1. RainwaterManagement:NextAgriculturalRevolutiontoSupportClimateChange AdaptationandLivelihoods TilahunAmede,DeborahBossio,BharatSharma

2. Challenge Program on Water and Food Timeboundprogramofhighimpactresearch UsewaterasanentrypointtoaddressRural Livelihoodsandagroecosystems; Targetcomplexissuesofoverwhelmingglobal and/orregionalsignificancerelatedtowater,climate andsystems; Closelyworkwithpartnershipsamongawiderange ofinstitutions; PartofCGIARinstitutionalreform

3. Dependence on Rainwater for Livelihoods 3

4. CC IMPACTS: RAINFED AGRICULTUREDecreasingorvariablewateravailabilityBiodiversity,cropvariety,foragetypes;ChangingPestsandDiseasesDecliningcropandLivestockyieldExtremeevents,damagecropsandinfrastructureComplicatefarmoperationsandservices;Fluctuationsinfarmers incomeImpactonnationaleconomy,with90%probability 4

5. MakeChoices: Scenariosto2050,withoutCC Today Without productivity improvements CA Scenario Policies for productivity gains, upgrading rainfed, revitalized irrigation, trade 5Based on WaterSim analysis for the CA

6. Convert unproductive water to productive use for CC adaptation High unproductive water losses = Lowsystemproductivity; Kuhar Michael - all cropland Lenche Dima - all cropland 1800 3000 1600 2500 1400flo w s p er HH (m 3) f lo w s p e r H H ( m 3 ) 1200 2000 1000 livestock livestock 1500 800 crops crops 600 1000 400 500 200 0 0 ev aporation trans piration perc olation e v a p o r a tio n tr a n s p ir a tio n p e r c o la tio n runoff r u n o ff deep deep 6

7. Collectiveaction Capturingwater Inlandscapes Managinglandscapes yieldmorewater RainwaterManagementSystems MoreFood/MoreIncome/ResilientSystems Institutions! Institutions! Storingwater Institutions! ImprovedWP

8. ClimatesmartRainwatermanagement systems(RWM) Integratedstrategythatenablesactorstosystematically map,capture,storeandefficientlyuseGreenandBlue waterinalandscapeforproductiveanddomestic purposesandecosystemservices. Decreaseunproductivewaterlosses; Improvethewaterproductivity(increasereturnsperunit ofwaterinvestment) Capitalizesonharvestingprinciples,waterproductivityat variousscales; Combiningwatermanagementwithlandandvegetation management. 8

9. Conservationstructurestorehabilitatesystems;trappingnutrientsandwaterinEthiopia

10. Rainwaterharvestingalongwithhighvaluecrops,Kalu,Ethiopia 10

11. Investinginwatershedmanagement InvestinginIrrigationUpstreamdownstreamlinkages(irrigation) 2.5 320 World Bank lending for irrigation 280 2.0 Irrigated Area 240 200 1.5 160 1.0 Food price index 120 80 0.5 40 0 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Dependency effect? 2005 11

12. Reduce water loss for climate change adaptation Average % loss Loss % loss/ Canal type N flow rate per (l/s/100m) 100m/30l/s (l/s) 100m* Main canal 121 43.21a 2.58a 6.46a 4.49b Secondary canal 57 33.03b 1.59b 4.40b 4.00b Field canal 49 2.88c 0.39c 2.49c 25.94a

13. IncreasedStorageCapacityforCCadaptation;even withoutexternalsupport Comparision of Per capita Storage Capacity 7000 6150 Per Capita Storage (m^3) 6000 4729 5000 4000 3255 3000 2486 2000 1287 1406 746 1000 4 43 0 Kenya Ethiopia South Thailand Laos China Brazil Australia North Africa America Countries 13

14. Micro dose 8 7 6 0 0 0 F a rm C Tuber yield (t/ha) 5 0 4 0 3 0 4 3 2 1 0 2 4 2 1 Tuber yield (t/ha) 1 8 F a rm B 1 5 1 2 4 3 2Zai 1 8 0 0 7 0 Tuber yield (t/ha) 6 0 F a rm A 5 0 4 0 1 2 8 4 0 N N N N N N N N N 14 30 60 30 60 30 60 0 0 0 C o n tro l W ith o u t Z a i W ith Z a i

15. ImproveLivestockSystemsforCCadaptationImprovefeedquality;reducemethaneemissionsIntegratelivestockintothewiderdevelopmentagenda(e.g.irrigation;watershedmanagement);Developingwateringpointsincloserdistances(>35%milkyield);Limitconversionofrangetoannualcroplands;Improveanimalmanagement(health,feedquality,productivity);Interventionstomaximizetranspirationattheexpenseofevaporation(feed);MarketIncentives

16. Building Adaptive capacity on localexperiences .. Buildingonbyelaws/religious organizations/WaterUser Associations Facilitateinformationflow/ technologiesusinglocalchannels Localinstitutionsforcollective action:Upstreamdownstream Commitmentfromlocalauthorities andpolicymakers Homegardens;women 16

17. PES WaterandCarbon Mountainsarethewatertowers;degraded andmismanaged; LandscapemanagementkeytoC sequestration Challenges: Fundingandinstitutionalmodalities Measuring,monitoringandreporting(time) Incentives Cobenefits AdaptedfromTarawali,2011

18. KeymessagesforCCadaptation:1. Investinginwaterstorageatlandscapeandhigherscales(reservoirs,strategicdams,groundwateretc..);2. Policygearedtowardsclimatesensitivesystems (Agriculture/wetlands/watertowers)andvulnerablecommunities;3.Crossboundaryhydrologicalplanning/management;droughtandfloodmonitoringandinformationsystem;copingstrategies;4. Improvingrainwatermanagementsystems,fromcapturingtoefficientutilizationandresilience;5.Responsiveresearchsystemalongwithresourcesfor 18 innovation;

19. Tilahun Amede CPWF Nile Basin Leader t.amede@cgiar.orgACGIARChallengeProgrammeWaterforFood(CPWF)aimstoincreasewaterproductivityandresilienceofsocialandecologicalsystems Thank you !