Low Emission Thermoplastic Technology

for Global Automotive Applications

Senior Research Scientist

12 May 2017

应用于汽车的低气味低散发材料技术

高级研发科学家

2017年5月12日

Steve Rogers

Trinseo Automotive 盛禧奥汽车事业部

VOC 是什么？

• VOC 来源

• 为何减少 VOC？

Agenda 议程

VOC，雾化及气味:

• 测试方法

• 影响因素

低 VOC、雾化及气味:

• 盛禧奥材料技术

• 盛禧奥 ABS、PC/ABS 及 PP

产品性能

What are VOC

emissions?

• Sources of VOC‘s

• Why reduce

VOC‘s?

VOC, Fogging &

Odor:

• Test methods

• Variables affecting

the amount

Low VOC, Fogging

& Odor:

• Trinseo material

technology

• Trinseo ABS,

PC/ABS & PP

product

performance

Volatile Organic Compounds 挥发性有机化合物

Volatile organic compounds (VOC‘s) are

carbon-based chemicals, which under the

right conditions can evaporate into the air

(emission)

挥发性有机化合物 (VOC’s) 是含碳化合物，在适当条件下会挥发到空气中

Volatile Organic Compounds 挥发性有机化合物

Vehicle interior components (e.g., vinyl, leather, adhesives, foam

cushions, carpet, other plastics)

• Emission of VOC’s from these materials over an extended

period of time from migration and aging related degradation.

Accelerated by temperature, humidity & UV extremes.

Vehicle exhaust emissions and outside airborne pollutants

• Intake of outdoor air contaminants through the vehicle

ventilation system or open windows

汽车内饰材料 (如：乙烯基类塑料、皮革、胶黏剂、泡沫垫子、地毯及其他塑料)

• 经过一段时间后，材料中原有的小分子和老化产生的分解物会形成VOC。在温度、湿度及 UV 照射下将加速散发。

汽车排气散发和车外空气中的污染物

• 车外空气污染物透过汽车通风系统或开窗，进入车箱内

Sources of VOC’s 挥发性有机化合物来源

Volatile Organic Compounds 挥发性有机化合物

Chemicals brought into the vehicle

• Deodorizers, cleaning and conditioning products

Effects on human health from VOC’s can include:

• Skin, eye, nose,

throat irritation

• Respiratory illness

外来的化学品

• 防臭剂、清洁剂及香水类

挥发性有机化合物对人类健康产生的影响：

• 刺激皮肤、眼睛、

鼻子及喉咙

• 呼吸道疾病

Sources of VOC’s 挥发性有机化合物来源

• 头痛

• 疲劳

• 疾病

• Headache

• Fatigue

• Disease

Volatile Organic Compounds 挥发性有机化合物

• VOC emissions can negatively impact customer

satisfaction with a vehicle

• “Fogging” on the inside of window glass due to the

deposition of VOC’s emitting from interior part

materials reduces visibility

• Customers now generally prefer a “neutral smell”

instead of the “new car smell” that can be related to

VOC’s

• VOC 散发会降低消费者对车辆的满意度

• VOC 物质从内饰件散发，并沉积在玻璃窗内侧，形成雾状物，视度因而降低

• 消费者更喜欢中性味道，而不是和 VOC 相关的新车味道

Why Reduce Emissions ? 为何减少散发

Volatile Organic Compounds 挥发性有机化合物

• Some VOC’s at higher levels can be irritating to

eyes, throat, etc., which could potentially occur

with high interior temperature due to hot weather or

at a high heater setting in a closed vehicle

• Customers are concerned about the potential

health effects of VOC emissions.

• 一些高浓度的挥发性有机化合物可以刺激眼睛及喉咙，这可以是由于高温天气及空调设置、密闭车箱的高温，导致 VOC 浓度较高

• 消费者关心因 VOC 散发而导致的潜在健康危害

Why Reduce Emissions ? 为何减少散发

Common Emissions Tests 常见的散发测试

Many different

methods are

used to

measure

VOC’s, fogging

and odor

MethodTemperature and

settingExposure Condition

Sample size

Headspace emission (VDA277)

120°C 5h 3000mg

Thermo Desorption VOC (VDA278)

90°C 30min 30mg

Thermo Desorption FOG (VDA278)

120°C 90min 30mg

Fogging (DIN 75201-A, reflectometric)

100°C 3h 10,000mg

Fogging (DIN 75201-B, gravimetric)

100°C 16h 10,000mg

CARB tests (VDA276, GS 97014-2)

20 - 40°C cycle 24h Total part

Odor ( VDA270) 23,60,80°C 2h 50,000mg

测试 VOC，雾化及气味的不同测试方法

方法温度及

设定条件 样品量

顶空法 (VDA277) 120°C 5h 3000mg

热脱附法 (VDA278) 90°C 30min 30mg

热脱附法 (VDA278) 120°C 90min 30mg

雾化 (DIN75201-A,反射法) 100°C 3h 10,000mg

雾化 (DIN75201-B,称重法) 100°C 16h 10,000mg

1立方米仓法

(VDA276，GS97014-2)

20-40°C

周期24h 整个部件

气味 (VDA270) 23,60,80°C 2h 50,000mg

Common Emissions Tests 常见的散发测试

The gaseous hydrocarbon molecules, typically from

monomer residuals, which migrate and eventually

evaporate from an interior part

• Test methods: VDA 277 (5 h/120°C), VDA 278 (30

min/90°C)

气态的碳氢化合物，通常来自残留单体，从内饰件上迁移并挥发出来

• 测试方法：VDA277(5h/120°C ); VDA278(30min/90°C)

Carbon Emission 含碳物质散发

Common Emissions Tests 常见的散发测试

The deposition of substances, typically on the inside

of the car windows, caused by the condensation of

higher molecular weight hydrocarbons

• Test methods: DIN 75201-A, DIN 75201-B

通常沉积在车窗内侧的物质，由较高分子碳氢化合物冷凝而成

• 测试方法：DIN75201-A，DIN75201-B

Fogging 雾化

Common Emissions Tests 常见的散发测试

The smell inside the car is typically caused by lower

molecular weight hydrocarbon molecules emitted

from interior materials and perceived by the

occupants (subjective, qualitative test)

• Test methods: VDA 270 (2 h/80°C)

车内气味通常由内饰材料中散发出来的小分子碳氢化合物产生，并被车内人感知 (主观的、定性的测试)

• 测试方法：VDA 270 (2h/80°C)

Odor 气味

Trinseo Testing Capabilities 盛禧奥测试能力

• Analytical laboratories (Terneuzen, NL; Midland,

US)• 分析实验室 (泰尔讷普，荷兰；米德兰，美国)

Carbon Emission 含碳物质散发

Trinseo Testing Capabilities 盛禧奥测试能力

• Analytical labs (Terneuzen, NL; Midland, US) • 分析实验室 (泰尔讷普，荷兰；米德兰，美国)

Fogging 雾化

Trinseo Testing Capabilities 盛禧奥测试能力

• Taste and Odor panel (Terneuzen, NL; Freeport, US) • 分析实验室 (泰尔讷普，荷兰；自由港，美国)

Odor 气味

Trinseo Testing Capabilities 盛禧奥测试能力

• Fresenius, FILK, Intertek, Reliable, CTI, SGS, etc. • 费森尤斯、FILK 、天祥、乐来、 CTI 、 SGS等

External labs (certified) 外部实验室 (认证过)

Variables that influence the amount of VOCs,

Fogging and Odor影响VOC，雾化及气味的各种因素

Temperature

Time

Perception

Reference

Covering

Adhesive

Foam

Paint

Temperature

Humidity

Ventilation

Time

Temperature

Residence time

Regrind

Recyclate

ABS Mass

ABS Emulsion

PP catalyst, etc.

Compounding

颜料稳定剂增塑剂脱模剂

温度时间感知参考

覆盖层胶黏剂泡沫油漆

温度湿度通风状况时间

温度停留时间回料回收

本体 ABS

乳液 ABS

PP 催化剂等共混

含碳物质挥发，雾化及气味

生产工艺

使用环境部件注塑工艺

测试方法颜色及添加剂

Pigment

Stabilizers

Plasticizers

Mold release

Manufacturing Process Color & Additives Test Method

Carbon Emission,

Fogging & Odor

User ConditionsPartMolding Conditions

客户感知

Carbon Emission,

Fogging & Odor

User

Comfort

Quality

Image

SafetyHealth

含碳物质挥发，雾化及气味

消费者舒适度

安全健康

质量印象

Customer Perceptions

Mass vs. Emulsion ABS 本体法 ABS vs 乳液法ABS

Trinseo Mass ABS Technology Emulsion ABS Technology

Continuous Process

(Not Compounded)

Batch Process

(Compounded)

Raw material:

Monomer/Polymer Mix

Raw material:

Monomer, Polymer,

Emulsifiers, Water, Soap

盛禧奥本体法 ABS 技术 乳液法 ABS 技术

连续过程(不需要共混改性)

批次过程(共混改性)

原料：单体/聚合物

原料：单体、聚合物、乳化剂、水、盐类物质

Mass ABS Pellets Emulsion ABS Pellets 本体法 ABS 粒子 乳液法 ABS 粒子

Mass vs. Emulsion ABS

Trinseo Mass ABS Technology Emulsion ABS Technology

High Purity

(Low Residuals)

Lower Purity

(Higher Residuals &

Contaminants)

Whiter Color & Low Gloss Yellower Color, High Gloss

盛禧奥本体法 ABS 技术 乳液法 ABS 技术

高纯度(低残留物)

低纯度(高残留物及污染物)

白色及低光泽 偏黄及高光泽

本体法 ABS vs 乳液法ABS

本体法 ABS 粒子 乳液法 ABS 粒子Mass ABS Pellets Emulsion ABS Pellets

Mass vs. Emulsion ABS 本体法 ABS vs 乳液法 ABS

Trinseo MAGNUM™ 3416 high heat ABS vs.

competitor emulsion HH-ABS

• Odor testing of ABS pellets compared to molded

parts

(Testing method: VDA 270 / PV 3900-B3, 2 h/80 °C)

盛禧奥 MAGNUM™ 3416 高耐热 ABS vs 竞争对手高耐热乳液法 ABS

• ABS 粒子及注塑制件的气味测试

(测试方法: VDA270/PV3900-B3，2h/80°C）

Effect of the Molding Process on Odor 注塑工艺对气味的影响

Mass vs. Emulsion ABS

Material grade / Sample type

PelletsParts

(molded at 245°C & 3 min. residence time)

MAGNUM™ 3416 SC

(mass ABS) 2 3

Competitor A (eABS) 2 6

Competitor B (eABS) 4 5

Competitor C (eABS) 3 6

Competitor D (eABS) 3 6

Effect of the Molding Process on Odor 注塑工艺对气味的影响

本体法 ABS vs 乳液法 ABS

材料牌号/样品类型 粒子

制件(注塑条件：245 °C 及

3分钟停留时间)

MAGNUM™ 3416 SC

(本体法 ABS) 2 3

竞争对手A

(乳液法 ABS) 2 6

竞争对手B

(乳液法 ABS) 4 5

竞争对手C

(乳液法 ABS) 3 6

竞争对手D

(乳液法 ABS) 3 6

1 not perceptible

2perceptible, not

offensive

3clearly perceptible,

not yet offensive

4 offensive

5 strongly offensive

6 unbearable

1 不易感觉到

2 感觉到，但不刺激

3明显感觉到，尚不刺激

4 刺激性气味

5 强烈刺激性

6 不可忍受

相比乳液法 ABS 制件，以MAGNUM™ 本体法ABS 制作的制件气味等级较低

Parts molded with

MAGNUM™ mass ABS have

lower odor ratings than

eABS parts

PULSE™ PC ABS PULSE™ PC ABS

Trinseo PULSE™ A35-105 PC/ABS vs. competitor

PC/ABS

• Odor testing of PC/ABS pellets compared to

molded parts

(Testing method: VDA 270 / PV 3900-B3, 2 h/80 °C)

盛禧奥 PULSE™ A35-105 PC/ABS vs 竞争对手PC/ABS

• PC/ABS 粒子及注塑件的气味测试

(测试方法: VDA270/PV3900-B3，2h/80°C)

Effect of the Molding Process on Odor 注塑工艺对气味的影响

PULSE™ PC ABS

Odor of Pellet 粒子气味

1 not perceptible

2perceptible, not

offensive

3clearly perceptible,

not yet offensive

4 offensive

5 strongly offensive

6 unbearable

1 不易感觉到

2 感觉到，但不刺激

3明显感觉到，尚不刺激

4 刺激性气味

5 强烈刺激性

6 不可忍受

对于注塑件来说，PULSETM PC/ABS比竞争对手料的气味等级更低

PULSETM PC/ABS resins have

lower odor ratings for molded

parts

22.5

2 2.2

PULSETM A35-105 Competitor A

Pellets

22.5

2 2.2

PULSETM A35-105 竞争对手 A

粒子

PULSE™ PC ABS

2.53

2.63 3

4 4.2

2.53

2.63 3

4 4.2

PULSE™ PC ABS

Effect of the Molding Process on Odor 注塑工艺对气味的影响

PULSETM A35-105 Competitor A & B

Molded Parts

PULSETM A35-105 竞争对手 A & B

注塑件

PULSE™ PC ABS

1 not perceptible

2perceptible, not

offensive

3clearly perceptible,

not yet offensive

4 offensive

5 strongly offensive

6 unbearable

1 不易感觉到

2 感觉到，但不刺激

3明显感觉到，尚不刺激

4 刺激性气味

5 强烈刺激性

6 不可忍受

对于注塑件来说，PULSETM PC/ABS比竞争对手料的气味等级更低

PULSETM PC/ABS resins have

lower odor ratings for molded

parts

Trinseo ABS, PC/ABS & PP: VOC’s 盛禧奥 ABS，PC/ABS & PP: VOC’s

Sample

description

VOC [µg/g]

as Toluene

VDA 278

(90ºC)

FOG [µg/g]

as nC16H34

VDA 278

(120ºC)

Carbon

Emission

[µg C/g] as

VDA 277

(90ºC)

VOC Main Components

Polymer Type Specification limit <250 <500 <50

ABS MAGNUMTM 3416 3 6 12 Ethylbenzene and

Styrene

eABS VOC’s:

Vinlycyclohexene

(butadiene-dimer),

ethylbenzene, styrene,

isopropylbenzene, alpha-

methyl-styrene,

acetophene, C3

unsaturated benzene, ∝,

∝-dimethylbenzyl alcohol

ABS MAGNUMTM 3904 4 10 28

PC/ABS PULSETM A35-105 <1 <1 6Ethylbenzene and

StyrenePC/ABS PULSETM 2000 EZ <1 7 14

PC/ABS PULSETM GX50 <1 <1 5

Polycarbonate CALIBRETM 300-10 <1 <1 <1 None

Emulsion ABS Competitor ABS 490 360 38

Neat Polypropylene Competitor PP1 210 1135 106

C3 Oligomers

(C6, C9, C12, etc)

Neat Polypropylene Competitor PP2 180 1070 57

TF Polypropylene Competitor PP3 165 940 67

TF Polypropylene Competitor PP4 122 640 74

TF Polypropylene INSPIRETM TF1500 80 250 45-50

TF Polypropylene INSPIRETM TF1405 69 211 20

PU Foam Various 60-1200 60-1080 30-225 Amines

样品描述

VOC [µg/g]

as Toluene

VDA 278

(90ºC)

FOG [µg/g] as

nC16H34 VDA

278 (120ºC)

Carbon Emission

[µg C/g] as VDA

277 (90ºC)

VOC 主要成分

聚合物类型 说明 <250 <500 <50

ABS MAGNUMTM 3416 3 6 12 乙苯和苯乙烯

eABS VOC’s:

乙烯基环己烯（丁二烯二聚体），乙苯，苯乙烯，异丙苯，a-甲基苯乙烯，C3不饱和苯，a,a-二甲基苄醇

ABS MAGNUMTM 3904 4 10 28

PC/ABS PULSETM A35-105 <1 <1 6乙苯和苯乙烯

PC/ABS PULSETM 2000 EZ <1 7 14

PC/ABS PULSETM GX50 <1 <1 5

Polycarbonate CALIBRETM 300-10 <1 <1 <1 None

Emulsion ABS Competitor ABS 490 360 38

Neat Polypropylene Competitor PP1 210 1135 106 C3

低聚物(C6,

C9,

C12,

etc)

Neat Polypropylene Competitor PP2 180 1070 57

TF Polypropylene Competitor PP3 165 940 67

TF Polypropylene Competitor PP4 122 640 74

TF Polypropylene INSPIRETM TF1500 80 250 45-50

TF Polypropylene INSPIRETM TF1405 69 211 20

PU Foam Various 60-1200 60-1080 30-225 胺

Conclusions 结论

• MAGNUM™ ABS and PULSE ™ PC/ABS have very low

VOC levels, which deliver industry best low VOC

performance in Automotive applications

• VOC and odor will increase when high temperatures and

long residence time in the machine are used to injection

mold parts

• Post molding operations using solvent cleaner, adhesive,

paint, flocking, PVC cover, or PU foam can lead to

increased VOC and odor levels

• MAGNUM™ ABS 和 PULSE™ PC/ABS 的 VOC

值很低，在汽车应用上可呈现最低的 VOC 性能

• 对于注塑件来说，随着注塑温度及停留时间的上升，VOC 和气味都会变差

• 后加工工艺（如使用溶剂清洁剂、胶黏剂、油漆、植绒或泡沫），会导致 VOC 及气味水平增加

谢谢!Thank you!