Levels of reciprocity in economics by Leo Andringa
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Transcript of Levels of reciprocity in economics by Leo Andringa
Reciprocity and the economy of communion
• Reciprocity in economics
• Reciprocity in life
• Reciprocity in the economy of communion
Levels of reciprocity in economics
Reciprocity of contract
Reciprocity of friendship
Reciprocity without conditions
Reciprocity of contract, "Tit” for “Tat”
• I give you “tit”, you give me “tat” (condition)• If you don’t give me “tit”, I won’t give you “tat”.
I can enforce the contract (necessity of third party – independent, with authority - to enforce contract or sanctions; need of “civilization”)
• “tit” and “tat” have the same value (equivalence)
Two parties, closed relation, based on mutual self-interest.
The reciprocity if friendshipWithout friends no one would choose to live (Aristotle)
• I give you “Tit”, because you are my friend, I expect that you give me “Tat” sometime. (condition)
• If you won’t give me “Tat” in time, I will not enforce it, but you loose my friendship. (no possibility for enforcement)
• The value of “Tit” not equal to ”Tat”. The value of the persons is equal (otherwise cannot be friends)
A group of equals, intern open, closed to the outside world. Self-interest of group.
Unconditional reciprocityGratuitousness (like a smile)
• I give you “Tit” gratis, because you are my “brother” no conditionGiven or granted without return or recompense; unearnedI would be delighted if you would reciprocate in any form to me or to
others, now or later Gratuitousness is NOT PHILANTROPHY
(Gratuitousness: equality. Philanthropy: dependency)
• No Enforceability, (but it enforces itself: 100-fold)
• No equivalence
Levels of reciprocity in the Encyclical “God is Love”
(Deus Caritas Est)
Reciprocity of Eros(Reciprocity of Philia)Reciprocity of Agape
Eros, The Greek and the Bible
• Greek: Considered Eros principally as a kind of intoxication, the overpowering of reason by a “divine” madness. Fertility cults, “sacred” prostitution. (no dignity of man and woman)
• Encyclical: Eros needs to be disciplined and purified. Is a foretaste of the pinnacle of our existence. Love promises infinity, eternity. Man, is being made up of body and soul, is a united (whole) person. (dignity of man and woman)
Reciprocity of Eros, reduced to pure “sex”
• I give you this satisfaction, you give me that satisfaction (condition)
• If you won’t give me this, I won’t give you that. (possibility for enforcement)
• Value of same level (equivalence)Two persons, closed relation, based on
mutual self-interest, but …….. has to open itself for higher levels of love
(philia, agape).
Reciprocity of Philia, friendship
Mentioned, but not elaborated in the encyclical.• I give you this , because you are my friend, I expect that
you give me “that” sometime. (implicit condition)• If you won’t give me “that” in time, I will not enforce it, but
you lose my friendship. (no possibility for enforcement)
• The value of “this” not equal to ”that”. The value of the persons are equal (otherwise cannot be friends)
A group of equals, intern open, closed to the outside world. Self-interest of group or clan.
Reciprocity of Agape
• Encyclical: True Eros tends to rise in “ecstasy” towards the Divine.
• I love you and you reciprocate my love, mutual gratuitousness, mutual unconditional
• Mutual love - totally based on gratuitousness - enforces itself, becomes stronger! 100-fold.
Open community of “unequal's”, open to each other and society.
Matrimony and mutual love
• Contract and Eros
• Friendship
• Agape/communion
• 100 fold
Economy of communion