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Transcript of LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAMrepository.unika.ac.id/17636/1/14.A1.0041 WINSON...i PROJEK AKHIR...
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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/2018
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
MUSEUM PERGERAKAN PEMUDA INDONESIA DI JAKARTA
Tema Desain
Poetic Architecture
Fokus Kajian
Penggunaan Cahaya Untuk Menciptakan Ambience Ruang
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
Winson Christian Anggoro NIM :14.A1.0041
Dosen pembimbing :
Dr. Ir. Rudyanto Soesilo, MSA. NIDN : 0020065402
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Maret 2018
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .......................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN .................................................... iii
PRAKATA .................................................................................................. iv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1
1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ....................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Alasan Pemilihan Judul ....................................................... 2
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................. 5
1.2.1 Tujuan Pembahasan ............................................................. 5
1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan ........................................................... 6
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................. 7
1.4 Metodologi Pembahasan ............................................................ 8
1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................. 8
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa Data ............................. 10
1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ........................................................ 10
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................ 11
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ......................................................... 13
1.5.1 BAB I : Pendahuluan .......................................................... 13
1.5.2 BAB II : Tinjauan Proyek .................................................... 13
1.5.3 BAB III : Analisis Pendekatan Program Arsitektur .......... 14
1.5.4 BAB IV : Program Arsitektur .............................................. 14
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1.5.5 BAB V : Kajian Teori ........................................................... 15
1.5.6 KEPUSTAKAAN .................................................................. 15
1.5.7 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................... 15
BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK MUSEUM PERGERAKAN PEMUDA INDONESIA DI
JAKARTA 16
2.1 Tinjauan Umum ......................................................................... 16
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ................................................................ 16
2.1.2 Latar Belakang .................................................................... 26
2.1.3 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ............................................... 31
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ....................................................................... 32
2.2.1 Terminologi ......................................................................... 32
2.2.2 Kegiatan (Pelaku, Fasilitas, dan Prasarana) ..................... 33
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................. 55
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ..................................................... 57
2.2.5 Studi Kasus Proyek Sejenis............................................... 64
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ......................................................... 77
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ..................................... 78
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................... 78
2.3.2 Batasan ................................................................................ 78
2.3.3 Anggapan ............................................................................ 79
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR MUSEUM
PERGERAKAN PEMUDA INDONESIA DI JAKARTA 80
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................ 80
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang .............................. 80
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3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas Bangunan ................................................... 93
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ................................. 141
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ............................. 141
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas ......................................................... 167
3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ............................ 182
3.3.1 Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................ 182
3.3.2 Analisis Pemilihan Tapak ................................................. 185
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR MUSEUM PERGERAKAN PEMUDA INDONESIA
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4.1 Konsep Program ..................................................................... 192
4.1.1 Aspek Citra ........................................................................ 192
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .................................................................... 193
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ............................................................... 194
4.2 Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan194
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................ 194
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan .......................................... 195
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................... 198
4.3 Program Arsitektur .................................................................. 200
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ............................................................. 200
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................ 202
4.3.3 Program Sistem Pembangunan ....................................... 206
4.3.4 Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................... 206
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI 210
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan/ Tema Desain Poetic Architecture 210
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5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain ... 210
5.1.2 Studi Preseden .................................................................. 216
5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................ 222
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 223
5.3.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan 223
5.3.2 Studi Preseden .................................................................. 235
5.3.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan241
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Peta DKI Jakarta .................................................................................. 58
Gambar 2. 2 Peta Administrasi Kota Jakarta Pusat .................................................. 59
Gambar 2. 3 Lokasi Museum Sumpah Pemuda Terhadap Monas ............................ 65
Gambar 2. 4 Eksterior Museum Sumpah Pemuda beserta Penulis .......................... 65
Gambar 2. 5 Display Diorama dan Benda Kuno beserta Informasinya ..................... 67
Gambar 2. 6 Diorama Skala 1:1 ................................................................................ 68
Gambar 2. 7 Diorama Skala 1:10 .............................................................................. 69
Gambar 2. 8 Gambar WR Soepratman yang dicetak ulang ...................................... 70
Gambar 2. 9 Patung Torso Tembaga ........................................................................ 71
Gambar 2. 10 Fragmen Vinyl Rekaman .................................................................... 71
Gambar 2. 11 Ruang Terbuka ................................................................................... 72
Gambar 2. 12 Patung Monumen Sumpah Pemuda ................................................... 73
Gambar 2. 13 Bangunan Kantor Pengelola yang Bersebelahan dengan Museum
Secara Langsung ...................................................................................................... 74
Gambar 2. 14 Display di Salah Satu Ruangan Kecil ................................................. 75
Gambar 2. 15 Perangkat Buku Digital ....................................................................... 76
Gambar 3. 1 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Objek Monumental ................. 102
Gambar 3. 2 Penataan Patung Monumental pada Hall of Fame ............................. 103
Gambar 3. 3 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Lukisan ................................... 104
Gambar 3. 4 Penataan Lukisan pada Ruang Lukisan Peristiwa.............................. 104
Gambar 3. 5 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Layar ...................................... 105
Gambar 3. 6 Penataan Layout pada Ruang Audio Visual ....................................... 106
Gambar 3. 7 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Koleksi Kecil ........................... 107
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Gambar 3. 8 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Koleksi Sedang ...................... 108
Gambar 3. 9 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Koleksi Besar ......................... 109
Gambar 3. 10 Penataan Layout Pusat Komunitas Alternatif 1 ................................ 110
Gambar 3. 11 Penataan Layout Pusat Komunitas Alternatif 2 ................................ 111
Gambar 3. 12 Penataan Layout Pusat Komunitas Alternatif 3 ................................ 112
Gambar 3. 13 Penataan Layout Ruang Workshop .................................................. 113
Gambar 3. 14 Pendekatan Jarak Pandang terhadap Panggung Seminar ............... 114
Gambar 3. 15 Penataan Layout Ruang Seminar ..................................................... 114
Gambar 3. 16 Penataan Layout pada Ruang Pagelaran ......................................... 115
Gambar 3. 17 Retaining Wall Jenis Sheet Pile ........................................................ 150
Gambar 3. 18 Pelaksanaan Konstruksi Diaphragma Wall ....................................... 152
Gambar 3. 19 Extention Jenis Grab Digging Bucket ............................................... 153
Gambar 3. 20 Konstruksi Lantai Sistem Flat Slab ................................................... 154
Gambar 3. 21 Konstruksi Lantai Jenis Waffle Slab ................................................. 155
Gambar 3. 22 Konstruksi Lantai Jenis One Way Slab ............................................. 156
Gambar 3. 23 Material Penutup Lantai Jenis Parket ............................................... 158
Gambar 3. 24 Material Penutup Lantai Jenis Keramik ............................................ 159
Gambar 3. 25 Material Penutup Lantai Jenis Ubin PC ............................................ 160
Gambar 3. 26 Material Penutup Lantai Jenis Beton Ekspos ................................... 161
Gambar 3. 27 Dinding Batu Bata Merah ................................................................. 162
Gambar 3. 28 Dinding Beton ................................................................................... 163
Gambar 3. 29 Material Plafon Jenis Kayu ............................................................... 164
Gambar 3. 30 Material Plafon Jenis Perforated Metal ............................................. 165
Gambar 3. 31 Copper Roof Cladding ...................................................................... 166
Gambar 3. 32 Zinc Roof Cladding ........................................................................... 167
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Gambar 3. 33 Roof Daylighting System .................................................................. 169
Gambar 3. 34 Side-Lighting System ........................................................................ 170
Gambar 3. 35 AC Split ............................................................................................ 171
Gambar 3. 36 Jenis-jenis Alat Pemadam Api Ringan .............................................. 181
Gambar 3. 37 Hydrant Box ...................................................................................... 181
Gambar 3. 38 Alternatif Tapak 1 ............................................................................. 187
Gambar 3. 39 Alternatif Tapak 2 ............................................................................. 189
Gambar 5. 1 Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth ..................................................... 217
Gambar 5. 2 Kejujuran Material pada Museum Fort Worth ..................................... 218
Gambar 5. 3 Dialog Material pada Museum Fort Worth .......................................... 218
Gambar 5. 4 Kejujuran Struktur ............................................................................... 219
Gambar 5. 5 Jewish Museum .................................................................................. 220
Gambar 5. 6 Permainan Gelap Terang dan Skala pada Jewish Museum ............... 221
Gambar 5. 7 Implementasi Mimesis pada Fasad Bangunan ................................... 221
Gambar 5. 8 Penerapan Direct & Exaggerated Lighting ......................................... 227
Gambar 5. 9 Penerapan Direct & Dramatic Lighting ............................................... 228
Gambar 5. 10 Penerapan Direct & Screened Lighting ............................................ 229
Gambar 5. 11 Penerapan Partially Direct Lighting .................................................. 229
Gambar 5. 12 Penrapan Direct Lighting .................................................................. 230
Gambar 5. 13 Penerapan Selectively Direct Lighting .............................................. 231
Gambar 5. 14 Penerapan Direct/Indirect ................................................................. 232
Gambar 5. 15 Penerapan Spatial Indirect ............................................................... 233
Gambar 5. 16 Penerapan Indirect Lighting .............................................................. 234
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Gambar 5. 17 Penerapan Indirect & Diffuse ............................................................ 234
Gambar 5. 18 Kimbell Art Museum ......................................................................... 236
Gambar 5. 19 Penggunaan Reflector untuk Menyebarkan Cahaya Alami ke
Bangunan ................................................................................................................ 236
Gambar 5. 20 Atmosfer Elegan yang Diciptakan oleh Cahaya Alami ...................... 237
Gambar 5. 21 Gereja Saint Pierre de Firminy ......................................................... 238
Gambar 5. 22 Cahaya Matahari Menciptakan Suasana Sakral ............................... 239
Gambar 5. 23 Penggunaan Direct & Screened dalam Gereja ................................. 240
Gambar 5. 24 Bukaan Cahaya Sekaligus Elemen Estetis ....................................... 241
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2. 1 Pengelompokan Fasilitas ......................................................................... 43
Tabel 2. 2 Sarana pada Fasilitas Museum ................................................................ 52
Tabel 2. 3 Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kecamatan di Jakarta Pusat 2011-2016 ....... 60
Tabel 2. 4 Data Angin Kota Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2015 ............................................ 63
Tabel 2. 5 Suhu Udara Kota Jakarta Pusat Berdasarkan Bulan ................................ 64
Tabel 3. 1 Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang Pengunjung ............................................ 80
Tabel 3. 2 Pendekatan Ruang Kebutuhan Pengelola ................................................ 82
Tabel 3. 3 Waktu Operasional Bangunan .................................................................. 92
Tabel 3. 4 Tabel Pendekatan Jumlah Pengelola ....................................................... 93
Tabel 3. 5 Data Pengunjung Museum Nasional di Jakarta ........................................ 98
Tabel 3. 6 Kebutuhan Luas Ruang .......................................................................... 116
Tabel 4. 1 Program Ruang ...................................................................................... 200
Tabel 4. 2 Perhitungan Luas Bangunan .................................................................. 202
Tabel 5. 1 Skala Ruang terhadap Kesan Ruang ..................................................... 216