Lessons from Jefferson. Teaching Aims( 教学目的 ): To grasp the important words and patterns (...
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Transcript of Lessons from Jefferson. Teaching Aims( 教学目的 ): To grasp the important words and patterns (...
Lessons from Jefferson
Teaching Aims( 教学目的 ):
To grasp the important words and patterns ( 掌握重点单词和句型 ).
To understand the lessons from Jefferson( 了解杰斐逊的遗训 ).
Focal Points(Focal Points( 教学重点教学重点 ):):The usage of the important words and patterThe usage of the important words and patterns (ns ( 重点单词和句型的用法重点单词和句型的用法 ))To understand the contents of the text (To understand the contents of the text ( 理理解课文内容)解课文内容)
Difficult Points( 教学难点 ):
Focal patterns( 重点句型 )
Teaching Methods(Teaching Methods( 教学方法教学方法 ):): Teaching(Teaching( 讲授式讲授式 ) ) Discussion(Discussion( 讨论式讨论式 )) Elicitation(Elicitation( 启发式启发式 ))
Important words and phrases (重点单词和短语)
source, appoint, create, go out of one’s way, leave to, act on, leave behind, above all
Important patternsImportant patterns (重点句型)(重点句型)
• 1. It is/was…that… 1. It is/was…that…
• 2 neither … nor… 2 neither … nor… • 3.were it left to me…3.were it left to me…
The Declaration of Independence
Adopted on July 4, 1776
A. The rights belong to everybody
B. Recounts the wrongs the British did against colonies
C. Proclaim the independence from British rule
B. Mark the beginning of a new nation
C. Hence, July 4 become the national birthday
.The Declaration of Independence: One of the most important historical documents of the U.S. written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. It declared formally the independence of the thirteen colonies in North America from Great Britain.
I.Information Related To the Text ( 与课文相关的信息 )
.1.George Washington (1732---1799): Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and first President of the U.S. (1789---1797)..
Abraham Lincoln (1809---1865): Sixteen President of the U.S. (1861---1865).
Thomas Jefferson (1743---1826): third President of the U.S. (1801---1809) and author of the Declaration of Independence .The son of a wealthy planter in Virginia. Jefferson was well educated and trained as a lawyer. A man of many interests, he was also an architect, and a patron of learning and the arts.
Social Class
Social Class is a group of _______________________ from other groups in terms of weath, position and power. According to ____________ classes are determined primarily according to ___________________ of a given society, that is, according to an examination of who owns the means of production and whooperates the means of production. The theory of class is largely based on ________________.
people differentiated
Marxist viewpoint
the relations of production
Max Weber.
An introduction to Social Class
Max Weber’s theory
The men in every society are evaluated by their fellow men on a number of structural bases. They are evaluated in terms of their profession, their social statues, their membership in a family or ethnic body, and their knowledge or education
Jefferson served as minister to France from 1785 to 1788 when revolution was imminent in France
He sympathized with the revolution, feeling it was similar in purpose to the American Revolution.
Thanks to his political writings and his legal reforms in Virginia, French reformers regarded Jefferson as a champion of liberty.
A Brief Introduction to Jefferson and the French Revolution
Group Discussion Topic:Let’s talk about Jefferson
Qustion: Do you have any idea about him?
Have you ever heard any story about him?
Can you list us his Professions? Statesman, Writer, Thinker, Diplomat, Architect, Musician,Scientist & Inventor
What is the spirit we can learn from him?
1. Always learning something new, Always trying to contribute to human progress
Group Work:
2. “I had rather be shut up in a very modest village, with my books, my family and a few old friends, dinning on simple bacon, and letting the world roll on as it likes than to occupy the most splendid post which any human power can give”
Learn more about America
Washington D.C. Capital of the United States,
situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any one state but to all the states. The district is named in honor of Columbus, the discover of America.
The capital owes much to the first President of the United States, George Washington. It was Washington who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits.
Learn more about America
obtain
action
create
false
prefer
talent
agreement
custom
Hesitate
Origin
reject
Threaten
Appoint
Educate
Humble
Owe
Resent
Conflict
Error
Influence
Perform
Source
Word-web
Proper NamesBruce Bliven / 布鲁斯 · 布利文
Thomas Jefferson / 托马斯 · 杰斐逊
George Washington / 乔治 · 华盛顿
Abraham Lincoln / 亚伯拉罕 · 林肯
the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》
the James River 詹姆斯河
Lafayette / 拉斐特
Heaven / 上帝;天堂
Philadelphia / 费城 ( 美国港市 )
II. Lessons from Jefferson(杰斐逊的遗训) Go and see. You can learn from everyone. Judge for yourself. Do what you believe is right. Trust the future; trust the young.
III. Analyze the text(分析课文)
Lessons from Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washing- ton and Abraham Lincoln, but most 5 people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much 10 that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially in- teresting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:
By Bruce Bliven
The setting of the story,
when, who and where
The author’s occupation in
detail
Go and see. Jefferson believed 15 that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on 20 the subject,Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.
You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson be- longed to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson 25 once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, "You must go into the people's homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France. "
Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything," he wrote to 30 his nephew, "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it. " Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. "
Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, " There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."
Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. " No society," he said, "can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation. " He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. " How much pain, " he remarked, "has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind. “
Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture,archeology; and medicine.He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.
Regarding Young people as the hope of
the future
Jefferson’s idea and behavior had exerted huge influence on the people at that time and even the present generation.
Of all Jefferson's many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered,and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. . . "
When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.
While Reading Activities
(Lines 1~2) Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the
United States, may be less famous than George
Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but……
Question: Why is Jefferson less famous than
Washington and Lincoln?
Washington is well-known for his leadership in the
American Independence War. Lincoln is well-known for
his role in abolishing slavery in the United States.
(Lines 14~16) Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important.Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of personal investigation?Advantages: to get first-hand material, not to have to rely on false information or situations which have changed, ability to ask and answer your own questions.Disadvantages: limitations in time and ability to travel, lack of money, no expertise on the subject.
While Reading Activities
(Lines 22~24) Yet, in a day when few noble persons even spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of……
Question: Why didn’t noble persons speak to those of humble origins except to five an order?
The noble persons thought they were superior and looked down upon the people of humble origins and regarded talking with those people as degrading. But sometimes they had to, because they had to order those people to do things for them.
While Reading Activities
(Lines 30~32) “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it……
Question: How do you understand “Neither believe nor reject anything because any other person has rejected or believed it.”?
Never believe or reject anything only because any other person has rejected or believed it. Don’t accept blindly other people’s likes or dislikes. One must have independent thought.
While Reading Activities
(Lines 42~43) He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend……
Question: What do you understand his philosophy?
It is difficult to satisfy both sides. It is natural that there are two sides to every question.
While Reading Activities
(Lines 46~47) “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.”
Question: Why can not a society make a perpetual constitution, or a perpetual law?
Society changes and people’s ideas change, too. What’s good today is not necessarily good tomorrow.
While Reading Activities
(Lines 63~65) Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…”
Question: What is the significance of “all men are created equal…”?
No one should be denied the rights that he is entitled to and no one should be discriminated against because no person is, at base, really inferior to any other.
While Reading Activities
1.source; origin “source” involves the metaphorical
comparison to the fountainhead of a river. “origin” suggests a remote beginning in time
or place, its Latin etymology meaning “to rise”. e.g. 1).We’ll have to find a new source of
income. 2).A newspaper gets news from many
sources. 3).The origin of the custom is unknown. 4).Ancient Greece is called the origin of
Western Civilization.
2.appoint; name “appoint” indicates that the selection is made
by someone officially charged with this duty. “name” is less formal and tells little about the
chooser or the method of choice involved. e.g. 1).The president appointed a new cabinet
member. 2 ) .I heard that the committee would appoint
him director of the China studies program. 3).He was appointed to a university chair. 4).When will they name a successor? 5).He was named captain of the team.
3.go out of one’s way to do something: make a special effort or exert oneself more than usual to do something.
e.g. 1 ) .Jane went out of her way to be nice to the newcomer.
2).He is so selfish that he never goes out of his way to help others.
4.neither… nor…4.neither… nor… e.g. 1).The table is neither nice nor solid.e.g. 1).The table is neither nice nor solid. 2).Neither he nor you are a student.2).Neither he nor you are a student.
5. It is/was…that (who)… e.g. 1).I t is because English is useful that
we study it hard. 2). It is advanced world levels that we
should catch up with and surpass. 6.act on: act according to6.act on: act according to e.g. 1).You would not have made such a mistake.g. 1).You would not have made such a mistake if you had acted on his advice.e if you had acted on his advice. 2).Acting on his advice ,I went there by plane.2).Acting on his advice ,I went there by plane.
7. leave behind: abandon; fail to take or bring.
e.g. 1 ) .Oh dear! I’ve left the umbrella behind.
2 ) .Can you lend me a pen? I have left mine behind.
8. in existence e.g.1 ) . That kind of system is no longer in
existence. 2 ) .This is the longest bridge in existence.
9. above all: most important of all9. above all: most important of all e.g. 1e.g. 1 )) .Children need many things , but .Children need many things , but above all they need attention.above all they need attention. 22 )) .Be polite, above all, to old people..Be polite, above all, to old people.
10.discover; invent; create To discover is to find or find out something
that is already in existence but was not known about, such as a place or a fact.
To invent is to make something that had no previous existence, such as a machine or a method, through the use of the imagination or through experiment.
To create often means to bring something new into existence out of old things or to produce a character or a role in a play through the imaginative process.
A. New words and old words
Old words or expressions New words or expressions
announcement declaration
freedom independence
get obtain
done in person personal
examination investigation
put in a position of responsibility appoint
small, narrow boat canoe
documents papers
at the place of action on the spot
low in position humble
source origin
displease dissatisfy
scare threaten
refuse reject
mistake error
not true false
opinion judgment
feel doubtful prefer
like better the latter
the second of two the latter
disagree conflict
without question unquestioning
having the same opinion agreement
unfavorable remarks criticism
point of view philosophy
result effect
feel angry or bitter at resent
now the present
tie chain
never-ending perpetual
say, comment remark
very bad evil
science or practice of farming agriculture
study of ancient human life archaeology
protecting conservation
good or better superior
the state of existing existence
have an effect on influence
art and science of building architecture
continuously constantly
do, carry out perform
special natural ability talent
means device
chief, main, most important central
one complete book volume
have a very exciting feeling thrill
clear self-evident
the same equal
the yearly return of a special date anniversary
abandon leave behind
heritage legacy
B. Chinese and English phrases
Chinese English
有趣 be of interest
某人的遗训 lessons from somebody
至少 at least
独立宣言 Declaration of Independence
现代青年 modern youth
获得知识 obtain knowledge
来源很广 from many sources
亲自做调查 personal investigation
被任命为 be appointed to
调查 to find out
州议会大厦 the state capitol
研究文件 study papers
有关这一问题 on the subject
做现场调查 make on-the-spot investigations
向… .. 学习 learn from
论出身 by birth
论所受的教育 by education
属于 belong to
社会阶层 social class
出身卑微 of humble origin
发号施令 give an order
想尽办 go out of one’s way
烧饭锅 cooking pot
自己作判断 judge for oneself
接受别人的意见 accept other people’s opinions
不经认真考虑 without careful thought
判断真理和谬误 judge truth and error
一切真实和虚伪的东西 everything true and false
做出正确的判断 form a correct judgment
完全信任 be safely trusted
毫不犹豫 not hesitate a moment
相互冲突的思想 conflicting ideas
力量的源泉 source of strength
绝对的一致 unquestioning agreement
保持活力 keep alive
批评的对象 the object of criticism
反驳 answer the critics
付诸行动 act on
表达观点 express one’s philosophy
站在一面 take one side
坚决地 with decision
对某人的行动不满 resent one’s actions
被束缚于 be chained to
无用的习俗 customs which have lost their usefulness
活着的一代 the living generation
基于 be based on
同时代的人 men of one’s age
擅长 be an expert in…
农作物轮作 crop rotation
土壤保持 soil conservation
普遍作法 standard practice
优于 superior to
现有的 in existence
日常生活中的工作 the tasks of ordinary life
The end