Les aciers inox duplex
Transcript of Les aciers inox duplex
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Les aciers inox duplex
Matériau2014
François Weisang-HoinardSpecial Coil NybyOutokumpu
Date: 25 Novembre 2014
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• Les aciers inox martensitiques
o Haut carbone
• Les aciers inox ferritiques
o Bas Carbone & Azote, (Mo)
• Les aciers inox austénitiques
o Bas Carbone, Ni > %8, ( Mo & N)
Les différents types d’aciers inoxydables
%Cr > 11,5%
Résistance à la corrosion
Les aciers inox austéno-ferritiques ou duplex
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Duplex stainless steels: The smart choice!
Duplex Duplex: Exemples
The duplex business case Conclusions
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3/3/2015Presentation title, Speaker name – Confidential information 4
• Un duplex a une structure austéno-ferritique
• La répartition est approximativement de 50% ferrite and 50% austenite
• Les Duplex combinent la plupart des avantages des inoxferritiques et austénitiques
• La microstructure duplex apporte de hautes résistancesmécaniques et une bonne résistance à la corrosion fissurante
Qu’est-ce qu’un acier inox Duplex?
Duplex microstructure
Austenitic microstructure
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Caractéristiques
• Bonne resistance à la piqûration et à la corrosion caverneuse
• Haute résistance à SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) et fatigue corrosion
• Propriétés mécaniquesélevées
• Bonne résistance à la Fatigue
• Haute absorption d’énergie• Haute résistance à l’usure• Faible coefficient
d’allongement• Bonne soudabilité et
aptitudes à l’usinage
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Steel name EN ASTM/UNS C N Cr Ni Mo Other
LDX 2101® 1.4162 S32101 0.03 0.22 21.5 1.5 0.3 5Mn
2304 1.4362 S32304 0.02 0.10 23 4.8 0.3 -
LDX 2404® 1.4662 S82441 0.02 0.27 24 3.6 1.5 3Mn
2205 1.4462 S32205 0.02 0.17 22 5.7 3.1 -
4404 1.4404 316L 0.02 - 17.2 10.1 2.1 -
4436 1.4436 316 0.04 - 16.9 10.7 2.6 -
904L 1.4539 904L 0.01 - 20 25 4.3 1.5Cu
Eléments d’alliages des Duplex
PRE : % Cr + 3.3%Mo + 16%N similaire aux inox austénitiques
3/3/2015Duplex for demanding applications/ Lena Wegrelius 6
Importance du rapport Ferrite /Austénite
Teneurs en Ni & Mo diminuent l’extra alliage
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Steel name EN ASTM/UNS C N Cr Ni Mo Other
LDX 2101® 1.4162 S32101 0.03 0.22 21.5 1.5 0.3 5Mn
2304 1.4362 S32304 0.02 0.10 23 4.8 0.3 -
LDX 2404® 1.4662 S82441 0.02 0.27 24 3.6 1.5 3Mn
2205 1.4462 S32205 0.02 0.17 22 5.7 3.1 -
4404 1.4404 316L 0.02 - 17.2 10.1 2.1 -
4436 1.4436 316 0.04 - 16.9 10.7 2.6 -
904L 1.4539 904L 0.01 - 20 25 4.3 1.5Cu
Steel name EN ASTM/UNS C N Cr Ni Mo Other
LDX 2101® 1.4162 S32101 0.03 0.22 21.5 1.5 0.3 5Mn
2304 1.4362 S32304 0.02 0.10 23 4.8 0.3 -
EDX 2304™ 1.4362 S32304 0.02 0.18 23.8 4.3 0.5 -
LDX 2404® 1.4662 S82441 0.02 0.27 24 3.6 1.5 3Mn
2205 1.4462 S32205 0.02 0.17 22 5.7 3.1 -
2507 1.4410
4404 1.4404 316L 0.02 - 17.2 10.1 2.1 -
4436 1.4436 316 0.04 - 16.9 10.7 2.6 -
904L 1.4539 904L 0.01 - 20 25 4.3 1.5Cu
Optimisation de la composition chimique
PRE : % Cr + 3.3%Mo + 16%N de 25,6 à 28
3/3/2015Duplex for demanding applications/ Lena Wegrelius 7
Ajustement du Ni pour contrôler la structure ferrite austénite
Conforme à: ASTM S32304& EN 1.4362
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Positionnement des duplexExcellentes combinaisons entre résistance mécaniques et résistance à la
corrosion
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
Dup
lex
Aust
entic 4307
4404
4436
4438
4439
904L
254 SMO®
4565
LDX 2101®
2304
2205
2507LDX 2404®
Corrosion Resistance, CPT typical
Rp0
.2 [M
Pa]
Hot coil
654 SMO®
EDX 2304™
EDX 2205™
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Resistance à la Corrosion
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Corrosion par piqûre dans l’eau
Valable pour• Eau à pH 6-8• Léger renouvellement• Soudures bien
décapées/nettoyéesAggressivité augmente avec• Baisse du pH• Teneurs croissante en
agents oxydant• et vice versa
Temperatures etconcentrations en chlorure maximales en eau Légèrement chlorée (<1 mg/l
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Corrosion Caverneuse dans l’eau
Valable pour• Eau à pH 6-8• Léger renouvellement
Aggressivité augmente avec• Baisse du pH• Teneurs croissante en
agents oxydant• et vice versa• Conditions très corrosives
dans les échangeur à plaques
Temperatures etconcentrations en chlorure maximales en eau Légèrement chlorée (<1 mg/l)
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Fissuration sous tension, SCC
904L254 SMO®
4565654 SMO®
Acier Austénitiques à hautes teneursen Ni and Mo
+NiLDX 2101®
2304LDX 2404®
2205 2507
-Ni Les aciers duplex plus économiques
Les chlorures favorisent la SCCSensibilité des aciers austenitiques standard 4301& 4404
Augmentation de la résistance au SCC:
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Gamme de produits disponibles
• HRP(P), Tôles Quarto:
t = 2-100* mm
• CPP(H), Bobines & tôles:
t = 4-10* mm
• CR (C), Bobines & tôles :
t = 0.1-6* mm
• Billettes, fil machine, barres
et fer à béton
• Tubes
• Tubes rectangulaires
• Eléments de structure
• Accessoires
• Produits de soudage
*Max/min. Epaisseurs fonction de la nuance et de la largeur. Hors-groupe Outokumpu
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Le Benefice des duplex est économique
• Plus faibles épaisseurs- Advantage économique!
• Maintenance minimale, Plus longue durée de vie- Advantage global!
• teneur nickel plus faibles- Stabilité des coûts!
Courtesy of Highland Group
Courtesy by Voith
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Limites en température de Service
-40°
250°
[C]
Températures de service recommandéespour les inox duplex: -40 to 250C
Temperatures élevées (>250C):Risques de fragilisation!
Températures cryogéniques (<-40C):Transition transition ductile-fragile!
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• Bonne soudabilité
• Paramètres de soudage différents des inox austénitiques:
o Géométrie du joint, pénétration
o Gaz de purge & de soudage
o Produits d’apport sur-alliés
o Vitesse de soudage
o Apport de chaleur, dilution & structures intermétalliques
Soudage des inox duplex
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Duplex et l’ Environment
Un Produit Responsable• À Base de ferrailles• 100% recyclable• Faible taux de relargation
d’ions métalliques dansl’environment
• Grande durabilité: plus longue durée de vie – moinsde maintenance
• Aucune protection polluantede la surface
• Utilisation des propriétésmécaniques pour réductiondes poids: gain en énergieet en CO2 émis dansl’atmosphère
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Duplex stainless steels: The smart choice!
Duplex Duplex: Exemples
The duplex business case Conclusions
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ChallengeAchieving the highest standards in the passage that links the Guggenheim Museum to the University of Deusto, to match the museum’s architectural design and to educate students about the aesthetic merits and potential of stainless steel.
Solution
Duplex 2304 with a special plate surface finish for enduring beauty. A great example of value creation, where weight reduction, lower life cycle costing and sustainability is realized.
Case AB&C: Bilbao bridge, Spain
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Challenge
Identifying the right material for the bridge’s tubular, load-bearing arches.
Solution
Duplex 2304 to provide first-rate corrosion resistance in the atmospheric conditions coupled with excellent mechanical properties, cost-efficiency, and ease of fabrication.
photo courtesy: Cimolai
photo courtesy: Cimolai
Case AB&C: Celtic Gateway footbridge, Holyhead, UK
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Challenge
To substitute austenitic 4404 pipes in water heaters. To find a more cost effective material, better properties; lower thermal expansion and reduced risk of stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
Solution
Lean Duplex LDX 2101 provides weight reduction 30% and fulfilling the requirements for better material performance.
Case Industrial Heating & Cooling: Water heating
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Case Domestic Heating & Cooling: Water heaters
Challenge
Find a cost efficient alternative to enamel carbon steel, copper or claded solutions, with suitable properties for highly automatic multiple production. At the same time make it possible to increase life time, avoid the need of sacrificing anode and reduce weight.
Solution
Water Heaters in LDX2101 or 2304 is a perfect product for regions with Scandinavian or Euro-peanwater quality. The strength of duplex allows at least a 30% wall thickness reduction, making the boiler both easier to handle and cheaper to produce. No coating or pressure supporting material is needed. For more demanding environments, 2205 is recommended. Domestic Water Heater, courtesy of
Kingspan Hot Water Systems LTD
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Case Heavy transport: Road tankers
Challenge
To let tank maker INDOX of Spain produce all-stainless LNG tankers with the objectives to improved quality, cost-efficiency and reduced tanker weight.
Solution
Outer hull fabricated out of LDX 2101®. The customer, Spanish trucking company HAM, can retain its preferred all-stainless look of tankers without coating, while gaining the benefits of LDX 2101®.
Courtesy of INDOX
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Case Energy: Storage tanks for bioethanol
Challenge
More economical bioethanol fermentation tanks than ones built out of the conventional stainless material, austenitic 1.4301/1.4307 (304/304L). By tank fabricator CITAL of Italy.
Solution
Tank wall structures built out of LDX 2101®, with the benefit in total of 15% saving in material. CITAL made the grade selection solely on the basis of the potential for material weight reduction.
Courtesy of CITAL
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Case Oil & Gas: Plate heat exchangers
Challenge
To solve the problem of the short service life averaging 3 months presented by austenitic 1.4404 (316L) plates in plate air-cooler and plate shell heat exchangers, while increasing heat transfer capacity. R&D by Gansu LankePetrochemical Equipment of China.
Solution
Heat exchanger plates made out of Duplex 2205 with a new design. The design, previously considered impossible to produce from Duplex 2205, was made possible by strong R&D support from Outokumpu. Duplex 2205 heat exchanger plates have service life of 2 years or more, helping to reduce maintenance shutdowns.
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Case Pulp & Paper:World’s largest digester, Jinhall mill, China
Challenge
The adoption of closed systems to reduce emissions, and the implementation of measures to improve the efficiency of cooking processes, have resulted in severe corrosion of carbon steel digesters. That’s why 1.4404/316L has become the dominant construction material, but there are even more cost effective solutions…
Solution
Duplex steels like 2205 and 2304 provide greater corrosion resistance than 1.4404. Their superior strength allow thickness reductions up to and even more than 30%, meaning considerable cost savings. Kvaerner Pulping now boasts the world’s largest digester in China. 3000 metric tons of 2205: 75 m tall and 12.5 m in diameter.
Courtesy of Kvaerner
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Case Water Treatment:Desalination plant
Challenge
Freshwater is one of the world’s most valuable resources. Desalination is the process of obtaining freshwater from seawater. Yet, desalination faces challenges: high demands on materials and high costs, which can discourage investment in new plants.
Solution
The evaporation chambers of three new MSF desalination plant extensions by FISIA of Italy will have a DualDuplex construction, using a combination of the more corrosion resistant 2205 and LDX 2101® in less corrosive sections. Most cost effective solution utilizing both strength and corrosion resistance.
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Duplex stainless steels: The smart choice!
Duplex Duplex: Exemples
The duplex business case Conclusions
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les Duplex business cases sont construits :
Caractéristiques:• Propriétés mécaniques• Bonne resistance à la
corrosion localisée• Haute résistance à SCC
(Stress Corrosion Cracking) et fatigue corrosion
• Bonne résistance à la fatigue
• Haute énergie d’absorption• Haute résistance à l’usure• Faible Cef d’allongement• Bonne soudabilité et bonne
usinabilité• Disponibilité des produits
Bénéfices:• Diminution des
épaisseurs• Meilleure stabilité des
prix• Plus longue durée de vie
et faibles coûts de maintenance
Duplex adds superior value!
Opportunités:• Réduction du poids total• Optimisation des coûts:
• Coût matière• lnvestment Initial• Maintenance• Coût global
• Augmentation de la duréede vie
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Duplex potential LCC saving:~30%
Total initial cost*:
Surface protection cost:
Total LCC:
Operating cost:
Elapsed time between maintenance events:
Life cycle duration:
234 kEuro
C-Steel170 kEuro
100 Euro/m2
1000 m2
15 years
30 years
64 kEuro
LDX 2101170 kEuro
0 kEuro
170 kEuro
No surface protection required!
30 years
*Assume equal initial cost level: lower material cost for the carbon steel levels the initial measure taken for protecting its plate surfaces.
Duplex adds superior value:
Opportunities:• Weight reduction• Improved cost efficiency
• Material cost• Initial investment cost• Maintenance cost• Life Cycle Costing
• Increased service life
Duplex as a substitute for carbon steel –Total Life Cycle Costing for storage tank
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Plus d’information sur les DuplexLearn more:www.outokumpu.comProducts >>About Stainless >>
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Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook• 20 technical articles, describing corrosion
types, and performance of stainless steelsin a variaty of applications
• 28 isocorrosion diagrams
• Corrosion tables for around 450 differentchemicals, showing the resistance ofdifferent grades
• Useful physical tables and conversiontables
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• Des guides pratiques
• Des brochures spécifiques pour chaque marché
Autre source d’information
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Un monde qui dure toujours