LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

33
LINEAR CONTROL LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

description

Lecture 14 Dr. Ali Karimpour May مکان ریشه ها Root locus Root loci (RL) Complement root loci (CRL) Complete root loci Root locus, shows the position of roots of the following equation for different values of k مکان ریشه ها، موقعیت ریشه های معادله زیر را بر حسب مقادیر مختلف k نشان می دهد.

Transcript of LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Page 1: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

LINEAR CONTROLLINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

Ali KarimpourAssociate Professor

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Page 2: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

2

Lecture 14

Root Locus Technique

Topics to be covered include:

Root locus criterion. Root loci (RL). Complement root loci (CRL). Complete root loci.

Property and construction of complete root loci.

Page 3: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

3

مکان ریشه ها

0)(1 skf

Root locus

Root loci (RL)

Complement root loci (CRL)

Complete root loci

Rk

Rk

Rk

Root locus, shows the position of roots of the following equation for different values of k

k مقادیر مختلف مکان ریشه ها، موقعیت ریشه های معادله زیر را بر حسبنشان می دهد.

Page 4: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

4

مکان ریشه هاRoot locus

Root locus, shows the position of roots of above equation for different values of k

k مقادیر مختلف مکان ریشه ها، موقعیت ریشه های معادله فوق را بر حسبنشان می دهد.

+-

c1er)(skGSuppose:

Closed loop system is:

)(1)()(skG

skGsM

0)(1 skG

Characteristic equation is:

Page 5: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

5

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

)(1sf

k

0)( kRsf

Condition of magnitude شرط اندازه

Condition of angle شرط زاویه

0)( kRsf

Which points lie on the root loci? چه نقاطی بر روی مکان ریشهقرار دارند؟

Rsf )(

Page 6: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

6

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها

0)(1 skf

Rule 1: Specify the equation exactly in the following form.

بصورت زیر بیان کنید.دقیقاقانون اول: سیستم را

063 23 kskss 06131 3

2

ss

sk

How many branches in root loci?چند شاخه در مکان ریشه ها؟It is : ),max( branches of No. nm

Page 7: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

7

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 2: Specify the poles and zeros of f(s). The root loci lie on the poles of f(s) for k=0 and lies on the zeros of f(s) for k=±∞

روی قطبهایk=0 را مشخص کنید. مکان ریشه در f(s): قطب و صفرهای 2 قانون f(s) و در k±=∞ روی صفرهای f(s).قرار دارد

-20 0

0k0k kk

100k

k

k

0k0k

0)20(

11

ss

k

Page 8: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

8

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 3: Define the real axis section for positive and negative value of k.

مشخص کنید k: محور حقیقی را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفی3 قانون

-20 0

0k0k kk

100k

k

k

0k0k

0)20(

11

ss

k

Page 9: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

9

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 4: Find the asymptotes and centered of asymptotes for positive and negative values of k.

تعیین کنید. k را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفی تالقی مجانبها و محل مجانبها: 4 قانون

,...2,1,02 0k

,...2,1,0)12( 0k

mnn

m

mnn

m

zp

zp

zp

n

i

n

iii

nn

zpp z

1 1

center Asymptotes

-20 0

0k0k kk

100k

k

k

0k0k

0)20(

11

ss

k

zp nn asymptotes ofnumber

Page 10: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

10

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 5: Find the break point. نقطه شکست را بیابید. 5 قانون :pointbreak 0

)(1

ssk

sfk

-20 0

0k0k kk

100k

k

k

0k0k

0)20(

11

ss

k

ssk 202 0202 s

sk

10s

Page 11: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

11

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis by Routh Hurwitz criteria.

: نقطه تالقی با محور موهومی را توسط روش روت هرویتز تعیین کنید. 6 قانون

-20 0

0k0k kk

100k

k

k

0k0k

0)20(

11

ss

k

0202 kss

0)(s axisimaginary and locusroot ofpoint cross theis 0 k

Page 12: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

12

: مکان کامل ریشه ها را در سیستم زیر بیابید2مثال .

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Example 2: ِ Draw the complete root loci of the following system.

Rule 1: Specify the equation exactly in the standard form.

بصورت استاندارد بیان کنید.دقیقااول: سیستم را قانون

Clearly it is ok

Page 13: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

13

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Rule 2: Specify the poles and zeros of f(s). The root loci lie on the poles of f(s) for k=0 and lie on the zeros of f(s) for k=±∞

روی قطبهایk=0 را مشخص کنید. مکان ریشه در f(s): قطب و صفرهای 2 قانون f(s) و در k±=∞ روی صفرهای f(s).قرار دارد

0k

10 5 0

0k 0k

Page 14: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

14

0k

10 5 0

0k 0k

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Rule 3: Define the real axis section for positive and negative value of k.

مشخص کنید k: محور حقیقی را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفی3 قانون

0k0k0k0k kk

Page 15: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

15

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Rule 4: Find the asymptotes and centered of asymptotes ..تالقی مجانبها و محل مجانبها: 4 قانون

34,

32,02 0k

35,

33,

3)12( 0k

zp

zp

nnm

nnm

53

510

center Asymptotes

1 1

zp

n

i

n

iii

nn

zpp z

0k

10 5 0

0k 0k

0k0k0k0k kk

Page 16: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

16

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 5: Find the break point. نقطه شکست را بیابید. 5 قانون :

pointbreak 0)(

1

ssk

sfk

Page 17: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

17

0k

10 5 0

0k 0k

0k0k0k0k kk

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Rule 5: Find the break point. نقطه شکست را بیابید. 5 قانون :

sss

ssssf

k

5015

)10)(5()(

1

23

50303 2 ss

sk 11.2,89.7 s

?

?

Page 18: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

18

The Root Locus procedureنحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها0)(1 skf

Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis by Routh Hurwitz criteria.

: نقطه تالقی با محور موهومی را توسط روش روت هرویتز تعیین کنید. 6 قانون

Page 19: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

19

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis

: نقطه تالقی با محور موهومی6 قانون

0)10)(5( ksss

ks

ks

ks

s

0

2

3

015

75015

501

075015 2 s 07.7js

0k

10 5 0

0k 0k

0k0k0k0k kk

j07.7

j07.7

0750 k 750k

Page 20: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

20

0k

10 5 0

0k 0k

0k0k0k0k kk

07.7

07.7

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Page 21: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

21

-30 -20 -10 0 10-20

-10

0

10

20Root Locus

Real Axis

Imag

inar

y Ax

is

-40 -20 0 20-40

-20

0

20

40Root Locus

Real Axis

Imag

inar

y Ax

is

rlocus(1,[1 15 50 0]); hold on; rlocus(-1,[1 15 50 0])

-30 -20 -10 0 10-20

-10

0

10

20Root Locus

Real Axis

Imag

inar

y Ax

is

-40 -20 0 20-40

-20

0

20

40Root Locus

Real Axis

Imag

inar

y Ax

is

0)10)(5(

11

sss

k

Page 22: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

22

: مکان کامل ریشه ها را در سیستم زیر بیابید3مثال .

Example 3: ِ Draw the complete root loci of following system.

Rule 1: Specify the equation exactly in the standard form.

بصورت زیر استاندارد کنید.دقیقااول: سیستم را قانون

0)1(

)3)((101 2

sssks

0)3)((10)1( 2 sksss 0)2910(

)3(101 2

ssssk

Page 23: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

23

Rule 2: Specify the poles and zeros of f(s). The root loci lie on the poles of f(s) for k=0 and lie on the zeros of f(s) for k=±∞

روی قطبهایk=0 را مشخص کنید. مکان ریشه در f(s): قطب و صفرهای 2 قانون f(s) و در k±=∞ روی صفرهای f(s).قرار دارد

0)2910(

)3(101 2

ssssk

0k

5

0k

0k

2

3

Example 4:

Page 24: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

24

Rule 3: Define the real axis section for positive and negative value of k.

مشخص کنید k: محور حقیقی را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفی3 قانون

0)2910(

)3(101 2

ssssk

0k

5

0k

0k

2

3

0k0k0k kk k

Example 4:

Page 25: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

25

Rule 4: Find the asymptotes and centered of asymptotes ..تالقی مجانبها و محل مجانبها: 4 قانون

22,02 0k

23,

2)12( 0k

zp

zp

nnm

nnm

5.32

)3(10

center Asymptotes

1 1

zp

n

i

n

iii

nn

zpp z

0)2910(

)3(101 2

ssssk

0k

5

0k

0k

2

3

0k0k0k kk k

Example 4:

Page 26: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

26

Rule 5: Find the break point. نقطه شکست را بیابید. 5 قانون :

)3()2910(

101

)(1 23

s

ssssf

k

0)3(

)2910()3)(29203(101

2

232

sssssss

sk

0)2910(

)3(101 2

ssssk

0k

5

0k

0k

2

3

0k0k0k kk k

47.5s

Example 4:

Page 27: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

27

Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis

0: نقطه تالقی با محور موهومی6 قانون)2910(

)3(101 2

ssssk

0k

5

0k

0k

2

3

0k0k0k kk k

030)1029(10 23 kskss

ks

ks

ks

ks

30

0729

3010

10291

0

1

2

3

0 k

?

We need another rule. .به قانون دیگری نیاز داریم

Page 28: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

28

Exercises تمرینها1- The transfer function of a single-loop control system are given as:

sTsHsss

sG d

1)()3)(1(

10)( 2

.

Construct the root loci of the Zeros of 1+G(s)H(s)=0 for -∞<Td<∞

2- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is:

)2)(1()(

1.0

ssseKsG

s

Constract the complete root loci of the characteristic equation.

Page 29: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

29

Exercises تمرینها

Construct the complete root loci of the characteristic equation forLet n=1, n=2 , n=3 and n=4

3- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is:

np sKsG

)5()(

4- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is:

a) Construct the root loci for -∞<K<∞ , with α=5 .b) Construct the root loci for -∞< α <∞ , with K =5 .

)1()3)(()( 2

ssssKsG

Page 30: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

30

Exercises تمرینها

5- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is:

Construct the root loci for 0<p<∞

))(10(500)(

pssspsG

6- Consider following system

Construct the root loci for 0<k1<∞

011 31

s

sk

Page 31: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

31

Exercises تمرینها7- Consider following system

For k1=0, k1=1 1nd k1=10 construct the root loci for 0<k2<∞ .

0111

3

2

2

ksks

sk

8- Construct the root loci of the closed loop poles of the following system for 0<a<∞(Midterm spring 2008).

s1

21s

a

-++R(s) C(s)

-

Page 32: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

32

Exercises تمرینها9- Find the root-locus graph for the following system.

The Answer :

Page 33: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Lecture 14

Dr. Ali Karimpour May 2013

33

Exercises تمرینها

10- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is:

Construct the root loci for 0<p<∞(Final 1391)

)(10)(

psssG