Lecture 1: pendidikan awal kanak-kanak
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Transcript of Lecture 1: pendidikan awal kanak-kanak
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7/27/2019 Lecture 1: pendidikan awal kanak-kanak
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LangudevelopmL
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It is important..
Because we need to understand how children learn to communicate
and
also ways adults can promote childrens
language development
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Theoretical views
Behaviorist view (Skinner, 1957)
- Children learn language primarily through positive
reinforcement from parents.
Innatist view (Chomsky, 1972)
- Inborn factors are the most important component of
language development Interactionist view (Piaget,1926 & Vygotsky1962)
- Language develops through a combination of inborn
factors and environmental influences
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Behaviourist
Language development is that childrens language learning is
shaped primarily by the responses of parents. Parents reinforce by smiling, cuddling and verbalizing
mama redouble their positive feedback to the baby
Encourage baby to repeat
Reinforcement becomes more specific to produce adult likelanguage
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Innatist view
Children are born with a linguistic structure
Born with an instinct to learn language
It is linked to biological maturation and follows an internal cloc
will emerge during the critical age for language acquisition.
Language is triggered by exposure to verbal communication i
environment.
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Interactionist view
Suggest that there is a combination of inborn and
environmental factors. Internal readiness and
reinforcement from positive interactions with adults
are needed.
Social environment, maturation, biology and cognition
interact and modify with each other
Cognitive interactionist view and social interactionist
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Cognitive interactionist
Ability to mentally represent objects
Language is one way of expressing representational or symb
thought
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Social interactionist
Language is intimately tied to social
processes.
Social interaction that triggers language is a
two way operation, ie children cue their
parents, and parents in turn, supply
appropriate language experiences.
Vygotsky consider that young childs primary
social tool is language.
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Uses of language Write down 8 ways in which children may use language
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. ______________
Age 2 or 3 years children use language to help them control their behaviouraSo talking aloud
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answer
Socializing with others
Asking questions
Describing events and objects
Predicting and anticipating
For self-direction
Assertiveness
Giving explanation and instructions
Gaining reassurance and help
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Stages of language development
Pre-linguistic stage
Babbles, universaltherefore born with some instinct to communicate
others
Pointing or showing objects
Linguistic stage
12 months: Create own words for objects/person and use consistently
Holophrases
Telegraphic speech
Learning the rules --- virtuous errors
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Components of language developm Listening
Expressive language
Facial expression
Gesture
Reading
Writing
Sign language
Drawing and painting
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Multilingual children
Speak more than one language
More creative in their thinking
Need to master their home language
Community
Racism
Embarrassment
Rejection
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Language delay in children
Physical condition such as cleft palate or enlarged tongue
Learning difficulties e.g. autism
Hearing impairments
Stutters or stammers
Shyness
Lack of stimulation and language input
More than one language being learnt
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Difficulties in communication
Stutters or stammers
Their minds are working faster than their tongue
Afraid that another child will interrupt them
Will grow out or becomes a habit
How to help
Show that you are listening to them
Eye contact, sitting down with the child and smiling.. Relax and calm thei
dont finish their sentences
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Promotingchildrens language
Refer handout
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Communicating with children
Make eye contact
Smile and look patient
Allow children time to think about what they want to say
Do not finish sentences for them
Do not interrupt to hurry them along
Listen to what children are saying!
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Correct grammar by echoing back their sentence correctly He todid he?
Ask open questionse.g. What are you doing? rather than closquestions, which can be answered with only one worde.g. Arenjoying that?
Make sure that you are speaking clearly and correctly
If you really do not have time to listen properly, explain this to thesuggest a time when will be able to listenand make sure that y
Be sensitive to the needs of bilingual and multilingual children