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Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC Leonardo Benucci, INFN Pisa e Universit degli Studi di Pisa (the first and the last slide in Italian!) Slide 2 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 Top quark: what is it? large mass: m t ~ 170 GeV ~ 35 m b ~ EW scale Yukawa coupling close to one: t = 2 m t / v ~ 0.98 t = 2 m t / v ~ 0.98 Are them only accidents? Is the top mass generated by a standard Higgs mechanism? maybe it plays a more fundamental role in EWSB? Playing with LHC, we hope to approach the answers Slide 3 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 Top quark: why we like it? t quark production and decays are evaluated within the Standard Model with high accuracy without any phenomenological parameters t quark decays through the ONLY channel t bW. Other decay channels have BR -0.25 (at 68%CL) (A exp ~ 0.9) Slide 13 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 The top during its life Top Mass: is an important input in the SM is an important input into theories for BSM (key role in the MSSM, and inspires theories such as top color) Constraint on h mass: m h < 130 GeV with current m t values Top charge: Are we looking to an exotic Q=4/3 particle? (t W + b) Tevatron Run-II has enough statistic to rule it out: Q=2/3 at 94% C.L. (D conference note 4876, 2005) Top Width: (t)/|V tb | 2 =1.42 GeV : the total not measured yet! = 1/ ~5 10 -24 s c ~3 10 -10 m Additional quark generations, non-standard top quark decays or other SM extensions could yield long-lived top quarks in the data CDF: measurement of distance between primary vertex and leptonic W decay vertex in lept+jets events c < 52.5 m is found at 95% CL (CDF conference note 8104,2006) t X Slide 14 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 Top is becoming thin... Radiative corrections to many precision EW observables are ~m t 2 Meas. M W and m t + SM predictions test the consistency of the SM or point to SUSY Better and better at Tevatron: End of Run-I: 178.0 4.3 GeV Preliminary data from Run-II: 172.5 1.3(stat) 1.9(syst) GeV March 2007: 170.9 1.1(stat) 1.5(syst) GeV From a EW fit (~indipendent from m t meas.): m t = 172.3 +10.2 -7.6 GeV (PDG06) Slide 15 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 The future of top mass (1.5%) (2%) (5% On-Off) LHC: Tevatron performances should be reached and improved Di-lepton channel: m t / m t = 0.5 (stat) 1.1 (syst) GeV @10 fb -1 Lepton+jet channel: m t / m t = 0.3 (stat) 1.1 (syst) GeV @10 fb -1 (ATLAS hep-ex/0403021, CMS TDR 8.2, CERN/LHCC 2006-021) With a good systematics control ( bJES 150 fb -1 ) t b (q) W (V) Slide 17 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 W boson: how does it spin around? The V-A interaction controls the helicity fractions of the W W is produced with different helicity fractions: longitudinal F 0 = 0.703 left-handed F L = 0.297 right-handed F R = 3.6 10 -4 (SM at tree level,m t = 175 GeV, M W = 80.39 GeV m b = 4.8 GeV) How to measure them? look at the W l decays measure the angle between the l in the W rest frame and the W in the t rest frame extract F fractions from FLFLFLFL F0F0F0F0 FRFRFRFR Slide 18 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 W boson: how does it spin around? Tevatron: Because of lack of statistic, M(lb) (related to cos ) and p T (l) (related to polarization) better suited CDF: F 0 = 0.74 +0.22 -0.34, F R < 0.18 95% C.L MC generator level CMS reconstruction level (full sim): - there is the background - there are detector effects CMS 10 fb -1 : F 0 /F 0 = 0.023 (stat) 0.022 (syst) significant impact of systematics: b-jet energy scale b-tag efficiency input m t ISR/FSR Slide 19 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 tWb: not only W helicity Other variables (less prone to systematics) can be looked at: F L,R /F 0 ratios top angular asymmetries, e.g.: Nice systematic effects reduction is obtained (ATL-PHYS-PUB-2006-031) Then the observables can be used to constrain the couplings in the general Lagrangian: -0.0566 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 |V tb |: a window to New Physics If |V tb | < |V tb | CKM ~ 0.9991 : t XW would be possible (4th generation of quarks or other...) (4th generation of quarks or other...) The number of events with 0, 1 and 2 tagged b-jets is compared (in di-lepton and lept+jets) to extract the ratio: R(2b/1b) = BR(t Wb)/ ( BR(t Wd) + BR(t Ws) + BR(t Wb) ) = |V tb | 2 / ( |V td | 2 + |V ts | 2 + |V tb | 2 ) = |V tb | 2 assuming only 3 generations and CKM unitarity LHC with the same technique: R/R ~ 0.2%(stat) @ 10 fb -1 |V tb |/|V tb | ~ 0.1% (Systematic: b-tagging uncert. ) At Tevatron: D: R = 1.03 +0.19 -0.17, R > 0.64 CDF: R (stat) = 0.94 +0.21 -0.19 (stat) +0.17 -0.13 (stat), R > 0.61 |V tb | > 0.78 (0.75) at 90% (95%) CL |V tb |/|V tb | ~ 5% at Run IIb Slide 21 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 At Tevatron: D: |V tb | estimated in the first single-top observation: |V tb | = 1.00 +0.00 -0.12 EW (t) |V tb | 2 |V tb | can be extracted directly: no assumption is needed on the number of families or CKM unitarity |V tb |: the promises of single-top LHC (t-channel): EW (t) / EW (t) ~ 10% |V tb |/|V tb | ~ 5% @30 fb -1 tt pair Single-t t-ch Single-t s-ch Single-t Wt-ch If not observed: maybe t-t mixing? (hep-ph/0607115) Slide 22 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 FCNC: a signature of new physics At LHC, FCNC Br might reach a detectable level ANY OBSERVATION AT LHC WILL BE A SIGNAL OF NEW PHYSICS FCNC decay Br in SM t q 5 10 -13 t Zq 1.3 10 -13 t g q 5 10 -11 Br in SUSY + R violation ~10 -5 ~10 -4 ~10 -3 Br in 2HDM ~10 -7 ~10 -6 ~10 -4 LR - SUSY ~10 -6 ~10 -4 ~10 -3 Exp. Limits (95% CL) < 0.006(HERA) < 0.14(LEP2) < 0.17(CDF) t b W Today we only see: t W b (Br > 99.9%) Tomorrow we could see: t Aq (Br =??) where q = u, c, A= Z, g, t q A NP g single top production tZ/ production tt like-sign production ,Z top decay in t t events Slide 23 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 FCNC: a signature of new physics ATLAS + CMS @ 10 fb -1 /exp t qZ: 2.1 10 -4 t q 6.2 10 -5 ATLAS + CMS @ 100 fb -1 /exp t qZ: 4.7 10 -5 t q 1.7 10 -5 + WITHOUT SYST. WITH SYST. further constraints may come from qq tZ/ and single-top t-ch Slide 24 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 When a top meets a Higgs... tH Yukawa coupling is strong: tH Yukawa coupling is strong: if the Higgs exists, qq tt H will be visible t t pair could provide the Higgs discovery! Best way to search for it: fully reconstruct the tt pair search for a large BR Higgs decay (H b b, t t) ATL-PHYS-2004-031, CMS NOTE 2003/03 In light SUSY scenario: t H + b (large when tan 6 or tan 6) tan 6: H , tan 6: H cs LHC: R(2l/1l) = BR(dilept)/BR(lept+jets) = BR(W e/ )/2BR(W had) ~ 1/6 LHC: R/R ~ 0.5%( stat) @ 10 fb -1 Tevatron: Selection criteria are optimized for standard decays, H decays has no energetic isolated leptons t disappearance in lept+jets BR(t H b) < 0.4 (if only H is present) BR(t H b) < 0.91 (model independent) q, g t tttt H y t t SM Higgs SM Higgs SUSY Higgs SUSY Higgs Slide 25 1 Leonardo Benucci, Nuova fisica nel settore del top ad LHC IFAE Napoli 11-13 Aprile 2007 The promises of LHC Tevatron today LHC LHC > 100 fb -1 (t t) 12%