LP2, an I, sem II
-
Upload
mara-balan -
Category
Documents
-
view
70 -
download
3
description
Transcript of LP2, an I, sem II
![Page 1: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
L.P. II1. Anomalii faciale – implicatii clinice 2. Anomalii tiroidiene 3. Formare si anomalii hipofiza Lame: 1. Arcuri branhiale – sectiune transversala; frontala 2. Cavitate bucala primitiva 3. Cavitate bucala definitiva 4. Timus fetal
![Page 2: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mezenchimul din care se formeaza regiunea cefalica este derivat din:
1)Mezodermul paraxial( somite si somitomere)- rosu
2) Mezodermul placii laterale-galben
3) Creasta neurala- albastruCaracteristic este formareaarcurilor faringiene.
![Page 3: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Arcuri faringiene( branhiale)
Fiecare arc faringian este format din:- Central –tesut
mezenchimal( derivat din mezodermul paraxial si lateral si din celulele crestei neurale)
- La exterior , acoperit de ectoderm- La interior , acoperit de
endodermFiecare arc contine 1 artera( unarc aortic care strabate arculfaringian si face legatura dintreaorta ventrala si dorsala) si 1nerv cranian.Intre arcurile faringiene la exteriorse afla fante faringiene si lainterior recesuri ( pungi) faringiene.
![Page 4: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Arc/ Reces/ Fanta
1- arc faringian I (arc mandibular)
2- arc faringian II( arc hioid)
3- arc faringian III4- arc faringian IV5- reces faringian6- fanta/te faringiene
![Page 5: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fiecare arc faringian este inervat de un nerv cranian propriu: 1)n. V inerveaza arcul I; 2)n.VII inerveaza arcul II;3)n.IX inerveaza arcul III;
4)n. X (n. Laringeu superior) inerveaza musculaturaarcului IV; n.X( n. Laringeu recurent) inerveaza musculatura arcului VI
![Page 6: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Structurile derivate din arcurile/pungile/ fantele faringiene si inervatia lor
![Page 7: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dezvoltarea limbii - 2 muguri linguali laterali si un mugure median(tubercul impar)- origine in arcul I
faringian- alt mugure median= copula=eminenta hipobranhiala- origine in arcurile II, III, IV
- alt mugure median , situat in patrea post. a arcului IV va forma epiglotaMugurii laterali cresc in dimensiuni, acopera tuberculul impar si fuzioneaza formind
corpul limbii( 2/3ant)Radacina limbii ( 1/3post) are originea in arcurile II, III si partial IV
Corpul va fi separat de radacina prin santul terminal.Anomalii: anchiloglosia(limba fixa)=fuziunea partiala sau totala a limbii cu planseul
cavitatii bucale( friul se extinde pina la virful limbii)
![Page 12: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mugurii faciali• Apar la sfirsitul S6Formati din mezenchim derivatdin creasta neurala( din arcul I faringian)• Mugurii maxilari( lateral de
stomodeum)• Mugurii mandibulari(caudal de
stomodeum)• Mugurele fronto-nazal( format din
mezenchimul situat ventral de veziculele cerebrale), formeaza marginea superioara a stomodeumului. De fiecare parte a mugurelui fronto-nazal se formeaza placodele nazale care in S5 invagineaza si formeaza santurile nazale. Tesutul adiacent santurilor nazale formeaza mugurii nazali mediali si laterali.
![Page 13: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
La formarea buzei superioare contribuie cei 2 muguri nazali mediali si cei 2 muguri maxilari.
La formarea buzei inferioare participa mugurii mandibulari care fuzioneaza pe linie mediana.
La formarea nasului participa 5 muguri faciali: mugurele frontal- piramida nazala(oasele nazale); mugurii nazali mediali fuzionati- creasta nazala si virful
nasului;mugurii nazali laterali- aripile nazale.Obrajii- mugurele maxilar.
![Page 14: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Formarea palatuluiMugurii maxilari se dezvolta spre medial si deci mugurii nazali mediali vorfuziona atit la suprafata cit si in profunzime - se va forma segmentulintermaxilar.Alcatuit din:- O componenta labiala din care se va forma filtrum( depresiunea infranazala a buzei
superioare)- O componenta a osului maxilar- pe care se insera cei 4 incisivi superiori- O componenta palatina din care se formeaza palatul primar( de forma
triunghiulara).
![Page 22: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Formarea palatului secundar( 6,5S- 7,5S)- in S6 apar lamele palatine( 2 procese aplatizate ale mugurilor maxilari) cu traiect oblic descendent de-o parte si de
alta a limbii- in S7 lamele palatine se deplaseaza ascendent si ajung in pozitie orizontala deasupra limbii, apoi fuzioneaza si
formeaza palatul secundar
![Page 23: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Formarea palatului dur- S10- cele 2 lame palatine au fuzionat intre ele dar si cu septul nazal si cu palatul primar
- limita dintre palatul primar si cel secundar este gaura incisiva
![Page 24: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Malformatii facialeGaura incisiva este limita dintre malformatiile anterioare si cele posterioare
• Anterior de gaura incisiva:- Cheiloschizis = despicatura
buzei superioare= buza de iepure
- Gnatoschizis= maxilar despicat- Palatoschizis= fisura intre
palatul primar si palatul secundar
- Sint cauzate de absenta fuziunii dintre mugurele maxilar si mugurii nazali mediali
- Poate fi uni sau bilaterala
• Posterior de gaura incisiva:- Palatoschizis= despicatura
palatului secundar- Uvuloschizis = uvula
despicata- Cauza- absenta fuziunii
dintre cele 2 lame palatineFactori: - hipolplazia lamelor palatine- Blocarea procesului de
orizontalizare a lamelor- Lipsa coboririi limbii intre
cele 2 procese palatine
![Page 25: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Malformatii asociate( despicaturi anterior de gaura incisiva asociate su despicaturi posterior de gaura incisiva)
A- N; B- cheiloschizis unilateral( ajunge pina la nivelul cavitatii nazale); C- cheiloschizis anterior unilateral( pina la gaura incisiva); D- cheiloschizis
bilateral anterior; E- palatochizis izolat; F- palatoschizis asociat cu cheiloschizis anterior unilateral
![Page 26: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Malformatii faciale
• uvuloschizis
![Page 28: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dezvoltarea tiroidei- se formeaza intre tuberculul impar si copula ( foramen caecum)
- coboara anterior de intestinul faringian ( mentine in timpul coboririi contactul cu limba prin ductul tireoglos care ulterior dispare)
- in S6 ajunge in pozitie finala( anterior de trahee)- devine fuctionala la sfirsitul L3 IU( coloidul este produs de celulele foliculare care secreta
tiroxina si triiodotironina)- celulele parafoliculare ( celulele C) deriva din corpulultimobranhial( recesul V) si secreta
calcitonina
![Page 31: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Anomaliile ductului tireoglos si ale glandei tiroide
Oriunde pe traiectul de migrare a glandei tiroide se poate forma unchist tireoglos - localizat pe liniamediana sau in apropiere:- 50% dintre chisturi sint in
apropierea hioidului- La baza limbii- In vecinatatea cartilajului tiroidUneori ductul tireoglos comunicacu exteriorul- fistula( consecinta a
ruperii unui chist tireoglos).
![Page 36: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tesut tiroidian ectopic
• Poate fi prezent la orice nivel de-a lungul caii de migrare a glandei tiroide
• Frecvent la baza limbii• Afectat in bolile tiroidiene
tipice
![Page 38: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dezvoltarea hipofizei
• Se dezvolta din 2 structuri:1) Din punga lui Rathke( o evaginatie
ectodermica a stomodeumului, situata anterior de membrana bucofaringiana).
- Numarul celulelor dinperetele anterior al pungiiRathke creste si formeaza lobulanterior( adenohipofiza)- Din partea posterioara a pungiiRathke se formeaza parteaIntermediara a adenohipofizei1) O prelungire inferioara a diencefalului (
infundibul)- Din infundibul se formeaza tija pituitara
si lobul posterior( neurohipofiza)La sfirsitul L2 , punga Rathke pierdelegatura cu cavitatea orala si se afla incontact cu infundibulului.
![Page 39: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Malformatiile hipofizei
• Persistenta unei mici portiuni din punga Rathke in peretele superior al faringelui = glanda hipofiza faringiana
• Craniofaringiomul, origine in vestigiile pungii Rathke
- localizare: 1) saua turceasca 2) tija pituitara 3) superior de saua turceasca - poate produce hidrocefalie, disfunctii hipofizare
![Page 40: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Craniofaringiom
![Page 41: LP2, an I, sem II](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081416/55cf8c775503462b138cb6e6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Timusul- se formeaza din ramificatia ventrala a recesului III, migreaza in directie caudala si medial, apoi fuzioneaza cu glanda opusa. Cresterea si
dezvoltarea timusului continua pina la pubertate.