Lectia 6 - verbul.doc

8/10/2019 Lectia 6 - verbul.doc

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Lectia 6:Verbul.

Notiuniintroductive

.

Verbul exprima ideea existentei sau a actiunii intr-o propozitie.Ex.: I ama student. The studentspassedall their courses.

6.1. Cele 4 forme verbale

Terminatiile formelor din limba engleza sunt foarte usor de tinut minte.Exista 4 forme verbale de baza. Limba engleza formeaza timpurile verbalecu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare, spre deosebire de limba romana, undetimpurile verbale se formeaza cu ajutorul desinentelor. e remarcat ca inlimba engleza nu exista o forma verbala speciala pentru viitor.

!ele 4 forme verbale de baza sunt importante deoarece cu aceste forme sicu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare se formeaza timpurile in limba engleza:

Numele

verbului

Forma de

baza

Forma de

trecut

Participiul

prezent

Participiul

trecut

to work I can work.

I work. I worked.

I am

working.

I have

worked.

to write I can write.

I write. I wroted.

I am

writing.

I have

written.

Cele mai frecvent folosite verbe neregulate

"rmatorul tabel reproducele cele mai frecvente verbe neregulate in patruforme verbale reprezentative:

Forma de baza, adica infinitivul: to fly

Persoana III singular a timpului prezent: he flies

Persoana III singular a trecutului: he flew

Participiul trecut: he has flown

Base Form

Present

Third

Person

Past Third

Person Past Participle

arise

be

bear

begin

bite

blow

break

bring

buy

catchchoose

come

arises

is

bears

begins

bites

blows

breaks

brings

buys

catcheschooses

comes

arose

was/were

bore

began

bit

blew

broke

brought

bought

caughtchose

came

arisen

been

borne

begun

bitten/bit

blown

broken

brought

bought

caughtchosen

come


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creep

dive

do

drag

draw

dream

drink

drive

drowneat

fall

fight

fly

forget

forgive

freeze

get

give

go

grow

hang

hide

know

lay

lead

lie

light

lose

prove

ridering

rise

run

see

seek

set

shake

sing

sink

sit

speakspring

steal

sting

strike

swear

swim

swing

take

tear

throw

useswake

wear

creeps

dives

does

drags

draws

dreams

drinks

drives

drownseats

falls

fights

flies

forgets

forgives

freezes

gets

gives

goes

grows

hangs

hides

knows

lays

leads

lies

lights

loses

proves

ridesrings

rises

runs

sees

seeks

sets

shakes

sings

sinks

sits

speakssprings

steals

stings

strikes

swears

swims

swings

takes

tears

throws

usedwakes

wears

crept

dived/dove

did

dragged

drew

dreamed/dreamt

drank

drove

drownedate

fell

fought

flew

forgot

forgave

froze

got

gave

went

grew

hung

hid

knew

laid

led

lay

lit

lost

proved

roderang

rose

ran

saw

sought

set

shook

sang

sank

sat

spokesprang

stole

stung

struck

swore

swam

swung

took

tore

threw

usedwoke/waked

wore

crept

dived

done

dragged

drawn

dreamt

drunk

driven

drownedeaten

fallen

fought

flown

forgotten

forgiven

frozen

got/gotten

given

gone

grown

hung

hidden

known

laid

led

lain

lit

lost

proved/proven

riddenrung

risen

run

seen

sought

set

shaken

sung

sunk

sat

spokensprung

stolen

stung

struck

sworn

swum

swung

taken

torn

thrown

usedwoken/waked/woke

worn

!


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write writes wrote written

6.2. Verbele auxiliare - be, have, do

Verbele auxiliare be, have, dose utilizeaza in formarea timpurilor verbale,a formelor negative si interogative.Ex.: He is planning to get married soon. I haven't seen Peter since last night.

Be, ca auxiliar, este folosit pentru a forma aspectul continuu, in combinatiecu participiul prezent.Ex.: He isliving in Germany.

Be, #mpreuna cu participiul trecut formeaza diateza pasivaEx.: These cars are made in Japan.

Havein combinatie cu participiul trecut formeaza timpurile perfecte.Ex.: I have changed my mind. I wish you had met Guy.

$rezentul perfect continuu, trecutul perfect continuu sunt formate cuambele auxiliare besi have:Ex.: He has been working very hard recently. he did not know how long she had been luing there.

Besi havese folosesc de asemenea ca auxiliare pentru a forma propozitiinegative si interogative cu timpurile continue si perfecte.Ex.: He isn't going. Hasn't she seen it yet!

%uxiliarul dose foloseste pentru a forma negativul si interogativulprezentului sau trecutului simplu.Ex.: He doesn't think he can come to the party. "o you like her new haircut!

%uxiliarul dose poate folosi cu verbe principale: do, have.Ex.: He didn't do his homework. He doesn't have any money.

&n propozitii afirmative, dose foloseste doar pentru evidentiere saucontrast.Ex.: & do feel sorr' for (oger.

)u se foloseste niciodata auxiliarul docu verbul tobe.

*ingura exceptie este imperativul:"on't be stupid#"o be a god boy and sit still#

6.3. odul

odul verbalse refera la una dintre cele trei atitudini pe care le poateavea un vorbitor fata de continutul mesajului exprimat.

odul indicativ, prezent in majoritatea frazelor de pe aceasta pagina, sefoloseste pentru a face o afirmatie sau a pune o intrebare.

odul im!erativse foloseste pentru a da instructiuni, ordine, directive,sugestii cu caracter pronuntat.Ex.: Get your homework done be$ore you watch television tonight.Please include cash payment with your order $orm. Get out o$ town#*e observa ca nu exista nici un subiect in aceste propozitii. $ronumele you+singular sau plural este subiectul implicit al propozitiilor imperative.ajoritatea propozitiilor imperative vor avea deci subiectul la persoana &&.

Exceptie: constructie imperativa care include un subiect la persoana &Ex.: %et's &or %et us work on these things together.

odul sub"onctivse foloseste in propozitiile subordonate in urmatoarelescopuri:

"


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. e#presia unei dorinte$

!. fraze conditionale care incep cu ifsi e#prima o conditie ireala

". fraze introduse prin as ifsau as thoughsi descriu speculatii sau conditii

ireale

%. fraze introduse prin thatsi care e#prima cereri, sugestii, solicitari.

Ex.: he wishes her boy$riend were here. I$ Juan were more aggressive, he'd be a better hockey player. (e would have passed i$ we had studied harder. He acted as i$ he were guilty. I re)uested that he be present at the hearing.

*ubjonctivul nu este un mod important in limba engleza cum este in altelimbi, de exemplu in franceza sau spaniola. &n multe situatii care in altelimbi cer subjonctivul, in limba engleza sunt folosite formele numeroaselorverbe auxiliarele.

6.4. Verbele fra#ale

alta particularitate a limbii engleze o reprezinta verbele frazale. Verbelefrazale sunt formate dintr-un verb si un alt cuvant, de obicei o prepozitie.Ele au luat nastere in vorbirea de zi cu zi.

Verbele frazale au sensuri mai greu de g/icit la prima vedere si pot aveamai multe astfel de intelesuri, de multe ori diferite. Te exemplu, to comeoutare 01 intelesuri diferite2

Verbele pot fi combinate cu propozitii sau alte cuvinte pentru a obtine noientitati.Ex.: stand out, stand up, stand in, stand o$$, stand by, stand $ast, stand

pat, stand down, stand against, stand $or.

ai mult, verbul si prepozitia sa par a nu avea nici o legatura in contextulrespectivEx.: *ill this out# *ill out this $orm.+a completa un formular Three masked gunmen held up the ecurity +ank this a$ternoon.+a jefui

ou le$t out the part about the police chase down -sylum -venue.+aomite The lawyers looked over the papers care$ully be$ore )uestioning thewitness.+a examina

lista sumara a celor mai folosite verbe frazale, insotite de o scurtaexplicatie si un exemplu, poate fi gasita la:/ttp:33ebster.commnet.edu3grammar3p/rasals./tm.

1. Com!letea#a cu be sau $ave la formeleverbale !otrivite:

wans large birds / almost 0 $eet tall. They log necks. ome swans very tame. They

o$ten come near people $or $ood. *emales usually about si1 babies which are called cygnets. 2ygnets greyin colour and very small wings but when they are $ully grownthey large and strong wings and white in colour. wanscan live to be 03.

2. Com!letea#a verbele fra#ale in !ro!o#itiile de mai "os:hung up, came to, catch on, eat out, put on, talk over, get by,

turned down, $ind out, show up

He tried to his 4acket be$ore his tie was tied.5y $amily was able to on very little money when I was young.

The detective vowed to who the murderer was be$ore thecase went to trial.

(henever we get tired o$ cooking, we at our $avorite Italian

%
http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/phrasals.htmhttp://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/phrasals.htm


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restaurant.2arlos on his sister because he was so tired o$ listening toher whining on the phone.Tashonda was astonished that she was $or the counselor's

position.The committee promised that the celebrity would at thebig event.(hen he , his wallet and bike were nowhere to be $ound.

Pro$essor *arbman promised to the e1am a$ter she returnedthe results.

Terri was able to to the most comple1 problems in calculusbe$ore anyone else

&

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