T vit: Ng bt d t, nhbt t. Dch. T t tin nh ttin trc mt, t thn nhthn trc mt[50]. Khng t ni: Khi ta (v lg) khng ch thn ng t (mmn ngi thay)[51] tuy c ty, vn (n hn) nh cha t.

III.13

Vng Tn Gi vn vit:D k m o, ninh m To; h v d? T vit: Btnhin Hoch ti thin, v so d. Dch. Vng Tn Gi(mt i phu cm quyn V)hi: Tc ng c cu: Nnhthn o, th nnh thn To cnhn, cu y c ngha g?Khng t p: Khng phivy. Mc ti vi tri th cu o

u cng v ch. Ch thch. Thn o lthn trong nh, thn To l thntrong bp. Thn To thp hnthn o nhng coi vic bpnc, n ung, nn quan trnghn. C ngi cho rng VngTn Gi ni bng by: Thn och V Linh cng, thn To chnng Nam T v Di T H,nhng ngi V Linh cng yu.Khng t nh mun c dng

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V th ly lng V Linh cngkhng bng ly lng Nam T vDi T H. Khng c tuyt mtcch kho lo. ng c theo otri, ngay thng, chng cn lylng ai c.

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III.14

T vit: Chu gim nh i,c c h vn tai! Ng tngChu. Dch. Khng t ni: NhChu chm chc l ch ca haitriu i trc (H, n) nnvn v rc r bit bao! Ta theoChu.

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III.15

T nhp thi miu, mi svn. Hoc vit: Thc v Trunhn chi t tri l h, nhp thimiu, mi s vn[52]. T vnchi, vit: Th l d. Dch. Khng t vo thimiu, thy vic g cng hi. Ck bo: Ai bo con ngi tTru (qu hng ca Khng t L) y bit l. (Nu bit thsao) vo thi miu, thy g cnghi.

Khng t hay c bo:Nh vy l l y. Ch thch. V thi miuth Chu cng L, m hi tngcht cho bit k, l thi knh cn, l l. Khng xu hhi ngi, cng l l (khimtn) na.

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III.16

T vit: X bt ch b, vlc bt ng khoa, c chi od. Dch. Khng t ni: Bn(ct trng ch) khng ctxuyn qua tm da, v sc khngu nhau (ngha l khng phi sc), o xa nh vy.

III.17

T Cng dc kh Co (thixa c l cc) sc chi khi (cngi c l h) dng. T vit:T d, nh i k dng, ng ik l. Dch. T Cng mun bvic dng cu trong l Co sc.Khng t bo: T, anh ticcon cu, ta tic cuc l. Ch thch. i Chu, vothu hay ng mi nm, thin t

ban lch nm sau cho ch hu,vua ch hu ct vo trong tmiu, nm sau mi m ra coi;c ngy sc (mng mt) mithng git mt con cu cngt tin. L l l Co sc. L xong ri, vua mi hptriu. Vua L b l t lu,khng ti t miu lm l m ckhi ngy mng mt cng khnghp triu na; nhng ngi tavn git mt con cu dng t miu. T Cng mun b hnhthc i, Khng t mun gi

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li ngi ta ng qun l.

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III.18

T vit: S qun tn l,nhn d vi sim d. Dch. Khng t ni: Thvua ht l th ngi ta cho lnnh. Ch thch. Khng t thanv thi i thi coi vuakhng ra g.

III.19

nh cng vn: Qun sthn, thn s qun, nh chi h?Khng t i vit: Qun sthn d l, thn s qun dtrung. Dch. (Vua L l) nhcng hi: Vua khin b ti, bti th vua, phi nh th no?Khng t p: Vua khin bti phi gi l, b ti th vuaphi trung (ht lng).

III.20

T vit: Th cu[53] lc nhibt dm, ai nhi bt thng. Dch. Khng t ni:Thin Th cu trong Kinh Thi,vui m khng qu mc, bunm khng thng tn (Nghal vui bun u trng tit, vaphi). Ch thch. Ch dm [] y c ngi hiu l dm ngnh ngy nay; thi xa, h qu

mc th u gi l dm. Thin Th cu u KinhThi vinh mt ngi qun t tmmt ngi thc n ci, tmcha c th c mong, khngng c; tm c ri thhng cnh cm st ho hp.

III.21

Ai cng vn x T Ng. TNg i vit: H hu th dtng, n nhn d b, Chu nhnd lt, vit: s dn chin lt. T vn chi, vit: Thnh sbt thuyt, toi s bt gin, kvng bt cu[54]. Dch. (Vua L) Ai cnghi T Ng v vic lp nx[55]. T Ng p: Nh Htrng cy tng n x, nh

n trng cy b, nh Chu trngcy lt, l c khin dn phis hi[56]. Ch thch. T Ng, tnD, hc tr Khng t.

III.22

T vit: Qun Trng chi khtiu tai! Hoc vit: Qun Trngkim h? Vit: Qun thhu tam qui, quan s bt nhip,yn c kim? - Nhin tc Qun Trng tri l

h? Vit: Bang qun thtc mn, Qun th dic th tcmn. Bang qun vi lng qunchi hiu hu phn im; Qun

th dic hu phn im. Qunth nhi tri l, thc bt tri l?

Dch. Khng t ni: Khlng ca Qun Trng nhnhen thay![57] C ngi hi:Qun Trng tit kim khng?Khng t p: H Qun thuthu tam qui[58] khng cho giathn no kim nhip nhiu vic,sao gi l tit kim c? - Th Qun Trng c bit l

khng? p: Vua Tdng bnh phong che ca,

Qun Trng cng dng bnhphong che ca: vua T khikhon i hai vua nc ngoi,dng ci phn im[59]. QunTrng m bit l th ai mkhng bit l?

III.23

T ng L thi[60] s nhcvit: Nhc k kh tri d: thytc, hp nh d, tng chi, thunnh d, kiu nh d, dch nhd, d thnh. Dch. Khng t ni vnhc l vi nhc quan nc L:C th bit c php tunhc: mi u, cc m thanhphn khi nhit lit; ri ti khcphng th cc m thanh thunnhin iu ho, r rng, li lin

tc nhau, nh vy l thnh khcnhc.

III.24

Nghi phong nhn thnh kin,vit: Qun t chi ch t d,ng v thng bt c kin d.Tng gi kin chi. Xut vit: Nh tam t hhon tng h? Thin h chi vo d cu h, thin tng dphu t vi mc c. Dch. Vin quan phongnhn (gi bin cng) pNghi (ca V) xin c yt

kin Khng t, bo: Bc qunt (tc c o c) no ti y,khng c ai m ti khng cyt kin. Hc tr theo huKhng t thng bo vi thy ridt v. Vin quan , (yt kin ri)ra bo: My thy ng lo phut mt chc. Thin h v o(tc lon) lu ri, Tri sdng phu t lm ci m g (tuyn dng gio ho).

III.25

T v Thiu: Tn m h, hutn thin d, v V: Tn m h,v tn thin d. Dch. Khng t khen nhcThiu: Cc hay li cc ttlnh, khen nhc V: Cchay, nhng cha cc tt lnh. Ch thch. Thiu l nhcca vua Thun, V l nhc caV vng nh Chu. Thun nivua Nghiu, lm cho thin h

thnh tr; V vng dit Tr cu dn, cng hai ng ngangnhau; nhng Thun cNghiu truyn ngi, V phinh dp thin h mi cngi. Khng t cho nh vy lc ca V khng bng caThun. M l hay v thanh iu;thin l xt v ni dung. Biny t rng Khng t khng adng v lc, khng a cchmng, d l chnh ng. ngthch truyn ngi cho ngihin hn l cho con.

III.26

T vit: C thng btkhoan, vi l bt knh, lm tangbt ai, ng h d quan chi tai. Dch. Khng t ni: bc trn m khng khoan hng,lm l m khng nghim tc,gp vic tang m khng bithng, hng ngi nh vycn c g cho ta xt na?

THIN IVL NHN

IV.1

T vit: L nhn vi m.Trch bt x nhn, yn ctr? Dch. Khng t ni: Lngno c c nhn, l ni y tt.Chn ch m khng la chnni c c nhn, th sao gi lsng sut c.

IV.2

T vit: Bt nhn gi, btkh d cu x c, bt kh dtrng x lc. Nhn gi annhn, tr gi li nhn. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi khng c c nhn thkhng th lu trong cnhkhn cng, cng khng th lu trong cnh hoan lc. Ngic c nhn vui lng lm iunhn, ngi thng minh sngsut bit rng c nhn c li

cho mnh v cho ngi nn lmiu nhn. Ch thch. Ch an nhn vch li nhn y, ngha cngnh an nhi hnh chi, li nhihnh chi trong sch Trungdung.

IV.3

T vit: Duy nhn gi nnghiu nhn, nng nhn. Dch. Khng t ni: Chc ngi c nhn mi bit yungi, ght ngi (mt cchcng tm, chnh ng).

IV.4

T vit: Cu ch nhn h,v c d. Dch. Khng t ni: Nuquyt ch thc hnh c nhnth khng lm iu c.

IV.5

T vit: Ph d qu, thnhn chi s dc d, bt d ko c chi, bt x d. Bn dtin, th nhn chi s d, bt dk o c chi, bt kh d.Qun t kh nhn, h thnhdanh? Qun t, v chung thcchi gian vi nhn, tho th tt th, in bi tt th. Dch. Khng t ni: Giuv sang, ngi ta ai cng mun,nhng chng phi o m c

giu sang th ngi qun tchng thm. Ngho v hn,ngi ta ai cng ght, nhngchng li o m phi ngho thngi qun t chng b[61]. - Ngi qun t m b c

nhn th lm sao c gi lqun t?

- Ngi qun t d trong ban (mt thi gian ngn) cngkhng lm tri iu nhn, dtrong lc v vng cng theoiu nhn.

IV.6

T vit: Ng v kin hiunhn gi, bt nhn gi. Hiunhn gi, v d thng chi; btnhn gi, k vi nhn h, bt sbt nhn gi gia h k thn. Hunng nht nht dng k lc nhn h? Ng v kin lc bttc gi. Ci hu chi h, ng vchi kin d. Dch. Khng t ni: Tacha thy ai tht ham iu nhnv ai tht ght iu bt nhn,

Ngi tht ham iu nhn thkhng cho iu g hn iunhn; ngi tht ght iu btnhn th khi lm iu nhnkhng cho iu bt nhnvng vo mnh. C ai trnngy tn lc lm iu nhnchng? Ta cha thy ai khng sc lm iu nhn c. Hocc chng m ta cha thy.

IV.7

T vit: Nhn chi qu d,cc k ng. Quan qu, t trinhn h. Dch. Khng t ni: Lica mt ngi thuc v tngloi. Xt mt ngi phmnhng li no, c th bit ngi c c nhn hay khng. Ch thch. Th d: ngic c nhn, thng mc liqu hu, qu thng ngi;

ngi thiu c nhn thngngc li, qu bc, qu tnnhn. C ngi cho rng ch nhn[] trong t tri nhn h nnsa l [] (ngi) v ging l:bit c hng ngi no,nh vy d hiu hn, nhng ngha tm thng.

IV.8

T vit: Triu vn o, tcht kh h. Dch. Khng t ni: Sngc nghe o l, ti cht cngc (khng hn).

IV.9

T vit: S ch o nhi sc y c thc gi, v tc d nghd. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi no ch vo o mthn v ci n ci mc th chath em o bn c.

IV.10

T vit: Qun t chi thinh d, v thch (c sch c lch) d, v mc d, ngha chid t. Dch. Khng t ni: Cchx s ca ngi qun t khngnht nh phi nh vy mic, khng nht nh nh kial khng c, c hp ngha thlm. Ch thch. Thi l

v kh, v bt kh.

IV.11

T vit: Qun t hoi c,tiu nhn hoi th[62], qun thoi hnh, tiu nhn hoi hu. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t ngh lm saocho o c tng tin, k tiunhn ngh lm sao cho i sngc yn n; ngi qun tngh lm sao khi tri vi phpnc, k tiu nhn ngh lm saoc n hu ngi khc.

IV.12

T vit: Phng li nhihnh, a on. Dch. Khng t ni:Hnh ng m theo li th gynhiu on (Ngi on mnhm mnh cng on ngi).

IV.13

T vit: Nng d l nhngvi quc h h hu? Bt nng dl nhng vi quc, nh l h? Dch. Khng t ni: Bitdng l nhng tr nc th ckh g u? Nu khng dng lnhng tr nc th d c l chtt cng nh khng?

IV.14

T vit: Bt hon v v,hon s d lp. Bt hon mc ktri, cu vi kh tri d. Dch. Khng t ni:ng lo khng c chc v, chlo khng ti c nhnchc v. ng lo khng ai bitmnh, ch mong sao mnh c tic cho ngi ta bit n.

IV.15

T vit: Sm h! Ng onht d qun chi. Tng t vit:Duy. T xut, mn nhn vnvit: H v d? Tng t vit:Phu t chi o, trung th nhid h. Dch. Khng t ni: Smny! o ca ta ch c mt lm thng sut c. Tng ttha: D. Khng t ra ri, cc mn

sinh khc hi Tng t: Thymun ni g vy? Tng t p:o ca thy ch c trung,th[63] m thi.

IV.16

T vit: Qun t d ngha, tiu nhn d li. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t hiu r vngha, k tiu nhn hiu r vli. Ch thch. Hiu r nghal thch ngha. Hiu r li nnthch li. C sch bn thm: Vtiu nhn hiu r v li, thchli, cho nn ngi qun t (tr

dn) ring v mnh th khngnn ni v li, nhng phi xtci li ca tiu nhn (dn) mlm li cho h.

IV.17

T vit: Kin hin, t tyn; kin bt hin nhi ni ttnh d. Dch. Khng t ni: Thyngi hin th mong lm saobng ngi; thy ngi bt hinth phi t xt mnh (c mc ttca ngi khng).

IV.18

T vit: S ph mu kigin, kin ch bt tng, huknh bt vi; lao nhi bt on. Dch. Khng t ni: Thcha m, nn nh nh khuyncan, nu thy cha m khngtheo mnh th vn cung knhm khng xc phm cha m;tuy kh nhc, lo bun, nhngkhng c on hn.

IV.19

T vit: Ph mu ti, btvin du. Du tt hu phng. Dch. Khng t ni: Cham cn th con khng nn ichi xa. Nu i th phi c ninht nh.

IV.20

T vit: Tam nin v ci ph chi o, kh v hiu h. (Bi ny trng vi na dibi I.11, nn khng dch li).

IV.21

T vit: Ph mu chi nin,bt kh bt tri d: nht tc d h,nht tc d c. Dch. Khng t ni: Tuica cha m, khng th khngbit: mt l mng (v cha msng lu), mt l lo (v cham gi yu).

IV.22

T vit: C gi ngn chi btxut, s cung chi bt i d. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi xa thn trng li ni,s s xu h nu ni m lmkhng c.

IV.23

T vit: D c tht chi gitin h. Dch. Khng t ni: t cngi bit t tit ch m phmli. Ch thch. C th hiu l:Ngi no bit t ch (khngphng tng) th t khi phm ti.

IV.24

T vit: Qun t nt ngn, nhi mn hnh. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t chm chp(thn trng) v li ni, m maumn v vic lm.

IV.25

T vit: c bt c, tt huln. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi c c th khng cc, tt c ngi ng o ktbn vi mnh nh u th clng ging .

IV.26

T Du vit: S qun sc, tnhc h; bng hu sc, t sh. Dch. T Du ni: Thvua m can gin nhiu ln quth s b nhc, chi bn m cangin nhiu ln qu th bn s xamnh. Ch thch. C ngi hiusc [] l thn mt qu; v bi ny nh trong cu: Qun

t chi giao m nh thu:ngi qun t lnh nht nhnc l trong s giao thip,khng v vp qu. Li c ngi hiu sc lkhoe cng lao (!)

THIN VCNG D TRNG

V.1

T v Cng D Trng: Khth d. Tuy ti luy tit chi trung,phi k ti d. D k t th chi. T v Nam Dung[64]: Banghu o bt ph; bang v omin hnh lc. D k huynhchi t th chi. Dch. Khng t khen Cng

D Trng[65]: C th g con gicho tr y. Tuy b t, nhngkhng phi ti ca n. Riem con gi g cho. Khng t khen Nam Dung:Nc c o (chnh tr tt) try tt c dng; nc m vo (chnh tr xu, hn m) thkhng b hnh pht. Ri emcon gi ca ng g cho.

V.2

T v T Tin [66]: Qun tti nhc nhn; L v qun tgi, t yn th t? Dch. Khng t khen TTin: Qun t thay T Tin!Nc L m khng c ngiqun t th tr y lm sao cc phm cch nh vy.

V.3

T Cng vn vit: T d hnh? T vit: Nh, kh d.Vit: H kh d? Vit: Hlin d. Dch. T Cng hi: CnT (tn T Cng) con nh thno? Khng t p: Anh nh mt dng. Li hi: Th dng no? p: Nh ci h lin (Mt

th lin p, qu dng ng xi cng). Ch thch. Thy Khng tkhen T Tin, T Cng cngmun c thy khen nn hinh vy, Khng t p: Nhmt dng, ni T Cngch dng vo c mt vic,cha c vo hng a ti. (kh coi II.12). T Cng chc hitht vng li hi na. Khng tan i: Tuy l mt dngnhng l mt dng qu.

V.4

Hoc vit: Ung d nhn nhibt nnh. T vit: Yn dngnnh? Ng nhn d khu cp, ltng nhn. Bt tri k nhn,yn dng nnh? Dch. C ngi bo viKhng t: Thy Ung[67] lngi nhn nhng khng c tin ni. Khng t p: Cn gphi dng ti n ni? Ung ivi ngi, m kho bin lun,thng b ngi ta bit thi. Ta

khng bit anh y c c nhnkhng, nhng cn g phi dngti n ni.

V.5

T s Tt iu Khai s. ivit: Ng t chi v nng tn.T duyt. Dch. Khng t bo Ttiu Khai ra lm quan. Ttiu Khai p: Con cha tinmnh c th lm quan c.Khng t vui lng.

V.6

T vit: o bt hnh, thaphu ph hi, tng ng gi, kDo d? T L vn chi h. Tvit: Do d, hiu dng qung, v s th ti. Dch. Khng t ni: oca ta khng thi hnh c, tas ci b vt bin (i ncngoi, c th tr Triu Tin)ngi theo ta c l l anh Dochng? T L nghe vy mng.Khng t ni tip: Anh Do

hiu dng hn ta, nhng tacha c ti liu (g) lmb. Ch thch. Ch ti [] (lti liu), c nh ngh ch ti[] ngha l tit ch, chn la,(ch T L hiu dng nhngkhng sng sut) hoc l: khngbit xt on, khng hiu rngKhng t ch mun ni a,ch u c b Trung Qucm i. Li c nh bo ch ti []

chnh l tai [][68] v Khngt ch T L l hiu dng,nhng v dng. Cch hiu sai. T L l mt hc tr gii,(coi bi di y), khng l gKhng t ch nh vy.

V.7

Mnh V B vn: T Lnhn h? T vit: Bt tri d.Hu vn. T vit: Do d, thinthng chi quc kh s tr kph[69]; bt tri k nhn d. - Cu d h nh? T vit:

Cu d, thin tht chi p,bch thng chi gia, kh s vichi t d; bt tri k nhn d?

- Xch d h nh? T vit:Xch d, thc i lp triu,

kh s d tn khch ngn d;bt tri k nhn d.

Dch. Mnh V B[70] hi:Thy T L phi l nginhn khng. Khng t p:Khng bit. Li hi na,Khng t bo: Anh Do c thiu khin qun i mt ncc ngn binh xa; cn nhn haykhng th khng bit. - Thy Cu l ngi th no?

Khng t p: Anh Cu cth lm quan t cai tr mt p

c ngn nh hoc mt thi p(ca mt qu tc) c trm binhxa; cn nhn hay khng thkhng bit.

- Thy Xch[71] l ngi thno? Khng t p: AnhXch c th tht ai (bn lphc) ng triu nh tip i tn khch; cn nhnhay khng th khng bit.

V.8

T v T Cng vit: Nh dHi d, thc d? i vit: Td h cm vng Hi, Hi d,vn nht d tri thp, T d, vnnht d tri nh. T vit: Pht nh d. Ngd nh pht nh d. Dch. Khng t hi TCng: Anh vi anh Hi, aihn? T Cng p: T conu dm c nh anh Hi.

Anh y nghe mt bit mi,con nghe mt ch bit hai.Khng t bo: Phi, anhkhng bng. Ta ng vi anhrng anh khng bng anh Hi. Ch thch. Cu cui Hnnho hiu l: ta vi anh ukhng bng anh Hi v boKhng t mun an i T Cngng bun. Nh vy th ch dl lin t ch khng phi ngt. Kh bit c thuyt no lng.

V.9

T D tr tm. T vit: Hmc bt kh iu d, phn thchi tng bt kh d. d dh tru? T vit: Thy ng nhnd, thnh k ngn nhi tn khnh; kim ng nhn d, thnhk ngn nhi quan k hnh. Dd ci th. Dch. T D ng ngy,Khng t bo: G mc khng

th chm khc c, vch bngt d khng th trt c? ivi tr D, cn trch lm g? Ri Khng t li ni: Miu, i vi ngi, ta nghe lini m tin vic lm, nay i vingi ta nghe li ni m cnphi xem vic lm na. V trD m ta thay i nh vy. Ch thch. Khng t ch T D (T Ng) trong biIII.21.

V.10

T vit: Ng v kin cnggi. Hoc i vit: ThnTrnh. T vit: Trnh d dc,yn c cng. Dch. Khng t bo: Tacha thy ngi no cngcng. C ngi ni: CThn Trnh. Khng t p:Thn Trnh nhiu th dc saogi l cng cng c. Ch thch. Ngi cng

cng th t ch c m btkhut. Ngi th dc nhiu qukh t ch v bt khut c. Thn Trnh l hc trKhng t.

V.11

T Cng vit: Ng bt dcnhn chi gia ch ng d. Ngdic dc v gia ch nhn. Tvit: T d, Phi nh s cp d. Dch. T Cng ni: iug (xu) ti khng mun ngita lm cho ti th ti cngkhng mun lm cho mnh. Khng t bo: T, anhkhng c nh vy u. Ch thch. Cu ca T

Cng ngha y nh cu: K sbt dc, vt thi nhn[72].Theo c cu y l c cnhn.

V.12

T Cng vit: Phu t chivn chng, kh c nhi vnd, phu t chi ngn tnh dthin o, bt kh c nhi vnd. Dch. T Cng ni: Cngtrnh nghin cu v vn ha(nh Thi, Th, L, Nhc) cathy (tc Khng t) th chngta c nghe, cn quan nim vthin tnh v o tri ca thyth chng ta khng c nghe.

Ch thch. Danh t vnchng thi khc vi thinay, m tr nhng in tch c. C ngi hiu: vn chngl o c, vn t.

V.13

T L hu vn, v chi nnghnh, duy khng hu vn. Dch. T L nghe ciu g m cha kp thi hnhc th s c nghe thmiu khc. Ch thch. Cu ny chcca mn sinh nhn nh v TL.

V.14

T Cng vn vit: KhngVn T h d v chi Vn d? T vit: Mn nhi hiu hc,bt s h vn, th d v chi Vnd. Dch. T Cng hi: ngKhng Vn t[73] sao c tcho tn thu l Vn? Khng tp: Thng minh m li hiuhc khng thn hi ngi kmmnh, v vy c t tn thu

l Vn.

V.15

T v T Sn: Hu qun tchi o t yn, k hnh k dcung, k s thng d knh, kdng dn d hu, k s dn dngha. Dch. Khng t khen TSn[74]: ng y c bn iuhp vi o ngi qun t: gimnh th khim cung, th vuath knh cn, nui dn th c nhu, sai dn th hp tnh l (hpngha).

V.16

T vit: n Bnh Trng[75]thin d nhn giao, cu nhiknh chi. Dch. Khng t ni: nBnh Trng kho c x vi bn,lu ngy m vn tn knh bn.

V.17

T vit: Tang Vn Trng cthi, sn tit to chuyt, h nhk tr d. Dch. Khng t ni: TangVn Trng lm nh cho conthi (mt con ra ln dng bi), u ct khc hnh ni,x nh v rong ru, sao cgi l ngi tr (sng sut). Ch thch. Ch thin tmi ct nh v dng nhng

trang sc nh vy trong thimiu nui ra thi, TangVn Trng l mt i phu mhnh ng nh thin t l tril. Cn mt l na: Tang sa hoaqu, li m tn, tng trng conthi nh vy th n s ph hcho mnh, qu l bt tr. Tang Vn T, h Tang Tn,tn Thn, l mt i phu ncL.

V.18

T Trng vn vit: Lnhdon T Vn, tam s vi lnhdon, v h sc; tam d chi, vun sc. Cu lnh don chichnh, tt d co tn lnh don.H nh? T vit: Trung h. Vit:Nhn h h? Vit: V tri.Yn c nhn? - Thi T th T qun, Trn

Vn t hu m thp thng,

kh nhi vi chi. Ch tha bang,tc vit: Do ng i phu Thit d Vi chi. Chi nhtbang, tc hu vit: Do ngi phu Thi t d Vi chi h nh.

T vit: Thanh h. Vit:Nhn h h? Vit: V tri.Yn c nhn? Dch. T Trng hi:Quan lnh don (t tngnc S) T Vn ba ln lmlnh don m khng mng, ba

ln b bi chc m khng onhn, li em vic c bn giaocho quan lnh don mi. Nginh th ra sao? Khng t p: Trung thcy. Li hi: C phi l nginhn khng? p: Cha bit.C g chc gi l nginhn. - (T Trng hi thm): Thi

t[76] git vua T. Trn Vn tc mi c xe (mi c xe cbn nga) b m i. n mt

nc khc bo: Quan iphu chp chnh y cngkhng hn quan i phu Thit nc ta, ri li b i. Timt nc khc, li bo:Quan i phu chp chnh y cng khng hn quan iphu Thi t nc ta, ri lib i. Ngi nh th ra sao?

Khng t p: Trong schy. Li hi: C phi l nginhn khng? p: Chabit[77]. C g chc gi cl ngi nhn.

V.19

Qu Vn t tam t nhi huhnh. T vn chi vit: Ti tkh h. Dch. (Quan i phu ncL l) Qu Vn t (gp vic gcng) suy ngh ba ln ri mihnh ng. Khng t nghec bo: Hai ln thi cng ri.

V.20

T vit: Ninh V t, banghu o tc tr, bang v o tcngu. K tr kh cp d, k ngubt kh cp d. Dch. Khng t ni: ngNinh V t (i phu nc V),khi nc c o (chnh tr tt)th t ra l ngi tr; khi ncv o (chnh tr xu) th lm rav ngu. Ci tr ca ng, ta theokp, ci ngu ca ng, ta khngtheo kp.

V.21

T ti Trn vit: Quy d, quid? Ng ng chi tiu t cunggin, ph nhin thnh chng,bt tri s d ti chi. Dch. Khng t ncTrn bo: V thi, v thi!Mn sinh qu hng ta c trln nhng khng thn trng(nng ni) c vn thi r rng,nhng khng bit t ch timnh.

Ch thch. Lc ny Khngt chn ngn v khng thi hnhc o trong thin h, m ligp nhiu iu chng may, nnmun tr v L, ch bo,hng dn thanh nin theo otrung chnh, sa li cunggin ca h.

V.22

T vit: B Di, Thc T btnim cu c, on th dng hi. Dch. Khng t ni: BDi v Thc T khng nh iuxu ca ngi, nn t on ai. Ch thch. B Di v ThcT u l con vua C Trc,khng chu nhn ngi vua, b i n; sau gip vua Vn vnglm ngi c c. Nhng khiV vng (con Vn vng)

em qun nh Tr nhThng, hai ng khng canc, vo n trong ni ThDng, chu cht i. Coitruyn trong b S K ca TM Thin. On th dng hi c ngihiu l: t ngi on hai ng y.Nhng bi VII.14 Khng t cni: cu nhn c nhn,hu h on? (hai ng y) cunhn th c nhn, cn onci g? V vy chng ti dch lnn t on ai, ch khng dch

l t b ngi ta on.

V.23

T vit: Thc v Vi SinhCao[78] trc? Hoc kht yn,kht ch k ln nhi d chi. Dch. Khng t ni: Aibo Vi Sinh Cao l ngay thng?C ngi n xin gim, ng xinca hng xm m cho.

V.24

T vit: Xo ngn, lnh sc,tc cung, T Khu Minh[79] schi, Khu dic s chi. Nc onnhi hu k nhn,T Khu Minhs chi, Khu dic s chi. Dch. Khng t ni: Ninng kho lo, nt mt gi bnim n, thi qu cung knh,ng T Khu Minh ly vy lmxu h, Khu ny cng ly vylm xu h. Giu lng on mb ngoi lm b thn thin vi

ngi, ng T Khu Minh lyvy lm xu h, Khu ny cngly vy lm xu h.

V.25

Nhan Uyn, Qu L th. Tvit: Hp cc ngn nh ch? T L vit: Nguyn xa m,y khinh cu, d bng hu cng,t chi nhi v hm. Nhan Uyn vit: Nguyn vpht thin, v thi lao. T L vit: Nguyn vn tchi ch. T vit: Lo gi an chi,bng hu tn chi, thiu gi hoi

chi. Dch. Nhan Uyn v QuL theo hu. Khng t bo:Sao khng k ch hng cacc anh cho ta nghe? T L tha: Con mong cxe, nga, o lng cu nh cc bn cng hng, d c hnt, con cng khng hn. Nhan Uyn tha: Conkhng mun khoe iu hay, kcng lao ca con. T L tha: Xin thy cho

chng con bit ch thy. Khng t p: Ta mun ccngi gi c an vui, cc bnb tin ln nhau, cc tr emc sn sc v v (nh vy lmun truyn o, ci to xhi). Hoc: Ta mun cc ngigi yn lng ni ta, cc bn btin cy ni ta, cc ngi trc an i ni[80] ta (nh vy lmun mnh gi c o hiuthun vi ngi gi, o thnh

tn vi bn, thi n vi ngitr).

V.26

T vit: D h h, ng vkin nng, kin k qu nhi nit tng gi d. Dch. Khng t ni: Htri (hoc qu ri), ta cha thyngi no thy li ca mnh mt trch mnh c.

V.27

T vit: Thp tht chi p,tt hu trung tn nh Khu giyn, bt nh Khu chi hiu hcd. Dch. Khng t ni:Trong mt p mi nh, tt cngi trung tn nh Khu,nhng khng c ai ham hcnh Khu ny.

THIN VIUNG D

VI.1

T vit: Ung d kh s namdin. Trng Cung vn T Tang Bt. T vit: Kh d, gin. Trng Cung vit: C knhnhi hnh gin, d lm k dn, btdic kh h? C gin nhi hnhgin, v ni i gin h. T

vit: Ung chi ngn nhin[81]. Dch. Khng t ni: AnhCung c th lm vua c[82]. Trng Cung (tc NhimUng) hi T Tang B t ra sao.Khng t p: Cng c(hoc cng kh), gin d[83].Trng Cung bo: T mnh thcung knh, m gin d trong victr dn, chng phi l gin dtrong vic tr dn, chng l tt? Nu t mnh th gin d (xuxo) m gin d trong vic tr

dn, chng phi l gin d thiqu sao? Khng t bo: AnhUng ni phi .

VI.2

Ai Cng vn: t thc vihiu hc? Khng t i vit:Hu Nhan Hi gi hiu hc,bt thin n, bt nh qu; bthnh on mnh t h, kim dtc v[84], v vn hiu hc gid. Dch. Vua L Ai cng hi:Hc tr ca thy, ai l ngihiu hc? Khng t p: CNhan Hi l ngi hiu hc,khng gin ly, khng phm

mt li no ti hai ln; chngmay mt sm ri, nay khngc ngi no nh vy na, tikhng nghe ni c ai hiu hcc. Ch thch. Chng ta :hiu hc theo Khng t l hamsa mnh, hc o.

VI.3

T Hoa[85] s T, Nhimt[86] vi k mu thnh tc. T vit: D chi ph. Thnhch. Vit: D chi du. Nhimt d chi tc ng bnh. T vit:Xch chi thch T d, tha phm, y khinh cu. Ng vn chid: Qun t chu cp bt kph. Nguyn T vi chi t. D chitc cu bch. T. T vit: V!

D d nh ln l, hng ngh? Dch. T Hoa i s ncT, Nhim Hu xin cp la chom T Hoa. Khng t bo:Cp cho mt ph (6 u 4thng). Nhim Hu xin thm,Khng t bo: Cho mt du(16 u). Nhim t cp chomt bnh (16 hc, mi hc l 10u). Khng t bo: Anh Xchi sang T, ci nga mp, mco cu nh ( ni giu sang).Ta nghe ni: Ngi qun t chu

cp cho k ngho ch khnglm giu thm cho ngi giu. Nguyn T lm quan T.Khng t pht cho chn[87] trm(hc hay u, khng r).Nguyn T t chi. Khng tni: ng! Sao khng em lacp cho nhng ngi nghotrong lng xm, lng ging?

VI.4

T v Trng Cung[88] vit:L ngu chi t, tuynh (hoctinh) th gic, tuy dc vt dng,sn xuyn k x ch? Dch. Khng t ni vTrng Cung: Con ca con blang[89] lng m sng ngayngn; d ngi ta khng mundng n lm vt cng t (v chn l con ca b lang) nhngthn ni sng u c b n (mkhng hng).

VI.5

T vit: Hi d, k tm tamnguyt bt vi nhn, k d tcnht nguyt ch yn nhi d h. Dch. Khng t ni: AnhHi (Nhan Uyn), lng ba thngkhng la o nhn, cn ccanh khc, mt ngy, mt thngl cng.

VI.6

Qu Khang t vn: TrngDo kh s tng chnh d d?T vit: Do d qu, tngchnh h h hu? Vit: Td, kh s tng chnh d d?Vit: T d t, tng chnhh h hu? Vit: Cu d, khs tng chnh d d? Vit:Cu d ngh, tng chnh hh hu? Dch. Qu Khang t hi:Thy Trng Do (T L) c th

tng s chnh tr (tc lm quani phu) c khng? Khngt p: Trng Do l ngiquyt on, tng s chnh tr cg m khng c? Hi: ThyT (T Cng) c th tng schnh tr c khng? Khngt p: T thng hiu s l,tng s chnh tr c g mkhng c? Hi: Thy Cu(Nhim Hu) c th tng schnh tr c khng? p:Cu ti ngh, tng s chnh trc g m khng c?

VI.7

Qu Th s Mn T Khin [90]vi Ph (hoc B) t. Mn TKhin vit: Thin vi ng tyn. Nh hu phc ng gi, tcng tt ti Vn thng h. Dch. H Qu sai Mn TKhin lm quan t t Ph. MnT Khin ni vi s gi: ngkho t chi dm cho ti. Nutriu ti ln na th ti s ln b pha Bc sng Vn (tc trnqua T).

VI.8

B Ngu[91] hu tt, T vnchi, t d chp k th, vit:V[92] chi, mnh h ph? Tnhn d nhi hu t tt d![93]. Dch. B Ngu au,Khng t li thm, ng ngoica s, nm tay B Ngu, bo:V l! Do mnh tri chng?Con ngi nh vy m b bnh!

VI.9

T vit: Hin tai, Hi d!Nht an t, nht biu m, tilu hng, nhn bt kham k u.Hi d bt ci k lc. Hin tai,Hi d! Dch. Khng t ni: Hinthay, anh Hi. Mt gi cm,mt bu nc, trong nghm, ngi khc u su khngchu ni cnh khn kh . AnhHi th khng i nim vui.Hin thay, anh Hi!

VI.10

Nhim Cu vit: Phi btduyt t chi o, lc bt tcd. T vit: Lc bt tc gi,trung o nhi ph, kim nhhoch. Dch. Nhim Cu tha:Khng phi con khng thcho ca thy, ch ti sc conkhng (khng theo kp).Khng t bo: Nu sc khng th na ng b d; cnanh th t vch gii hn

khng tin na.

VI.11

T v T H vit: Nh viqun t nho, v vi tiu nhnnho. Dch. Khng t bo TH: Anh nn lm nh nhoqun t, khng nn lm nhnho tiu nhn. Ch thch. Theo schThuyt vn th nho ctrc Khng t t lu v miu tr cc thut s, ti thi

Khng t tr i, mi tr nhngngi tr thc chun b ra lmquan; t sau Khng t tr i,mi tr nhng ngi theo oKhng. Khng t khuyn TH ng nn lm mt nh nho(ngi tr thc) ch c ti nghm thi, m nn lm mt nhnho qun t, c o c: T Hgii v vn hc, Khng t muncho T H c c o c caona.

VI.12

T Du vi V Thnh t. Tvit: Nh c nhn yn nhh? Vit: Hu am i DitMinh[94] gi, hnh bt do knh,phi cng s, v thng ch Yn chi tht d. Dch. T Du lm chc tp V Thnh. (t cng nhtrng, cm u mt c quanhay cai tr mt ni). Khng thi: Anh tm c ngino tt cha. T Du p: C

am i Dit Minh; ngi ykhng theo ng tt, khng vvic cng th khng n nhYn con.

VI.13

T vit: Mnh Chi Phn[95]bt pht. Bn nhi in, tngnhp mn, sch k m, vit:Phi cm hu d, m bt tind. Dch. Khng t ni: ngMnh Ch Phn khng khoecng. Khi thua chy, ng lisau qun. Lc sp vo thnh,ng qut con nga, bo:Khng phi ti dm li sau,ch v con nga khng chy

mau c.

VI.14

T vit: Bt hu Chc[96] chi nnh nhi hu Tngtriu chi m, nan h min kimchi th h Dch. Khng t ni:Khng c ti kho ni (nnhnt) ca Chc m c dungnhan p ca cng t Triunc Tng th kh trnh cho thi ny.

VI.15

T vit: Thy nng xut btdo h? H mc do t o d? Dch. Khng t ni: Ai rakhi nh m khng qua ca?Th th ti sao khng theochnh o? Ch thch. Ai ra khi nhcng do ca, ngha l do ngchnh, (ch khng tro tngchng hn), vy m trong vicc x lp thn th ngi ta li

khng theo chnh o, m theoli tt.

VI.16

T vit: Cht thng vn tcd; vn thng cht tc s; vncht bn bn, nhin hu qunt. Dch. Khng t ni: Chtphc thng vn nh th l nginh qu ma, vn nh thngcht phc th l ngi chp s(gi vic vn th), vn v chtu nhau mi l ngi qunt.

VI.17

T vit: Nhn chi sinh dtrc, vng chi sinh d hnh nhimin. Dch. Khng t ni: Lsng l phi ngay thng, chngngay thng m sng th maymn khi cht y thi. Ch thch. C ngi hiu:Bn tnh con ngi l ngaythng

VI.18

T vit: Tri chi gi bt nhhiu chi gi; hiu chi gi btnh lc chi gi. Dch. Khng t ni: Bit(o l) khng bng thch n;thch n khng bng vui lmtheo n (hoc coi n l mt thvui).

VI.19

T vit: Trung nhn dthng kh d ng thng d;trung nhn d h bt kh d ngthng d. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi c t cht t bc trungtr ln th c th ging o lcao xa cho c, t bc trungtr xung, khng th ging ol cao xa cho c

VI.20

Phn Tr vn tr. T vit:V nhn[97] chi ngha, knh quthn nhi vin chi, kh v tr h.Vn nhn. Vit: Nhn gi tinnan nhi hu hoch, kh v nhnh. Dch. Phn Tr hi th nol tr (sng sut). Khng t p:Chuyn tm lm vic nghagip ngi, knh trng qu thnnhng trnh xa, nh vy c thgi l tr. Li hi th no l

nhn. p: Ngi c c nhnphi chu kh nhc lm lng ri sau mi lm c kt qu,nh vy c th gi l cnhn.

VI.21

T vit: Tr gi nho thy,nhn gi nho sn. Tr ging, nhn gi tnh. Tr gi lc,nhn gi th. Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi tr thch nc, nginhn thch ni. Ngi tr thhot ng, ngi nhn th trmtnh, ngi tr vui sng, nginhn sng lu.

VI.22

T vit: T nht bin, ch L, L nht bin ch o. Dch. Khng t ni:Nc T m thay i (chnhtr v gio ho) mt bc th ntrnh nc L; nc L thayi mt bc th t c o(ca tin vng t c vngo). Ch thch. T theo b o,t thi T Hon cng, gp v

mu li, tuy cng nhng gioho km ri; L tuy nhc,nhng cn trng l gio, trngtn ngha; nu thay i mt bcth s tht tt.

VI.23

T vit: C bt c, c tai!C tai. Dch. Khng t ni: Cic[98] m khng c cnh gc thsao gi l ci c! Sao gi l cic!

VI.24

T Ng vn vit: Nhn gi,tuy co chi vit: Tnh hu nhnyn, k tng chi d? T vit:H vi k nhin d? Qun tkh th d, bt kh hm d, khthi d, bt kh vng d. Dch. T Ng hi: Ngic c nhn[99] nghe bo: Cngi t xung ging th cnhy xung vt m cht theokhng? Khng t p: Sao lilm nh vy? Ngi qun t c

th li ging xem (ri tm cchcu) ch khng th chongi ta hm hi mnh (hoc:ch khng t hm hi mnh); cth b gt mt cch hp l, chkhng th b gt mt cch vl.

VI.25

T vit: Qun t bc hc vn, c chi d l, dic kh dpht bn h ph! Dch. Khng t ni:Ngi qun t hc rng vThi, Th, t c thc bng l(qui tc, nghi thc, k lut tinhthn) nh vy c th khng trivi o l.

VI.26

T kin Nam t, T L btduyt. Phu t th chi vit: Ds ph gi, thin ym chi, thinym chi! Dch. Khng t v chonng Nam t, T L khngbng lng. Khng t th: Tac lm g tri th tri b ta, trib ta! Ch thch. Khng t hi n nc V V vua V

Linh cng l Nam t c tingdm ng, mi ng ti gpmt, ng theo l, khng th tchi. T L ly lm xu h.Vic ny chp trong S k caT M Thin. Nhng nhiu hcgi khng hiu ti sao Khng tphi th c nh vy, v a ravi ba cch hiu khc nhau ugng c. (Coi Lun ng nhthp ging).

VI.27

T vit: Trung dung chi vic d, k ch h h! Dn tincu h. Dch. Khng t ni:Trung dung l c cc pvy. T lu ri, ngi ta t cc . Ch thch. C ngi dchcu sau l t ngi gi c c lu.

VI.28

T Cng vit: Nh hu bcth dn nhi nng t chng, hnh? Kh v nhn h? T vit:H s nhn! Tt d thnhh! Nghiu, Thun k do bnhch! Ph nhn gi, k dc lpnhi lp nhn, k dc t nhi tnhn. Nng cn th th, kh vnhn chi phng d d. Dch. T Cng hi: Nuc ngi thi n cho nhn dn vcu i chng, th ngi y th

no. C th gi l ngi nhnkhng? Khng t p: Saoch gi l ngi nhn thi? Phigi l bc thnh ch! VuaNghiu, Thun cng cha lmc nh vy thay. Nginhn, mnh mun t lp thcng mun gip ngi thnhcng. Bit t bng ta suy rabng ngi (mnh mun g thgip ngi c ci ) lphng php thc hnh cangi nhn.

THIN VIITHUT NHI

VII.1

T vit: Thut nhi bt tc,tn nhi hiu c, thit b ngLo Bnh. Dch. Khng t ni: Tatruyn thut (o ca c nhn)m khng sng tc, tin v thch(kinh in ca) c (nhn); tatrm v vi ng Lo Bnh ca

ta. Ch thch. Chu Hi boLo Bnh l mt i phu thiThng. C ngi bo LoBnh l Lo am (Lo t).Ngi khc li bo Lo Bnh lBnh T, sng by trm tui,b ti vua Nghiu. Trnh Huynbo Lo Bnh l hai ngi: Loam v Bnh T. Khng thuytno tin c c. S thc chabit l ai.

VII.2

T vit: Mc nhi ch chi,hc nhi bt ym, hi nhn btquyn, h hu ng tai! Dch. Khng t ni:Trm mc suy ngh ri ghi volng, hc khng chn, dyngi khng mi, ngoi ra ta cci g khc u? (c ngidch l: ba c c ni tachng?).

VII.3

T vit: c chi bt tu, hcchi bt ging, vn ngha btnng t, bt thin bt nng ci,th ng u d. Dch. Khng t ni: oc khng sa tin, hc vnchng ging tp, nghe ciu ngha m khng lm theo,c li m khng sa i, lnhng mi lo ca ta.

VII.4

T chi yn c, thn thn nhd, th th[100] nh d. Dch. Khng t lc nhnc th oan trang, thn thi hovui.

VII.5

T vit: Thm h ng suyd! Cu h, ng bt phc mngkin Chu Cng[101]. Dch. Khng t ni: Ta suy lm ri! T lu khngcn mng thy ng Chu Cng.

VII.6

T vit: Ch o, c c, y nhn, du ngh. Dch. Khng t ni: tm ch vo o, gi gn chnh, nng theo iu nhn, vuiv lc ngh (tc l, nhc, x,ng, th vit ch, s tonphp).

VII.7

T vit: T hnh thc tu dthng, ng v thng v hiyn. Dch. Khng t ni: Aidng l xin hc th t mt bnem tr ln, ta cha tng (chl t) m khng dy.

VII.8

T vit: Bt phn bt khi,bt ph bt pht. C nht ngung,bt d tam ngung phn, tc btphc d. Dch. Khng t ni: Kno khng pht phn tmhiu th ta khng m (gingcho); khng rng t kin(mun ni m khng c) thta khng khai pht cho. Ta vncho mt gc ri m khng tsuy ngh tm ra ba gc kia, th

ta khng dy cho na.

VII.9

T thc hu tang gi chitrc, v thng bo d. T thnht khc tc bt ca. Dch. Khng t n vingi tang th (bun m) khngn no. Ngy no Khng t (iiu m) khc th ngy khng n ca.

VII.10

T v Nhan Uyn vit: Dngchi tc hnh, x chi tc tng,duy ng d nh hu th ph! TL[102] vit: T hnh tam qun,tc thy d. T vit: Bo hbng h, t nhi v hi gi, ngbt d d. Tt d lm s nhi c,hiu mu nhi thnh gi d. Dch. Khng t bo NhanUyn: C ai dng th ta emo ra thi hnh, khng dng ththu tng (gi) o l (c ngi

dch l n vi o l), ch thyv anh c nh vy thi! TL hi: Nu thy thng lnhtam qun th thy la ai gip? Khng t p: Taykhng m bt cp, khng m liqua sng[103], cht khng ticthn, k y ta khng cho theogip ta. Nht nh l bit k nolm s m bit lo s, thntrng, kho mu tnh ri miquyt nh (hoc thnh cng).

VII.11

T vit: Ph nhi kh cu d,tuy chp tin chi s, ng dic vichi; nh bt kh cu, tng ngs hiu. Dch. Khng t ni: Phqu m c th cu c th dlm k cm roi nh xe hungi (cng vic ti tin), tacng lm, ph qu m khngth cu c, th ta c theo sthch ca ta.

VII.12

T chi s thn: trai, chin,tt. Dch. Khng t thn trongnhng khi trai gii, chin tranhv bnh tt.

VII.13

T ti T vn thiu, tamnguyt bt tri nhc v, vit: Bt vi nhc chi ch t d. Dch. Khng t khi T,nghe nhc Thiu, ba thng linkhng bit mi tht, bo:Khng ng nhc tc ngti ta c nh vy. (c ngidch: khng ng vua Thun lmc khc nhc tn thin, tnm nh vy).

Ch thch. V nhc Thiu,coi bi III.25.

VII.14

Nhim Hu vit: Phu t vV qun h? T cng vit:Nc, ng tng vn chi.Nhp vit: B Di, Thc T, hnhn d. Vit: C chi hinnhn d. Vit: On h? Vit:Cu nhn nhi c nhn, huh on? Xut vit: Phu t btv d. Dch. Nhim Hu hi:Thy ta c thin v vi vua Tkhng? T Cng p: , ti

cng c hi thy vic . Riv hi Khng t: Tha thy,B Di v Thc T l ngi nhth no? p: L ngi hinxa. Li hi: Hai ng y con hn g khng? p: Cunhn c nhn th cn onhn g na? T Cng tr rabo Nhim Hu: Thy khngthin v vi vua V u. Ch thch. Khng t lc nc V, m vua V l VXut cng bt hiu, cp ngicha trong khi cha t lon ra

nc ngoi; ri khi cha v, emqun ra c cha. Nhim Hu vT Cng nghi Khng t c nh bnh vc vua V, cho nnT Cng em vic B Di, ThcT hi d Khng t. BDi, Thc T (coi bi V.22) lhai anh em rut, con vua CTrc, cui i Thng, u iChu. B Di l anh c, Thc Tl em t. Vua C Trc yuThc T, lp di mnh cho ThcT ni ngi. Triu nh theo dimnh, lp Thc T, Thc T

khng chu, nhng li cho BDi cho phi l. B Di cngkhng chu, bo c tun theolnh cha. Khng ai chu nhnri trn c vo ni, triu nhphi lp ngi con gia. Vyhai ngi ly ngha lmtrng, tri hn vi vua V.Khng t khen h tc th l chvua V ri; cho nn T Cngbo Nhim Hu: Thy khngthin v vi vua V u. Coi linhn xt v ngha v nghthut bi ny trong C vn

Trung Quc ca ti, tr.20-21(Tao n 1966). B Di, ThcT cn c coi l nhn v ldm can V vng (nh Chu)ng nh nh n (dit vuaTr).

VII.15

T vit: Phn s t, mthy, khc qung nhi chm chi,nhc dic ti k trung h. Btngha nhi ph th qu, ngnh ph vn. Dch. Khng t ni: ngo xu, ung nc l, co cnhtay m gi u, trong cnh cng c ci vui. Lm iu btngha m c giu sang th tacoi nh my ni.

VII.16

T vit: Gia ng s nin,ng thp d hc Dch, kh d vi qu h. Dch. Khng t ni: Chota sng thm t nm na, tinm chc tui nghin cu Dch( bit l tin thoi) th c thkhng lm li ln. Ch thch. Khng t nicu chc vo khong ngoi40 tui. Nhng c ngi bo

hai ch ng thp [] chnhl ch tt [] chp lm, chdch [] chnh l ch dic [](cng), v chm cu nh sau:Gia ng s nin tt d hc, dickh d v i qu h, dch l:Cho ta sng thm t nm na hc th cng c th khnglm li ln[104].

VII.17

T s nh ngn, Thi, Th,chp l, giai nh ngn d. Dch. Khng t cng clc dng ngn ng tiu chun(ca triu nh nh Chu); khic Thi, Th v lm l, udng ngn ng tiu chun. Ch thch. Thi , ngnng dng triu nh nh Chul ngn ng tiu chun, phthng cho mi nc (cng nh

ting Bc Kinh ngy nay dngcho c nc Trung Hoa, chonn gi l ting ph thng).Khng t ngy thng dngngn ng ca L, nhng khic Thi, Th v lm l th dngngn ng ca Chu. C ngi hiu khc hn: nhngn l ging lun v dch l:Khng t hay ging v KinhThi, Kinh Th v gi l

VII.18

Dip cng vn Khng t T L, t l bt i. T vit:Nh h bt vit: k vi nhn d,pht phn vong thc, lc dvong u, bt tri lo chi tngch vn nh. Dch. Dip cng (i phunc S, h Thm, tn ChLng, hi lm quan lnh huyn Dip, t xng cn lcng) hi T L v Khng t,T L khng p. Khng t

bo: Sao anh khng bo: ylm ngi pht phn c sch(tm hiu o l) n qun n,khi tm c ri th vui sngn qun mi lo bun, khngbit rng ci gi n ti ni ri,nh vy .

VII.19

T vit: Ng phi sinh nhi trichi gi, hiu c, mn d cu chigi d. Dch. Khng t ni: Tachng phi tri sanh ra bito l, ta a thch vn ho cm sing nng tm hc.

VII.20

T bt ng: qui, lc, lon,thn. Dch. Khng t khng niv (4 ci ny): qui d, dnglc, phn lon, qu thn.

VII.21

T vit: Tam nhn hnh, tthu ng s yn: trch k thingi nhi tng chi, k bt thin ginhi ci chi. Dch. Khng t ni: Bangi cng i (ta vi hai ngina) tt c ngi lm thy ta:la ci hay ca ngi ny mhc, xt ci quy ca ngi kiam t sa mnh. Ch thch. C ngi cho

ch tam (ba) y tr mt skhng nht nh: vi ba hochn cng c.

VII.22

T vit: Thin sinh c d, Hon Khi k nh d h? Dch. Khng t ni: Tricho ta c phm c, Hon Khilm g c ta? Ch thch. Vic ny, TM Thin chp trong S k:Khng t qua nc Tng cngvi t tp v l di mtgc cy ln. Quan t m ncTng l Hon Khi (khng hiu

v l g) mun git ng, cho ncy . Khng t (thng thng)i. t bo: Mnh i mauln, Khng t p: Tri chota phm c. Coi li bntrong cun Khng t.

VII.23

T vit: Nh tam t d ng vin h? Ng v n h nh. Ngv hnh nhi bt d nh tam tgi, th Khu d. Dch. Khng t ni: Cctr ng rng ta c iu g giucc tr chng? Ta chng ciu g giu c. Ta khng lmiu g m chng cho cc trhay. Khu ny nh vy .

VII.24

T d t gio: vn, hnh,trung, tn. Dch. Khng t dy hctr v: vn (in tch, vn hin),hnh (hnh vi, thc hnh) lntrung (tn tm), tn. C th cl hnh (c hnh)[105].

VII.25

T vit: Thnh nhn, ng btc nhi kin chi h, c kinqun t gi, t kh h. T vit:Thin nhn, ng bt c nhikin chi h, c kin hu hnggi, t kh h. V nhi vi hu, hnhi vi doanh, c nhi vi thi,nan h hu hng h. Dch. Khng t ni: Bcthnh nhn, ta cha c thy,thy c bc qun t cngkh ri. Khng t ni: Bc

thin nhn, ta cha c thy,thy ngi tit tho khng thayi cng kh ri. Khng c mbo l c, rng m bo l y,thiu m bo l d (c ngidch l tn tin m bo l rngri), nh vy kh bo l tittho khng thay i c.

VII.26

T vit: T iu nhi btvng, dc bt x tc. Dch. Khng t cu thkhng dng li, bn th khngbn chim ang ng.

VII.27

T vit: Ci hu bt tri nhitc chi gi, ng v th d. avn, trch k thin gi nhi tngchi, a kin nhi ch chi, tri chith d. Dch. Khng t ni: Cnhng k khng bit m lmcn, ta khng nh vy. Nghenhiu, chn iu phi lm theo,thy nhiu m ghi nh, nh vym bit c, bit nh vy chl hng th (km hng sinh ra

bit). Ch thch. Tri (chi th d)c ngi c l tr. E lm vthin XVI Qu th, bi 9 c cu:Sinh nhi tri chi, thng d; hcnhi tri chi, th d; m thinVII, bi 19, Khng t cng ni:Ng phi sinh nhi tri chi gi; rrng Khng t nhn l hnghc nhi tri chi, tc hng thchi.

VII.28

H hng nan d ngn.ng t kin, mn sinh hoc.T vit: D k tin d, bt dk thoi d, duy h thm? Nhnkhit k d tin, d k khit d,bt bo k vng d. Dch. Ngi lng H (cting l c nghch) kh gingiu phi cho h nghe c;mt thanh nin lng li ytkin ( xin hc); Khng ttip, t phn vn nghi hoc.

Khng t bo: Ngi ta tinb th mnh tn thnh, thoi bth khng tn thnh, h tt phi(nghim khc) thi qu. Ngita t tinh khit m mong ctin b, th ta tn thnh lngtinh khit ca h (by gi) chkhng ng v (hoc k ti)d vng ca h. (C ngi dchl khng bo lnh v d vngca h. Lm Ng ng lihiu l v hnh ng sau nyca h).

VII.29

T vit: Nhn vin h tai?Ng dc nhn, t nhn ch h. Dch. Khng t ni: iunhn, u c xa g? Ta munn th n n.

VII.30

Trn t bi vn: Chiu cngtri l h? Khng t vit: Tril. Khng t thoi p Vu MK nhi tin chi, vit: Ng vnqun t bt ng, qun t dicng h? Qun th Ng, ving tnh, v chi Ng Mnh t.Qun nhi tri l, thc bt tri l?Vu M K d co. T vit:Khu d hnh, cu hu qu,nhn tt tri chi. Dch. Quan t bi (coi b

hnh) nc Trn hi: VuaChiu cng (nc L) c bit lkhng? Khng t p: Bitl. Khng t lui ra ri, quan tbi vi Vu M K (hc trKhng t) mi tin ln, hi:Ti nghe ni ngi qun tkhng thin v, t ra qun tcng thin v sao? Vua L cicon gi nc Ng, cng h vimnh, gi tri ra l Ng Mnht[106]. Vua Chiu cng m bitl th ai m khng bit l? VuM K thut li vi Khng t.

Khng t ni: Khu ny maymn, c li g th mi ngi ubit.

VII.31

T d nhn ca nhi thin, tts phn chi, nhi hu ho chi. Dch. Khng t ht vi ai,thy ngi y ht hay th bongi ht li mnh cnght.

VII.32

T vit: Vn, mc ng donhn d; cung hnh qun t, tcng v chi hu c. Dch. Khng t ni: Hcv hc thut, sch v th hochng ta cng bng ngi; cnlm ngi qun t th ta chac.

VII.33

T vit: Nhc thnh dnhn, tc ng khi th[107]? cvi chi bt ym, hi nhn btquyn, tc kh v vn nh d h.Cng Ty Hoa vit: Chnh duy t bt nng hc d. Dch. Khng t ni: Lmc bc thnh vi nhn th tau dm. Bt qu ta hc lm(thnh, nhn) m khng chn,dy ngi m khng mt, chc th gi c nh vy m

thi. Cng Ty Hoa tha: chnh l iu chng con khnghc c.

VII.34

T tt bnh, T L thnho. T vit: Hu ch? TL i vit: Hu chi, Ly vit:o nh thng h thnchi. T vit: Khu chi ocu h. Dch. Khng t au nng,T L xin php cu o. Khngt ni: C l y chng? T Lp: Tha c, sch Lu (schchp cc bi cu o) c cu:V ng m cu o vi thn

trn tri di t. Khng tni: Khu ny cu o t luri. ( ni n phi o thchng cn cu o).

VII.35

T vit: Xa tc bt tn,kim tc c, d k bt tn d,ninh c. Dch. Khng t ni: Xax th d ho ra kiu ngo, kimphc th d ho ra qu ma.Th chu ting qu ma cnhn l kiu ngo.