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3/12/14

In the classroom

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2On Saturday at the party

3Robert and Masao at the party

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Nominals : song - -: classifier of counting songs : sound : voice : company, a firm : country, nation; ones native land or area foreign country overseas (country) : advertisement : preparation : part time job : party : recruiting

Nominals : kind, considerate anxiety, uneasiness, worry

Verbals U-Verbals

: sing : put (or wear) on the head

: help, lend a hand : become; get to be : take off(of clothing) : put (or wear) on the feet or leg : rest; take time off

Ru-Verbals

: put(or wear ) on the body

Irr-Verbals

: make a request : prepare : recreate, offer : worry

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Nominals : air conditioner : window under age (under 20 years old in Japan)

Nominals : quiet

Adjectivals : is noisy; boisterous : is noisy, harassing, a nuisance

Verbals U-Verbals

: turn off; extinguish; erase

Ru-Verbals

: open(something) : close(something) : turn on; attach(something)

: get used to; be accustomed to X

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Nominals : sunscreen; sunblock : cream : sun

: light : color - : classifier of counting times

Nominals : impressive

Adjectivals : is blue : is red : is black : is white : is young

Verbals U-Verbals

: spread, put on, paint

Ru-Verbals

: show (something) : burn(something)

(3) : it cannot be helped; there is no other way (3) : even if it is so;

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Nominal Nominal

Adjectival Nominal

blue

red

black

white

yellow

brown

pink

green

purple

silver

gold

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Point Direct-style of V-

-verbalDrop and add .

-verbalSee L5 (Appendix) Page 4) Ex.

Dictionary-form Root-form

s

s + o +

k

k + o +

irregurar verbal

Point : , or become As with other structures, if you know the characteristics of each predicate, you will find how

systematic Japanese grammar is. Lets examine this verbal , or become. If the preceding word is in the adjectival category, it must be in the Adj- form. If its in the nominal group, you must add in between. Finally, if its in the verbal category, must be added. It is important for you to remember that all the negatives (imperfective direct-style), regardless

of whether it is derived from an adjectival, nominal + copula , or verbal, belong to the adjectival

category when it comes to conjugation.

Ex.

1. Adjectival Including

2. Nominal + copula

3. Verbal

The format for is as follows:

(1) Adj- (2) Nominal + (3) Verbal + (4) negative

Ex:

(1)

It has become expensive. (2) It has become pretty.

(3)

He/She has started to eat (lit: He/She has become to eat).

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(4)

It has become not expensive. (It's not expensive anymore.) It has become not pretty. (It got ugly.)

He/she stopped eating (lit: He/She has become not to eat).

If it becomes noisy, we must close it.

Even if it becomes expensive, if its delicious, everyone will go (there), I think.

Point 11 or I must go back there by 11:30 as in 11 is by in English. This is a combination of or until and or particle for the time when action occurs. Therefore, any time-related -nominal has to be preceded.

Compare:

11 Ill go back at 11:00. 11 Ill go back around 11:00. 11 Ill go back by 11:00.

Point; Perfective + , or If We can generalize this formula of if phrase in Japanese as Perfective +. Once you know how to make perfective forms with direct-style with three predicates with

both positive and negative.

* With nominal (REMEMBER both -nominal and -nominal behave identically)

+

+

+

+

+

+

It is important for you to know if you want to negate a question with , the answer

should be with generally, and vice versa.

Ex.

1

1 you should remember is a english equivalent of even if .

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Point V-, or Please do not V This formula V form + + is a equivalent of the negative request of V form + Please eat. Please do not eat. Please speak Please do not speak.

Point : and

If you want to find out whether a certain action has already done or not, you must pay attention

to the grammatical phenomenon between positive and negative:

Ex.

Have you eaten lunch already?

Yes, I have (eaten lunch already). No, I have not (eaten lunch yet).

In English the positive answer and the negative answer are grammatically identical except for

positive versus negative. As you can see in Japanese, on the other hand, the formula for positive

is + V-perfective, and the formula for negative is + V-te + . The Japanese interpretation of the negative grammar is I am not in the stage of eating yet.

Compare:

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Grammar check-up L8

1How do you make the direct-style of V-

-

-

-

How do you make the following predicate into X will become ?

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3Translate the following sentence into Japanese.

I think he will do it on Wednesday.

I heard he will do it at around 12 oclock. He will probably be in Richmond until December.

Tanaka said she would return by 6:30 am.

4What is the formula of If, for the three kinds of predicate positive and negative in Japanese.

5Write the following sentences in Japanese.

Please show me your homework.

Please do not speak in English.

6Please write the following English sentences in Japanese.

I think he has come already.

I dont think he has come yet.

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L8

59

capital

Tokyo

Kyoto going up to Tokyo

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child

a child a boy a girl a girl student

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() small, little

is small

an infant

a brook, a stream a primary school

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() meeting,

association

conversation

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shrine,

assembling,

company

a company

a president (of company)

a society

a Shinto shrine

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father

male parent somebody elses father

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mother

parents somebody elses mother

female parent ones motherland

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() high, expensive

Japanese name

high-speed

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school

a high school a high school student

a school

a school master

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every

every day every month

every week

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69

word, language

Japanese

English a foreign language

a story

70

pattern, letter,

sentence

literature

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return,

go (come) back

returning to ones country

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enter, put in

()entering a school entrance

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13

1

2

3

(she)

4

5

6

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