La Révolution Industrielle
-
Upload
catherine-wessner -
Category
Education
-
view
2.825 -
download
2
description
Transcript of La Révolution Industrielle
![Page 1: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
La Révolution industrielle
D’après J. Collins/ D McDowell/ A. Anders
![Page 2: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Industrial Revolution
Quelques facteurs 1. Gisements de coke et de
houille, nouveaux carburants 2. Invention de la machine à
vapeur3. Application de la machine à
vapeur, bonne à tout faire4. De meilleurs rendements
agricoles favorisent une hausse démographique: la main d’œuvre est là…
![Page 3: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
L’atelier de l’artisan disparaît; l’usine devient le lieu de production des temps modernes.
![Page 4: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Artisan en hiver, le paysan en été, l’homme des campagnes quittera ses terres pour le faubourg de la ville… il sera désormais l’ouvrier de cette RI
![Page 5: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
C’est en Grande Bretagne que sonnent les débuts de la RI, avec la mise au point de la machine à vapeur de M. James Watt
Elle vide l’eau des mines de charbon pour commencer.
Puis elle actionne scies, forges, marteaux
Elle devient locomotive en 1807
![Page 7: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dans le textile, autre révolution mécanique : filer et tisser rapidement
Après 12’000 ans de filage manuel, la Spinning Jenny accélère la production de fil prêt à être tissé
![Page 8: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pour le tissage, la navette volante augmente les largeurs et la rapidité d’exécution
![Page 9: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
L’Angleterre entame la RI 1715-1850 De grands
gisements de fer et de charbon occupent des régions entières
Le travail de ces mines, rude et dangereux, est laissé aux enfants
![Page 10: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Femmes et enfants travaillent à la cadence des machines. Les « petites mains » sont agiles dans les rouages.
![Page 13: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dans les villes les enfants s’affairent
![Page 14: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
L’Énergie fait tourner les machines de plus belle
![Page 17: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Les salaires des femmes et des fillettes restent très bas.
![Page 18: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
L’acier, un alliage nouveau, contribuera au développement du chemin de fer
![Page 19: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Devenus indépendants les Etats-Unis embauchent, massivement. Une vague d’immigration débarque dès 1840
![Page 20: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Immigration
![Page 21: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Immigration
![Page 22: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Immigration
![Page 23: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Labor Changes
Dramatic changes in work patterns occur in the factories
Concept of time introduced to work, people arrive at factory at specific time, work for pre-set number of hours – “Time was money”
![Page 24: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Des terres nouvelles promettent de l’or
![Page 25: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Il y a la conquête de l’Ouest, et l’industrie automobile, au Nord.
![Page 26: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
L’immigration
![Page 27: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Disease Prevention 1870-Louis Pasteur showed link
between germs and disease, developed a vaccine for rabies and developed pasteurization
1914- knew yellow fever and malaria were caused by mosquitoes
People bathed more 1846-anesthesia Joseph Lister-insisted surgeons
sterilize instruments and wash hands
![Page 28: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
New TechnologyDivide your entire paper into six large boxes
At the top of each box, label them accordingly:1. Electricity and Power2. Transportation3. Products4. Communication5. Medicine6. OtherAs you view the following slides and films, record all the new inventions in the appropriate boxes!
1. Electricity/Power 2. Transportation
3. Products 4. Communication
5. Medicine 6. Other
![Page 29: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Technologie Eli Whitney’s
cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton.
![Page 30: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Technologie
![Page 31: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Technologie
![Page 32: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Transcontinental RR
700’000km de rails en un siècle…
![Page 34: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Technologie
![Page 35: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Le transcontinental RR se joint en Utah
![Page 36: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Panama : un Canal
![Page 37: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Panama Canal
![Page 38: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Science
1869-Dmitri Mendeleyev grouped elements according to weight (periodic table)
Earth formed over millions of years
Charles Darwin (On the Origin of Species)-evolution
![Page 40: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Telegraphe Claude Chappe avait mis au point “la transmission des mots en l’air” Samuel Morse inventa le telegraphe. Une lettre vaut une série
d’impulsions plus ou moins longues.
![Page 41: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Téléphone
![Page 42: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Thomas Edison
The light bulb allowed factories to work at night.
![Page 43: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Edison’s inventions
Motion picture camera
![Page 44: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Phonograph
![Page 45: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Efficient industry
While some progressives fought industry with labor unions and government regulation, others helped industry by using science in the workplace.
![Page 46: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Ford’s assembly line
![Page 47: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Industrial efficiency
Henry Ford learned that the less people had to move, the faster they would work.
![Page 48: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The first cars were very expensive.
![Page 49: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Model T
The Model T was the first car that middle class people could afford.
![Page 50: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Model T
The assembly line lowered the cost of the Model T from $825 to $300.
![Page 51: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Le grand capitalisme soulève des remous philosophiques
Andrew Carnegie , magnat de l’ US Steel.
![Page 52: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Urbanization
Growth largely unplanned leading to numerous sanitary and social problems
Typhoid and cholera epidemics swept through the cities
Families lived in tiny, dirty, rat-infested, crime-infested, disease-ridden housing communities
![Page 53: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Steel Mill at night.
![Page 55: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
la course aux matières premières s’accélère
Pendant que l’Angleterre annexe des terres indoues et australiennes, les français colonisent l’Afrique du nord et de l’ouest.
Puis les Colons Américains conduit par le général Washington obtiendront l’autonomie d’une vraie nation
![Page 57: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Esclavage: L’Angleterre lance le commerce triangulaire. 1690-1807
![Page 58: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Esclavage Les esclaves contribuent
à l’enrichissement des métropoles
Cette traite des noirs env. 1.7 million d’humains, a fourni la main d’oeuvre agricole pour les colons américains.
Aboli en 1865 l’esclavage a créé une ségrégation durable aux USA
![Page 59: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Esclavage
![Page 60: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Esclavage
![Page 61: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Esclavage:
![Page 62: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Esclavage
![Page 63: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Esclavage: une blessure qui dure
![Page 64: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Philosophical Reactions to Industrialization
Adam Smith
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
Charles Darwin Social Darwinism
John Stuart MillsUnions
Women’s Suffrage
Slavery Abolition
![Page 65: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Progressives got laws passed that prohibited child labor.
![Page 67: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Progressives passed laws limiting hours women worked.
![Page 68: La Révolution Industrielle](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081418/55639d60d8b42aae0d8b4781/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Progressives passed laws requiring workplace safety.