KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa k´go KrPkJat, 2003 · SP Paper 778 (Bengali) £6.70 Session 1...

SP Paper 778 (Bengali) £6.70 Session 1 (2003)

Kh KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa k´go KrPkJat, 2003ÛauqJP§ ßVKuT, Ûa&x S IjqJjq xÄUqJuWM nJwJ~xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPjJ S Cjú~Pj KvãJKmw~T S xJÄÛíKfTjLKfr nëKoTJ~ IjMxºJj

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kJutJPo≤JKr TKkrJAaÇ ÛKav kJutJPo≤JKr TrPkJPra mKc 2002.

Fr ßTJPjJ TKk (jTu) ‰fKr TrPf yPu Copyright Unit, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, St. ClementsHouse, 2-16, Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ lqJé” 01603 723000 - Fr TJPZ IJPmhj TrPf yPm” FrJ ÛKavkJutJPo≤JKr TrPkJPra mKc-r kPã TKkrJAa (˝fô) k´vJxj TrPZÇ

ÛKav kJutJPo≤JKr TrPkJPra mKc-r kPã Kh ßˆvJjJKr IKlx KuKoPac TftOT ÛauqJP§ QfKr S k´TJKvfÇ

mftoJPj ßp ßTJŒJjL Kh ßˆvJjJKr IKlx KuKoPac jJPo mqmxJ TrPZ, fJr ßgPT yJr oqJP\Kˆx ßˆvJjJKr IKlx ˝fπ FmÄ kOgTÇKh ßˆvJjJKr IKlx KuKoPac, ÛKav kJutJPo≤JKr TrPkJPra mKc k´TJvjJèKu ZJkJPjJr S k´TJv TrJr \Pjq hJ~LÇ

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Saif S Shah

Saif S Shah

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Kh ÛK v kJuJ o KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa k´go KrPkJat, 2003ÛauqJP§ ßVKuT, Ûa&x S IjqJjq xÄUqJuWM nJwJ~xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPjJ S Cjú~Pj KvãJKmw~T S xJÄÛíKfTjLKfr nëKoTJ~ IjMxºJj

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Saif S Shah

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Kh ÛKav kJutJPo≤ KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa FUKf~Jr S xhxqkhFUKf~Jr”Ûáu S k´JT-Ûáu KvãJ-xŒKTtf Kmw~xoNy FmÄ KvãJ S fÀePhr oπLr hJK~Pfôr oPiq IjqJjq ßpxm Kmw~ kPz ßxèKu x’Pº FmÄ kptaj,xÄÛíKf S âLzJ oπLr hJK~Pfôr I∂ntMÜ kptaj mqfLf xÄÛíKf S âLzJ-xŒKTtf IjqJjq Kmw~xoNy x’Pº KmPmYjJ TrJ S KrPkJat ßuUJÇ (13 \Mj2002 fJKrPU kJutJPoP≤ VOyLf k´˜Jm IjMxJPr)Ç

xhxqmOª” TKoKar mhKu xhxqVeTqJPrj KVuj (IJøJ~T) oJrPcJ ßl∑\Jr1\qJKT ßmAKu2 oqJKrKuj KuKnÄPˆJj3AP~j ß\ÄKT¿ KlSjJ oqJTuJCc4Ko” l∑qJÄT oqJTIqJKnKa5 TqJPrj ßyJ~JAaKlfl6IJAKrj oqJTèVJjKo” msJ~Jj o≤LgTqJKg kLKa (Ck IJøJ~T - ßckMKa TjPnjr)7oJAPTu rJPxu

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Saif S Shah

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Kh ÛKav kJutJPo≤ KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa k´go KrPkJat, 2003ÛauqJP§ ßVKuT, Ûa&x S IjqJjq xÄUqJuWM nJwJ~ xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPjJ S Cjú~Pj KvãJKmw~T S xJÄÛíKfT jLKfr nëKoTJ~ IjMxºJj

FA TKoKa KjÕKuKUfnJPm kJutJPoP≤ k´KfPmhj TPr -

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1. ÛauqJP§ ßVKuT, Ûa&x S IjqJjq xÄUqJuWM nJwJ~ xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPjJ S Cjú~Pj KvãJKmw~T S xJÄÛíKfT jLKfr nëKoTJ~ fh∂ TrJ FA IjMxºJPjr FUKf~JrÇ2. KuKUf xJãq ßhmJr \Pjq FTaJ xJiJre IJøJj \JjJPjJ yP~KZPuJ FmÄ ßp KuKUf \mJjmªLèKu kJS~JKVP~KZPuJ, PxèKu kKrKvÓ ÈF’ KyPxPm xÄpMÜ IJPZÇ k´Tíf WajJ \JjJr \ßjq KTZM KTZM xJãJ“TJrS KjmtJy TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ pÅJPhrxPñ TgJ muJ yP~KZPuJ fÅJPhr oPiq IJPZj IiqJkT KrYJct \jPˆJj (KcPrÖr, ÛKav KxIJAFuKa), ß\J~JjJ oqJTPkAT (ßckMKaKcPrÖr, ÛKav KxIJAFuKa) FmÄ iPotªs TJjJKj (KxIJrA ÛauqJP§r kíJj)13. ÛauqJP§ nJwJ x’Pº mftoJj oPjJnJmxoNy FmÄ ßpxm mqm˙J ßjS~J yP~PZ, FA KrPkJßat ßxèKu krLãJTrPf YJS~J yP~PZ; KmPvw TPr, ßVKuT, Ûa&x S xÄUqJuWM nJwJèKur ˝LTíKf, mqmyJr S KvãJ x’Pº ßpxm mqm˙J ßjS~J yP~PZ,PxèKuA krLãJ TrPf YJS~J yP~PZÇ4. FaJ TrPf yPu, mftoJj ChqoxoNy FmÄ kéLf IJAPjr Kmw~m á S k´P~JPVr KhPT j\r ßhS~J hrTJrÇ5. k´KfKjKifôoNuT yS~Jr FmÄ ¸ÓfJr CP¨Pvq, ÛauqJP§ ÍxÄUqJuWM nJwJ” -r xÄùJ ßhS~JS hrTJrÇ

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6. mÉ k´KfÔJj S xÄ˙J IKiTfr Kj~KofnJPm nJwJ mqmyJr xŒPTt Umr KhPò KTÄmJ o∂mq TrPZ, pJr lPu IJPrJ ßmKv Ve IJVýxOKÓ yPòÇ PuJPTrJ pJPf IJ®kKrYP~r ßmJi m\J~ rJUPf, xJÄÛíKfT ‰mKYß©q KoPv ßpPf FmÄ \JKfr IgtQjKfT \LmjLvKÜPfImhJj rJUPf kJPr, fJ KjKÁf TrJr \Pjq nJwJ mqmyJPr xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPjJ hrTJr mPu IJPrJ mqJkTnJPm ˝LTJr TrJ yPòÇ--------------------1. ÛKav ßx≤Jr lr AjlrPovJj Ij uqJPñJP~\ aLKYÄ IqJ§ KrxJYt (nJwJ ßvUJPjJ S VPmweJ xŒPTt ÛKav fgqPTªs, xÄPãPk,KxIJAFuKa, ACKjnJKxtKa Im ˆJKutÄ) FmÄ TKovJj lr ßrKx~Ju APTJ~JKuKa-r (metxJoq TKovJj - KxIJrA) oMUkJ©Phr xPñ ßhUJTrJ FmÄ xJãJ“TJr ßjS~J yP~KZPuJÇ

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KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa, k´go KrPkJat 2003

7. KmvõJ~Pjr jJjJ xMKmiJ gJTJ xPfôS FaJ nJwJVf QmKYß©q ÉoKT xOKÓ TrP ZÇ KmPvw TPr, ÛauqJß§r hMKa GKfyJK,xT nJwJ, Ûa&x S ßVKuT-Fr nKmwqPf ^ÅMKT xOKÓ yPf kJPrÇ ACPT-ßf nJwJ xŒPTt jJKlfl fhP∂r FTaJ hKuPu muJ yP~PZ ßp”

ÍkrmftL (FTKmÄv) vfJ»Lr ßvw jJVJh kOKgmLr nJwJèKur vfTrJ 90 nJV y~ uM¬ yP~ pJPm KTÄmJ ßuJk kJS~J fJPhr nJPVq gJTPm mPu IjMoJj TrJ yP~PZÇ ßTJPjJ nJwJr - mrÄ fJr ßvw ImKvÓ mÜJr - hMx¬Jy I∂r oOfáq y~Ç nJwJr FA ãKfr xPñ xJÄÛíKfT QmKY©q FmÄ ßZJa ßZJa TKoCKjKa FmÄ fJPhr KmPvwù ùJj S xJoJK\T rLKfjLKf ßuJPkr WKjÔ xŒTt IJPZÇ IJVJoL hvTèKuPf kOKgmLr xJoPj ßp xJÄÛíKfT S nJwJVf ‰mKYP©qr ãKf xOKÓ yPò, ßxaJ ‰\KmT KmPvõr xoJ∂rJu ãKfr ßYP~ IPjT ßmKvÇ (V´qJcu1998)”2

8. FA TgJ oPj rJUPu, ÛauqJP§ nJwJ mqmyJßr xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPjJ S Cjú~ßjr CkJß~ fh∂ TrJ xñf yPmÇ

ÛauqJP§ nJwJ S xJãrfJ jLKf9. xlrTJrL IiqJkT FmÄ ÛKav ßx≤Jr lr AjlrPovJj Ij uqJPñJP~\ aLKYÄ IqJ§ KrxJYt (KxIJAFuKa)-r ÛauqJñ k´TP·r KmPvwùkrJovthJfJ IiqJkT ß\JPxl ßuJ Km~JPïJ hJKm TrPZj ßp, ßp ßhPvr Kj\˝ GKfyJKxT nJwJ/nJwJxoNPyr \Pjq PTJPjJ KjKhtÓ nJwJ jLKf ßjA,fJPhr, k´TífkPã, ßTJPjJ ßVJkj jLKf gJPTÇ G jLKf ßyJPuJ nJwJèKuPT uM¬ yPf ßhS~JÇ

10. IiqJkT ßuJ Km~JPïJ KmvõJx TPrj ßp”

Í nJwJ S xJãrfJ jLKfèKu \JfL~ ˝JPgt FmÄ nKmwqPfr VKfPmVxŒjú S IKj~Á~fJkNet KmPvõ ÛauqJP§r jJVKrTPhr C•o ˝JPgt yS~J CKYf mPu ÛauqJP§r nJwJ x’Pº FTaJ \JfL~ jLKf hrTJrÇ”4

11. IiqJkT PuJ Km~JPïJr KrPkJPatt5 Pp KfjKa jLKf IJPZ, PxèKuPT KWPr ÛauqJP§r mqJkT nJwJ jLKf xÄVbj TrJ hrTJr

� ÛauqJP§r mftoJj nJwJVf GKfyq mÅJKYP~ rJUJ S kMjÀöLKmf TrJ � ÛauqJP§r nJwJ xñKfr xPñ xrTJKr jLKf IVsJKiTJPrr Kouj � jfMj S ksxJKrf xMPpJPVr Cjú~j

-------------------------------- 2 V´qJcu, Kc. (1998) AÄPrK\ KT pPgÓ yPm? u§j” jJKlfl nJwJ-xŒKTtf fh∂Ç ÍnJwJ KjP~ IJorJ ßTJgJ~ pJKò?” - FA k´mPºÇ3ÍÛauqJñ-Fr k´iJj CP¨vq ßyJPuJ IJiMKjT KmPhKv nJwJr mqmyJr, ßvUJ S ßvUJPjJ FmÄ xJoJK\T S IJûKuT oPjJnJm x’Pº CÅYM oJPjr VPmweJr \Pjq ÛauqJP§r xJogtq mOK≠ FmÄ (IjqJjq FuJTJ~) ßxaJ Km˜Jr TrJr \Pjq FTaJ ßhvmqJkL kKrTJbJPoJ ˙JkPjxJyJpq TrJ”Ç FaJ ßjS~J yP~PZ ÛKav KxIJAF uKa ßgPT SP~xJAa http://www.scilt.stir.ac.uk/Scotlang/Index.htm4PuJKm~JPïJ, ß\.Fu (2001). ÛauqJP§ nJwJ S xJãrfJ jLKf; oMUmº5ßuJKm~JPïJ, ß\. Fu (2001). ÛauqJP§ nJwJ S xJãrfJ jLKfÇ kOÔJ 78

2


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pJS~JÇ2.1.5 ÛauqJP§r \JKfVf xÄUqJuWMPhr nJwJxoNy FmÄ xJÄÛíKfT GKfyqèKuPf xyJ~fJ ß\JVJmJr CkJ~ FmÄ ÛauqJP§r

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14. \JfL~ xÄÛíKf TotPTRvßur CP¨vq FmÄ fJPhr èÀfôkNet IV´JKiTJr x’Pº IJ\ kpt∂ ßpxm TJ\ TrJ yP~PZ fJr KmvhKmmrekNet k´go KrPkJat 2001 xJPur 25ßv IPÖJmr k´TJKvf yP~KZPuJÇ FaJ uãq TrPf yPm ßp FA fhP∂ ßkv TrJ mÉ fgqA FAKrPkJat k´TJKvf ymJr IJPV kJS~J KVP~KZPuJÇ 2000 xJPur IJVˆ oJPx Ppxm uãq S èÀfôkNet IV´JKiTJr k´TJKvf yP~KZPuJßxèKu k´mftj TrJr ßmJßir mqJK¬ KWPrA ofJof k´TJv TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ

15. 2.1. 2-Fr CP¨Pvqr xJzJ~, ÛauqJP§r KmvõKmhqJu~èKur \Pjq TJPjtKV asJˆ-Fr ß\JVJPjJ fyKmu KhP~ ÛauqJP§r nJwJèKur\Pjq FTaJ k´KfÔJj (AjKˆKaCa lr Kh uqJPñJP~P\x Im ÛauqJ§) ˙JkPjr mJ˜m x÷JmjJ x’Pº FTaJ VPmweJ ÊÀ yP~ßVPZÇ IjqJjq KmwP~r oPiq, FA VPmweJr CP¨vq ßyJßuJ”

xrTJr, xm ˜Prr KvãJ, xJÄÛíKfT KmnJV FmÄ \jxJiJrPer k´P~J\jL~ Umßrr irj fh∂ TrJÇ

ÛauqJP§r kKrK˙Kfr k´JxKñT IV´JKiTJr mJZJA TPr KjP~ nKmwqPfr \Pjq FTaJ TotPTRvßur xMkJKrv TrJÇ

16. PTJPjJ ßTJPjJ CP¨Pvqr, KmPvw TPr 2.1.5-Fr, IV´VKf IPkãJTíf o∫r yP~PZÇ mJKwtT kptJPuJYjJ ßgPT Pp k´mftj Kâ~JßjS~J yP~PZ fJPf muJ yP~PZ ßp FVK\KTCKan ÍFA k´˜Jm x’Pº IJPrJ KmPmYjJ TrPZ”Ç ÛauqJP§r xoJP\r oPiq \JKfVfxÄUqJuWMßhr xJÄÛíKfT xÄPpJPV xyJ~fJ ßhmJr rJ\QjKfT xKhòJ gJTPuS, FaJr xogtPj ßTJPjJ TJ\ FUjS TrJ y~KjÇ

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18. Pp FuJTJ~ G IJûKuT KTÄmJ xÄUqJuWM nJwJ mqmyJr TrJ y~, ßxaJPT FA FuJTJ mPu KYK¤f TrJ yP~PZ”Í FTaJ ßnRPVJKuT FuJTJ PpUJPj G CkPrJÜ nJwJ KTZM oJjMPwr TgJ muJr oJiqo pJr lPu FA xjPh k´h• jJjJKmi rãJoNuT SChqo\jT mqm˙J pMKÜVñf mPu irJ yP~PZÇ” 7

19. G xjPhr KÆfL~ IÄPv rJPÓsr jLKf, kéLf IJAj S rLKfjLKfr I∂KjtKyf kíJj IJhvtxoNy S CP¨vqèKu mKetf gJPT FmÄ FaJk´JxKñT nJwJxoNy mÅJKYP~ rJUJr k´P~J\jL~ TJbJPoJ ß\JVJPò mPu irJ yPòÇ

20. xjPhr fOfL~ IÄv, KÆfL~ IÄPv ßp xJiJre IJhvtxoNy IjMPoJhj TrJ yP~PZ, ßxèKu pgJpg Kj~Po „kJ∂r TPrÇ GKj~oèKur xPñ FèKur xŒTt IJPZ” KvãJ, KmYJr TftOkã, k´vJxKjT TftOkã FmÄ xrTJKr ßxmJmqm˙JxoNy, kÝJroJiqo,xJÄÛíKfT Kâ~JTot S xMPpJV-xMKmiJ, IgtQjKfT FmÄ xJoJK\T \Lmj FmÄ xLoJjJ-C•r KmKjo~Ç

21. ACPT xrTJr pUj G xjh IjMPoJhj TPrKZPuJ, fUj KÆfL~ IÄPvr CP¨Pvqr \Pjq Ûa&x nJwJKa FTaJ IJûKuT KTÄmJxÄUqJuWM nJwJ KyPxPm xjPhr xÄùJ ßoaJPf ßkPrKZPuJ mPu oPj TrJ yP~KZPuJ FmÄ PVKuT nJwJaJ fífL~ IÄPvr IJSfJ~gJTPm mPu irJ yP~KZPuJÇ

mÉnJwL KmPvõr jJVKrTmOª22. 1998 xJPu fhJjL∂j KvãJoπL ßyPuj KuPcu nJwJr \Pjq FTaJ Kâ~JPVJÔL ˙Jkj TPrKZPujÇ G ßVJÔLr k´go k´vúèKur oPiq

FTaJ KZPuJ nJwJ ßvUJr \Pjq FTaJ xñf pMKÜr KmTJvÇ ÛKav FVK\KTCKan ÍmÉnJwL KmPvõr jJVKrTmOª” –jJPo ßp KrPkJatk´TJv TPrKZPuJ fJPf FA pMKÜaJ xÄm≠ yP~KZPuJÇ

23. FA KrPkJPat uãq TrJ yP~KZPuJ ßp ÛauqJP§ hMKa ßhv\ GKfyqkNet nJwJ IJPZ - ßVKuT S Ûa&x8Ç G KrPkJPat PpèKuPT,TKoCKjKa nJwJ, ßpoj, ChtN, TqJ≤Kj\, mJÄuJ, ßkJKuv, IJrmL, AaJKu~ S \JkJjL mPu IKnKyf TrJ yP~PZ, PxrTo TP~TKanJwJ IJPZ mPuS vjJÜ TrJ yP~PZÇ G KrPkJPat muJ yP~PZ ßp”

----------------------------------7 IJûKuT S xÄUqJuWM nJwJxoNPyr \Pjq ACPrJkL~ xjhÇ8 FA KjPhtKvTJPf FaJS uãq TrJ yP~PZ ßp Ûa&x nJwJr, ÍxMxÄm≠nJPm ßpJVq jJ yPuS, IJPrJ ßmKv xÄUqT mÜJ” IJPZj - ÛKavFVK\KTCKan ÍKxKaP\j Im F oJKfiKuñM~Ju S~Jutc” (mÉnJwL KmPvõr jJVKrT) xñf pMKÜ kOÔJ 7.

4


ÍIJoJPhr IPkãJTíf To-mqmÂf GKfyqkNet S TKoCKjKa nJwJèKur IJmyoJj x\LmfJ, pÅJrJ FAxm nJwJ~ TgJ mPuj, ÊiM fÅJPhr \PjqAèÀfôkNet j~Ç FaJ IJoJPhr ßVJaJ xoJ\PTS xoO≠ TPr FmÄ FaJ xJoJK\TnJPm IJrS I∂ntMKÜ TßrÇ” 9

24. nJwJèKur kPã xoJP\ S KvãJ~ FTaJ IU§ nëKoTJ gJTJ IfqJmvqTÇ G KrPkJPat ßpojaJ muJ yP~PZ, KmPvõr mJ\JPr, mÉnJwL yPuxKfqTJPrr IgtQjKfT S xJoJK\T CkTJr kJS~J pJ~Ç

25. IJiMKjT ACPrJkL~ nJwJèKu ßvUJr fáujJ~, ÍFTaJ mÉnJwL KmPvõr jJVKrTmOª” KrPkJPat muJ yPpPZ ßp”

ÍIjq FTaJ nJwJr oJiqPo KmPvõr IKnùfJ mM^Pf (ZJ©ZJ©LPhr) xJyJpq, AÄPrK\r oJiqPor IKnùfJr oPfJ FTArTo ÈmJ˜m’ S È‰mi’ yPf kJPrÇ fJrJ xoxqJr xoJiJj, ˛OKfvKÜ, IJmJr oPj TrJ, xÄPpJV TrJ, Kmvh KmmrPe FmÄ mJ˜miotL TotPTRvPu oPjJPpJV ßhS~Jr oJiqPo ßmJi\Kjf CkTJr I\tj TrPf xãoyPm”10 Ç

ACPrJkL~ nJwJ mZr 200126. ACßrJkL~ ACKj~j S ACPrJkL~ kKrwh, ACPrJkL~ nJwJ mZPrr IJP~J\j TPrKZPuJÇ KmvJu kKrKir IjMÔJPjr IJP~J\j TrJ yP~KZPuJ

FmÄ 2001 xJPu 45Ka IÄvV´yeTJrL ßhPvr xmt© TJ\ TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ ACPrJkL~ nJwJ mZPrr KfjKa k´iJj mJeL KZPuJ”

ACPrJk mÉnJwL FmÄ mrJmr fJA gJTPmÇ

nJwJ KvUPu oJjMßwr xMPpJV IJPxÇ

xmJA FaJ TrPf kJPrÇ

5-14 \JfL~ KjPhtKvTJ27. 1991 xJPu AÄPrK\ nJwJr 5-14 \JfL~ KjPhtKvTJ ‰fKr TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ FA KjPhtKvTJ~ ÛauqJP§r ÛáuèKuPf AÄPrK\ nJwJ ßvUJ S

ßvUJPjJ x’Pº krJovt ßhS~J yP~KZPuJÇ G KjPhtKvTJ~ ÍAÄPrK\ nJwJr TîJPv nJwJ S xÄÛíKfr ‰mKYP©qr TgJ oPj rJUJ” x’PºSKjKhtÓnJPm CPuäU TrJ yPpKZPuJÇ”11

28. Íxñf pMKÜ” IÄPv, G KjPhtKvTJ~ muJ yPpPZ ßp”

ÍPZPuPoP~rJ fJPhr xmtk´go nJwJ mJKzPf FmÄ k´JT-Ûáu ßVJÔLèKuPf IJ~• TPr FmÄ ÛáuèKu ßxA KnK•r FmÄ ßZPuPoP~Phr IKnùfJrKm˜JroMUL kKrKir Ckr IJrS mJKzP~ fáuPmÇ FA ßVJzJr nJwJ KmKY© yPm” TUjS TUjS FaJ CknJwJ yPm FmÄ oJP^ oJP^ FaJ AÄPrK\yPm jJÇ fPm, G Ûáu ßp TKoCKjKaPf ßxmJ ß\JVJ~ fJr QmKY©q FPf k´KflKuf yPm FmÄ TîJPv ßp KvãJ ßhS~J y~ FaJ fJPfS ImhJjrJUPmÇ KvãTrJ ImKyf yP~ FA nJwJ xJouJPmj pJPf TPr mqKÜVf k´P~J\j ßoaJPjJ, IJ®KmvõJPx C“xJy ßhS~J FmÄ PvUJPT FTaJIJjªhJ~T IKnùfJ TPr ßfJuJ pJ~Ç” 12

--------------------------------- 9 ÛKav FVK\KTCKan” ÍKxKaP\j&x Im F oJKfiKuñM~Ju S~Jutc”10 ÛKav FVK\KTCKan” ÍKxKaP\j&x Im F oJKfiKuñM~Ju S~Jutc”

11 ÛKav IKlx FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤ TJKrKTCuJo IqJ§ IqJPxxPo≤ Aj ÛauqJ§ jqJvjJu VJAcuJAj&x AÄKuv uqJPñJP~\ 5-14 12 ÛKav IKlx FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤ TJKrKTCuJo IqJ§ IqJPxxPo≤ Aj ÛauqJ§ jqJvjJu VJAcuJAj&x AÄKuv uqJPñJP~\ 5-14

5


29. FZJzJ, G KjPhtKvTJ, KjPY mKetf 3Ka ußãqr KjPhtv KhP~PZ ” ÍÛáuèKur” ZJ©ZJ©LrJ pJPf fJPhr AÄPrK\ ßmJ^J FmÄ ßxaJ KjntMunJPm mqmyJr TrJr xJoPgtqr kMPrJ mqmyJr TrPf kJPr ßx\Pjq fJPhr hãfJ S ùJPjr KmTJv TrPf yPm;

fJPhr mMK≠o•J\Kjf, IJPmV\Kjf, ßxRªptPmJi\Kjf, xJoJK\T S ‰jKfT KmTJvxy nJwJ S xJKyPfqr oJiqPo ZJ©ZJ©LPhr mqKÜVfKmTJPv xyJ~fJ ß\JVJPf yPm;

xyjvLufJ, CkPnJV, xyPpJKVfJ S IÄvLhJKrr \Pjq CPÆVxy fJPhr KjP\r FmÄ kr¸Prr nJwJKmTJßvr CP¨Pv ZJ©ZJ©LPhr oPiqjJjJKmi AKfmJYT oPjJnJßmr Cjú~j TrPf yPmÇ”13

30. FaJPT ß\JrhJr TPr FA KmmOKf ßhS~J yP~PZ” ÍFA xÄÛíKf S nJwJr ‰mKY©q x’Pº FTaJ xPYfjfJr KmTJv TrJÛáPur Tftmq, nJwJr oJiqPo fJPhr KjP\Phr FmÄ fJPhr Kj\˝ iotoßfr oNuqJ~j TrPf ZJ©ZJ©LPhr xJyJpq TrPf yPm FmÄ IjqPhr iotof SIjMnëKfr k´KfS vs≠J ßhUJPf FmÄ PxèKur oNuqJ~j TrPf yPmÇ”14 (ß\Jr ßhmJr \Pjq mPzJ Iãr mqmyJr TrJ yP~PZ) 31. AÄPrK\ nJwJr 5-14 \JfL~ KjPhtKvTJ kMPrJkMKr k´mftj TrJ yPu, ßxaJ xJoJK\T I∂ntMKÜr \Pjq IPjT KTZM I\tj TrPm FmÄ FaJ uãq TrPf yPm ßp, fJPf ßVKuT, Ûa&x FmÄ TKoCKjKar nJwJxoNy I∂ntMÜ gJTPmÇ

ÛKav kJutJPoP≤ AÄPrK\ ZJzJ IjqJjq nJwJxoNPyr mqmyJr 32. kJutJPoß≤r kéJuL (k´KxKcSxt) TKoKar TJ\ TrJr kr, FTaJ nJwJ jLKf ßVJÔL IJøJj TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ G k´KxKcSxt TKoKa FmÄ ÛKavkJutJPo≤ TrPkJPra mKc fJPhr KrPkJat KmPmYjJ TPr FA Kx≠J∂ KjP~KZPuJ ßp AÄPrK\ S ßVKuT, kJutJPoP≤r hMA xrTJKr nJwJ KyPxPm ImqJyfgJTPm pKhS jfáj kJutJPo≤ nmPjr xPïfKY¤èKuPf ßmsAu I∂ntMÜ TrJ yPmÇ

Ûa&x” IJhvtxoNPyr FTaJ KmmOKf (F ßÂaPo≤ S Kk´j&Kxk&ux)33. Ûa&x nJwJ x’Pº ÛKav kJutJPoP≤ Èâx kJKat V´∆k’ -Fr FT xJŒsKfT ‰mbPTr kr, xÄÛíKf oπL oJAT S~Jaxj FoFxKk, FT AKñf KhP~mPuj Pp G ßVJÔLr xhxqPhr ùJj S IKnùfJ, G nJwJr FT TotPTRvPur KnK• Vbj TrPf kJrPm, FmÄ ßxaJ ÛKav FVK\KTCKan-Fr kPãIJVý\jT yPmÇ 1534. FrTo FTaJ TotPTRvPur KmTJPv FTaJ TJptTr xÄPpJ\j mftoJPj YJuM yP~PZ FmÄ âx kJKatr G KrßkJat, ÍÛa&x” F ßÂaPo≤ SKk´j&Kxk&ux’, 2003 xJPur ßVJzJr KhPT YJuM TrJ yPm mPu IJvJ TrJ yPòÇ

KjrJkh x•J35. PVKuT S Ûa&x nJwJxoNPyr KjrJkh (KTÄmJ IJAjVf) x•Jr k´vú xJŒsKfT mZrèKuPf kÝMr oPjJPpJV IJTwte TPrPZ FmÄ ßVKuTFr

\Pjq IJAj ké~Pjr k´go xÄxhL~ k´PYÓJ TrJ yP~KZPuJ yJCx Im To¿-Fr FTaJ Èk´JAPna ßo’Jxt Kmu’-F (xrTJrL ChqPo ßkv TrJj~, FoKk-ßhr Foj FTaJ IJAPjr UxzJ) ßpaJ ßkv TPrKZPuj cjJfl ˆá~Jat 1981 xJPuÇ KmKnjú kKrPmPv PVKuT nJwJr mqmyJrKjKÁf TrJr CkJ~ KyPxPm ÈToMj jJ ßVAc&KuV’ S IjqJjq kńJmvJuL ßVKuT xÄ˙JxoNy FA nJwJr IJAjVf ˝LTíKf I\tj TrJrk´PYÓJxoNPy xogtj \JKjP~PZÇ 1999 xJPur KjmtJYj kÝJr IKnpJPjr xo~ YJrKa kíJj rJ\QjKfT hPur KfjKa, KjrJkh x•J I\tPjk´Kfvs∆Kf KhP~KZPuJÇ

----------------------------------------13 FTA \J~VJ~14 FTA \J~VJ~15 10 ßxP¡’r 2002 fJKrPU Ûa&x KxKkK\-r ‰mbT

6


xÄUqJuWM nJwJxoNPyr xÄùJ36. FA fhP∂ ÛauqP§r nJwJxoNy KmPmYjJ TrPf YJS~J yP~PZÇ Fr FUKf~Jr KZPuJ, ÛauqJP§ PVKuT, Ûa&x S xÄUqJuWM nJwJ~

xogtj P\JVJPjJ FmÄ fJr Cjú~Pj KvãJVf FmÄ xJÄÛíKfT jLKfr nëKoTJ~ fh∂ TrJÇ ¸ÓfJr UJKfPr,ÍxÄUqJuWM nJwJxoNy”muPf KT ßmJ^J~ fJr xÄùJ ßhS~J hrTJrÇ

37. IJûKuT S xÄUqJuWM nJwJèKur xmPYP~ IJKiTqkNet xÄùJ, IJûKuT KTÄmJ xÄUqJuWM nJwJxoNPyr \Pjq ACPrJkL~ xjPhI∂ntMÜ IJPZ FmÄ IjMPòh (17) -ßf Fr Kmvh Kmmre ßhS~J IJPZÇ FA xÄùJA FA KrPkJPatr KnK• yPmÇ

38. ßkv TrJ TP~TKa pMKÜPf muJ yP~PZ ß~, xKfqTJPrr I∂ntMKÜxŒjú nJwJ KmfTt uJn TrPf yPu, pÅJPhr ßYJPU ßhUPf KTÄmJTJPj ÊjPf IxMKmiJ IJPZ, fÅJPhr \Pjq ßpJVJPpJV mqm˙Jr TgJS KmPmYjJ TrPf yPmÇ Gxm KmmOKfèKur oPiq, ßmKvrnJVAKmsKav xJAj uqJPñJP~\ (xJPïKfT nJwJ - xÄPãPk, KmFxFu) x’Pº KZPuJÇ FA KrPkJßat, ÛauqJP§r nJwJxoNy KmPmYjJ TrJyP~PZ FmÄ fJPf ßpJVJPpJV TrJr FA irjèKu kKrPmÓj TrJ IJPZÇ

mÉnJwJmJh

39. Ppxm KmmOKf kJS~J PVPZ, fJr ßgPT FaJ oPj yPò ßp KÆnJwJmJh S mÉnJwJmJPhr iJreJ~ Chqo ß\JVJPf FmÄ ßxèKu kíJjKvãJk´mJPy k´mftj TrJr \Pjq pPgÓ TJ\ TrJ yPò jJÇ PVKuT nJwJ~ Chqo ß\JVJPf FmÄ ßxaJ ßvUJPf KTZMaJ xJluqI\tj TrJ yPuS, FpJmf Ûa&x S TKoCKjKa nJwJèKu ImPyuJ TrJ yP~PZ mPuA oPj yP~PZÇ

KÆnJwJmJh S mÉnJwJmJßhr Cjú~j TrJ èÀfôkNet ßTj?40. Ppxm KmmOKf kJS~J ßVPZ, fJr ßgPT FaJ ¸Ó yP~PZ ßp, KmsKav xoJ\ FTnJwJhPTA ˝JnJKmT oJj mPu ßhPU FPxPZÇ FaJ

nJmJ yP~KZPuJ ßp AÄPrK\ ZJzJ Ijq ßTJPjJ nJwJ ßvUJPu AÄPrK\ ßvUJ~ mqJWJf WaPmÇ41. ßpxm KmmOKf kJS~J ßVPZ, fJr oPiq TP~TaJ ßxA VPmweJr TgJ CPuäU TPrKZPuJ pJPf muJ yP~PZ ßp hMA mJ fJr ßmKv nJwJ

KvUPu \JjPf kJrJr FmÄ xJãrfJ xJoPgtqr mOK≠ y~ FmÄ \Lmj x’Pº ZJ©ZJ©Lr iJreJ Km Of y~Ç42. fÅJr KmmOKfPf IiqJkT KrYJct \jPˆJj, ßVKuT-oJiqPo k´JgKoT KvãJ x’Pº ÛKav FVK\KTCKan FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤-Fr

\Pjq fÅJr Kj\˝ VPmweJ CPuäU TPrPZjÇ Fr FTaJ Kx≠JP∂ k´TJv TrJ yP~PZ ßp, k´JAoJKr 7-F AÄPrK\ nJwJr \Pjq ßpßhvmqJkL oNuqJ~j TrJ yP~PZ, fJPf ßhUJ ßVPZ ßp ßVKuT nJwJr oJiqPo KvãJk´J¬ PZPuPoP~rJ, pJßhr ÊiM AÄPrK\ ßvUJPjJyP~PZ , fJPhr ßYP~ nJPuJ lu I\tj TPrPZÇ FTAnJPm, KfKj AaJKuPf ßp VPmweJ KjmtJy TrJ yP~PZ fJr hOÓJ∂ßhKUP~PZjÇ FT mZr iPr, VPmweJTJrLrJ k´JAoJKr 1-F hMA ßVJÔL AaJKu~ ZJ©ZJ©LPhr xPñ TJ\ TPrKZPuJ ” xJoJK\TkanëKor KhT ßgPT FA hMA ßVJÔLr xJo†xq KZPuJÇ FTaJ ßVJÔLPT ÊiM kÝKuf AaJKu~Jj ßvUJPjJ yP~KZPuJ, IJr IjqßVJÔLPT kÝKuf AaJKu~Jj-Fr xPñ I· kKroJe AÄPrK\ FmÄ fJPhr ˙JjL~ CknJwJr I· kKroJe KoKvP~ ßvUJPjJyP~KZPuJÇ mZPrr ßvPw, ßp ßVJÔLßT KfjKa nJwJ ßvUJPjJ yP~KZPuJ, fJrJ, ßp ßVJÔLPT ÊiM kÝKuf AaJKu~Jj ßvUJPjJyP~KZPuJ, fJPhr ßYP~ nJPuJ lu I\tj TPrKZPuJÇ

7


43. IiqJkT \jPˆJj muPZj ßp, mÉnJwJmJhPT KmKnjúnJPm ßhUJ yP~PZ, ßpoj, FTaJ ÍxoxqJ” KTÄmJ FTaJ ÍIKiTJr” KyPxPm, fPmFaJPT xmPYP~ Pp TJptTr CkJP~ ßhUPf yPm, ßxaJ ßyJPuJ FTaJ x÷JmjJkNet ÍxñKf” KyPxPm - KvãJ FmÄ ÛKav xoJP\ KmKY© xÄÛíKfrxÄPpJ\j k´xPñÇ mÉnJwJmJhPT Í˝JnJKmT” KyPxPm ßhUPf yPm, IJ\TJu FTnJwJmJhPT ßpoj ˝JnJKmT oPj TrJ y~, ßxrTonJPmj~Ç IÄvf, ÍFT mÉnJwJmJh KmPvõr jJVKrTxoNy” FaJ kóJe TPrÇ IiqJkT \jPˆJj k´˜Jm TrPZj ßp, mÉnJwJmJh muPf FaJ ßmJ^J~jJ ßp, k´PfqTPTA fJPhr Kj\ Kj\ nJwJ~ xoJjnJPm hã ymJr hrTJr yPmÇ fJr mhPu, fJPhr k´P~J\j S IJVý IjMxJPr KmKnjú nJwJ~fJPhr hãfJr oJ©Jr mqKfâo, xoqTnJPm yPf kJPrÇ

44. SP~u&v uqJPñJP~\ ßmJct (nJwJ kKrwh) ÍF KnvJj IqJ§ KovJj lr 2000-2005” (2000-2005 xJPur \Pjq FTaJ hNrhOKÓ SCP¨vq)-jJoT fJPhr k´TJvjJ~ mPuPZ ßp”

ÍKÆnJwJmJh, mqKÜKmPvw S TKoCKjKar kPã CkTJrL mPu FUj SP~u&x-F FTaJ xJiJre ˝LTíKf ßhUJ pJPòÇ mqKÜKmPvPwr \Pjq,KÆnJwJmJh KmÕffr ßpJVJPpJPVr xMPpJV ß\JVJ~ pJr lPu KÆxJÄÛíKfT ymJr \Pjq KmPvõr hMPaJ \JjJuJr jJVJu kJS~J pJ~ FmÄ hMKaxJãrfJr jJVJu kJS~J pJ~, IJ®vs≠J ßmPz pJ~, IJ®kKrYP~r FT KjrJkh ßmJi \JPV FmÄ YJTKr kJS~Jr xMPpJV ßmPz pJ~Ç IJrTKoCKjKaPhr \Pjq, KÆnJwJmJh IfLPfr xPñ IJmyoJjfJ, mftoJPjr \Pjq xMxÄm≠fJ FmÄ nKmwq“ VbPjr \Pjq xyPpJKVfJkNet ChqPorFT C“x ß\JVJ~Ç” 16

45. FaJ mÉnJwJmJßh FmÄ mqKÜmVt, KmvõmqJkL mOy•r xMKmiJr jJVJu kJPm, FA iJreJ~ k´xJKrf TrJ ßpPf kJPrÇ FPf FA AÄKñfS kJS~J pJPò ßp, FTaJ mÉnJwL xoJ\ TKoCKjKar KnfPr FmÄ KmKnjú TKoCKjKar oPiq xÄm≠fJ ß\JVJPf FmÄ xJoJK\TnJPm IKiTfr I∂ntMKÜxŒjú xoJP\ ImhJj rJUPf xJyJpq TrPf kJrPmÇ

46. Ûa&x, ßVKuT FmÄ TKoCKjKar nJwJxoNy, KvãJ~ S xÄÛíKfPf ˝LTíf S mqmÂf yS~Jr kPã ßp pMKÜ ßhUJPjJ yP~PZ, mÉnJwJmJPhr FA iJreJaJA fJr KnK• ˙Jkj TrPZÇ

47. FA fhP∂r CP¨Pvq, ÛauqJP§r nJwJxoNy KyPxPm ßVKuT, Ûa&x S TKoCKjKa nJwJèKu FTxPñ PjS~J UMmA xñf yPmÇ fPm, KrPkJPatr krmftL IÄPvr CP¨Pvq FmÄ ÊiM ¸ÓfJr UJKfPr, k´PfqTaJA IJuJhJnJPm ßhUJ yPmÇ

Ûa&x

48. KuKUf \mJjmªLèKur ßmKvrnJßVA Ûa&x nJwJr Ckr ß\Jr ßhS~J yP~KZPuJÇ IPjT \mJjmªLPf Ûa&x S KvãJmqm˙Jr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yPuS, FaJ kKrÏJr ßmJ^J pJPò ßp, KvãJr KnfPr FmÄ xÄÛíKfr KnfPr nJwJßT ßpnJPm mqmyJr TrJ y~, fJ IPòhqnJPm xÄpMÜÇ ÛáPu Ûa&x nJwJr ˝LTíKfr InJßmr lPu G nJwJ nñMr yP~ pJPmÇ nKmwqPfr ßuUTrJ Ûa&x nJwJ~ ßpJVJPpJV TrJr xJogtq yJrJPmÇ Ûa&x nJwJ~ xJÄÛíKfT xñKf pKh KgP~aJr, ßaKuKnvJj, xJKyfq KTÄmJ TKmfJr \Pjq IgmJ ßxèKur ÆJrJ IJr ‰fKr jJ y~, fJyPu CPuäU ßuJk kJPm FmÄ KvãJr CkTrPer oOfáq yPmÇ

49. \mJjmªLèKu ßgPT FaJ ¸Ó ßmJ^J ßVPZ ßp Ûa&x nJwJPT AÄPrK\r ßYP~ KjÕ˜Prr nJwJ mPu oPj TrJ y~ mPu CPÆV xOKÓ yP~PZÇ ßp hOÓJ∂aJ k´J~A C≠íf TrJ y~, ßxaJ ßyJPuJ FTaJ x∂Jj Ûa&x nJwJ mqmyJr TPrPZ mPu fJr mJmJ/oJ KTÄmJ KvãT fJPT n“txjJ TPr mPuPZj ßp FaJ ÍIoJK\tf nJwJ” FmÄ TgJ muJr FaJ VýPer IPpJVq FT CkJ~Ç IPjT \mJjmªLPf, TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNPyr xPñ fáujJ TPr ßhUJPjJ yP~KZPuJ ßp TJßrJ TJßrJ k´go nJwJ TJptTrnJPm ßYPk rJUJ yP~PZÇ -------------------------------------------16 SP~u&v uqJPñJP~\ ßmJct ” ÍF KnvJj IqJ§ KovJj lr 2000-2005”

8


50. IiqJkT KrYJct \jPˆJj fÅJr \mJjmªLPf ßpojaJ mPuPZj”

ÍÛauqJP§ KmKnjú nJwJr k´Kf oPjJnJm x’Pº mftoJPj UMm ßmKv VPmweJ y~Kj, fPm ßpaáTá TrJ yP~PZ fJr ßgPT PmJ^J pJPò ßp FAoPjJnJmèKu TUjS TUjS KmÃJ∂ yPf kJPr FmÄ fJPhr náu Umr ßhS~J yP~ gJTPf kJPr (FmÄ ßTJPjJ ßTJPjJ ßãP© mqKÜVf KTÄmJk´KfÔJjVf metQmwoq kanëKoPf x÷mf CÅKT ßh~)Ç nJwJ x’Pº VeoPjJnJmßT IJorJ pKh IJrS nJPuJnJPm ImKyf TrJPf FmÄ IJrSAKfmJYT yS~JPf xJyJpq TrJr \Pjq jLKf rYjJ TrPf YJA, fJyPu oPjJnJmVf ßTJPjJ kKrmftj xKfq xKfq WaPu PxaJ rLKfVfnJPmkKroJk TrJ IJoJPhr hrTJr yPmÇ”17

51. Gxm \mJjmªLPf Ûa&x nJwJPT xrTJKr x•J ßhmJr FmÄ fJr lPu Ve\LmPj CkpMÜ ˝LTíKf \JjJmJrk´P~J\ßjr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ KvãJmqm˙J~ KTÄmJ xÄÛíKfPf Ûa&x nJwJr pPgÓ ˝LTíKf ßjA mPu CPÆV xOKÓ yP~KZPuJÇxJÄÛíKfT IJ®kKrYP~ nJwJ ßp FTaJ IKmPòhq Iñ fJ mM^Pf FmÄ fJr fJKrl TrPf yPmÇ

52. ACPrJkL~ xjPhr KÆfL~ IÄPv Ûa&xßT FTaJ IJûKuT nJwJ KyPxPm IJUqJ ßhS~J yPpPZ ” FaJ fOfL~ IÄPvr IJSfJ~ j~, PpUJßjßVKuTPT rãJmqm˙J ßhS~J IJPZÇ pMKÜ ßhKUP~ muJ yP~PZ ßp, Fr oJPj ßyJPuJ FA ßp, KvãJ S xÄÛíKf x’Pº KmPvwnJPm KjKhtÓ mqm˙Jk´mftj TrJ~ pPgÓ hJK~fô KTÄmJ ßk´reJ ßjA FmÄ Fr ßgPT FA AÄKVf kJS~J pJPò ßp, Ûa&xPT FTaJ yLjfr nJwJ KyPxPm oPj TrJy~Ç

53. jqJvjJu TJuYJrJu ˆsqKaK\-r oPfJ ChqoèKu Ûa&x x’Pº YuoJj KmfTt FKVP~ KjP~ pJS~Jr CP¨Pv KTZMaJkg ßVPZ mPu ˝LTJr TrJ yPuS, UMm To xMxÄm≠fJ IJPZ mPu FmÄ IJrS IPjT TJ\ TrPf yPm mPu mqJkTnJPm xÿKfuJn yP~PZÇ

54. IqJmJKctj KmvõKmhqJuP~r AÄPrK\ KmnJPVr Citfj ßuTYJrJr, P\. ßcKrT oqJTKTîSr, 2001 xJPu ÛauqJP§ACPrJkL~Jj A~Jr Im uqJPñJP~P\x (nJwJxoNPyr ACPrJkL~ mZr) YJuM TrJr FT xPÿuj - ÍuqJPñJP~P\x kKuKx Aj Kh IJAu&x” -F(ÛKav ÆLkkMP† nJwJjLKfßf) fÅJr k´mPº mPuPZj”

Í ßp Ûa&x nJwJPT KvãJkéJuLPf mrJmr ImPyuJ TrJ yP~PZ KTÄmJ xKâ~nJPm ßYPk rJUJ yP~PZ, xJŒsKfT mZrèKuPf fJr nJPVq ßmv jJaTL~ kKrmftj yP~PZÇ xo~JjMâKoT KyxJPm, KjÕKuKUf k´JxKñT WajJèKu WPaPZ; FTaJ CPuäUPpJVq xJKyKfqT k´°ëaj, pJr oPiq KZPuJ Yo“TJr, IJKmÏJroMUL S hO|nJPm rJ\QjKfT CP¨vq-k´PeJKhf TKmfJr rYjJ; kK§fL VPmweJr GKfyJKxT FmÄ mftoJj - FA Cn~ IJTJPrr FTaJ ßã© KyPxPm G nJwJr x•J~ FT kíJj CjúKf ; VPmweJ S KvãJhJßjr \Pjq k´TJKvf k´mºxoNPyr âomitoJj unqfJ, KmPvw CPuäUPpJVqnJPm mÉUß§ k´TJKvf hMUJjJ IKniJj FmÄ fJPhr Ckr KnK• TPr ßpxm k´TJvjJ yP~PZ; TîJPv Fr x•Jr CjúKfTP· mKuÔ k´PYÓJ; FmÄ xmPvPw, FA nJwJPT xKâ~ C“xJy PhmJr \Pjq jfáj ÛKav kJutJPoP≤r ßWJKwf IKnk´J~Ç fPm, Fr KmkrLf KhPT, \jxJiJre S k´vJxKjT, FA Cn~ ˜Pr IùfJr FT Ifu Vøßrr ßoJTJKmuJ FUjS TrPf yPm; ChqoèKu kíJjf mqKÜKmPvw FmÄ U§ U§ KnK•Pf PjS~J yP~PZ; FmÄ FA nJwJPT C“xJy ßhmJr FmÄ ÛauqJP§r \JfL~ nJwJ KyPxPm Fr x•J KjrJkh rJUJr CP¨Pvq kJutJPo≤, FpJmf, CjúLf TrJ ßfJ hNPrr TgJ, FTaJ xÄm≠ S mJ˜m jLKf CØm TrPf mqgt yP~PZÇ”18

-----------------------------------17 IiqJkT KrYJct \jPˆJj-Fr \mJjmªL18 uqJPñJP~P\x kKuKx Aj Kh IJAu&x” ß\ ßcKrT oqJTKTîSr-Fr k´mº

9


55. ßp \mJjmªLèKu kJS~J ßVPZ, fJr IPjTèKuPf, ÛKav FVK\KTCKan-Fr jqJvjJu TJuYJrJu ˆsqKaK\Pf Ûa&xPT KTZMaJKmvõJxPpJVqfJ ßhS~J yP~PZ mPu ˝LTJr TrJ yPuS, xJiJrenJPm ßp IjMnëKfaJ k´TJv TrJ yß~PZ fJ ßyJPuJ FA ßp,CP¨vqèKu TJptTr mJ˜Pm kKref TrJr \Pjq KTZM TrJ y~KjÇ

56. Ûa&x x’Pº FT mqJkT jLKfr KTZM KTZM ˝fπ hOÓJ∂ ßhUJ KVP~PZ, KmPvw TPr IqJñJx TJCjKxu-F, pJrJ Ûa&x nJwJ SÛKav xÄÛíKf x’Pº jLKf S KjPhtKvTJ ‰fKr TPrPZÇ

57. jqJvjJu TJuYJrJu ˆsqJKaK\ FmÄ 5-14 KjPhtKvTJ k´TJv TrJ xPfôS, ÛáPu Ûa&x nJwJPT oNuq ßhS~J yPò jJ FmÄ FrKvãJhJjS, UMm To TPr muPuS, UJkZJzJ yP~PZ mPuS CPÆV k´TJv TrJ yP~PZÇ 5-14 kJbâo KjPhtKvTJ~ IJPV ßgPTmKetf iJrJxoNy gJTJ xPfôS, FA nJwJ k´J~A ÛáPu I∂ntMÜ TrJ y~ jJÇ

58. mÉ ßãP©, Ûa&x nJwJ ßvUJPjJPf Ûa&x nJwJ~ ßuUJ TKmfJ gJPT (ßpoj, KyC oqJTßc~JrKoc)Ç fPm, ßuUT/KvãT,oqJKgC Kla muPZj ßp, ÛáPu Ûa&x TKmfJ S TgJ ßvUJPjJ yPuS, TgJèKur oJPj x’Pº KmPvw mJ ßTJPjJ mqJUqJ ßhS~JgJPT jJ FmÄ ßvUJaJ ÊiM oMU˙ TrJr oJiqPoA y~Ç

59. FrToaJ yS~Jr TJre KyPxPm muJ yP~PZ ßp Ûa&x ßvUJPjJßf UMm To xyJ~fJA kJS~J KVP~PZÇ mÉ \mJjmªLPf, uJKjtÄIqJ§ aLKYÄ ÛauqJ§-Fr ‰fKr Í KTˆ” (nJ§Jr) kJbq FmÄ xŒsKf YJuM yS~J ÍAKY Tá” k´Tß·r fJKrl TrJ yPuS, fJrJFTgJS mPuPZ ßp, GrTo K\Kjwk© ßouJ KmruÇ

60. fÅJr \mJjmªLPf oqJKgC Kla mPuPZj ßp mftoJPj Ûa&x ßvUJmJr KTÄmJ ßvUJPf kJrJr TP~TKa CkJ~ IJPZ” (1) Ûa&x-FIJV´yL FT\j FTT KvãPTr Ckr KjntrfJ, (2) Pp KvãT YJTKrrf gJTJr xo~ Ûa&x nJwJ x’Pº k´Kvãe ßkP~PZjfÅJr Ckr Kjntr TrJ FmÄ (3) ßp KvãßTr Ûa&x nJwJ~ IJV´Pyr CØm ymJr kr KpKj KjP\r ßvUJmJr CkTre ‰fKrTPrPZj, fÅJr Ckr Kjntr TrJÇ

61. KfKj FT\j KvKãTJr hOÓJ∂ KhP~ mPuPZj ßp KfKj fÅJr KjP\r IJV´Pyr ÆJrJ Ûa&x nJwJr oJiqPo KvãJr hOÓJ∂ xOKÓTPrPZj (IgtJ“,, PVKuPTr oJiqPo KvãJ ßhmJr xo~ ßVKuT ßvUJmJr oPfJ FTA CkJP~ Ûa&x ßvUJPjJ)”

ÍorJV S IJKo IjMk´Jx x’Pº FTaJ kJPbr oJiqPo TîJvaJ kKrYJujJ TrKZuJoÇ IJorJ Ûa&x nJwJ~ TgJmuKZuJo; IJorJ Ûa&x nJwJ~ IjMk´JPxr hOÓJ∂ KhP~KZuJo; ßZPuPoP~rJ Ûa&x nJwJ~ xJzJ KhP~KZPuJ FmÄ fJPhrxÄPãPk ßuUJèKu Ûa&x nJwJ~ KuPUKZPuJÇ PpaJ IJÁpt\jT KZPuJ, ßxaJ ßyJPuJ FA ßp, Ûa&xaJ KT KTÄmJ KTj~, fJ AÄPrK\ßf IJPuJYjJ TrJ \Kzf KZPuJ jJ; kMPrJ IjMvLujaJA Ûa&x nJwJ~ IjMKÔf yP~KZPuJÇ SaJ ßvwymJr kr, Kox oqJT&KT yJffJKu KhP~ TîJvPT muPuj ßp fJPhr FUj Iï TrPf yPm FmÄ fJPhr AÄPrK\PfTgJ muPf yPmÇ TîJvaJ krmftL W≤Jr \Pjq (FmÄ KhPjr mJKT IÄvaJr \PjqS) AÄPrK\ nJwJ~ TJ\ TPrKZPuJÇFmÄ G hMA nJwJr kJgtTq mM Pf fJPhr ßTJPjJ xoxqJ y~KjÇ”19

--------------------------------------19 oqJKgC Kla-Fr \mJjmªL

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62. Ûax nJwJ KjP~ TJP\ \Kzf mqKÜPhr KvãJoNuT xlrèKu oNuqmJj xŒh yPuS, ßxèKu IxñKfkNet, Kmru FmÄ ßxèKuPT G nJwJ x’ZJ©ZJ©LPhr FToJ© IKnùfJr kKrmPft FTaJ CkPnJVq xÄPpJ\j KyPxPmA ßhUPf yPmÇ IqJmJKctj KmvõKmhqJuß~r FuKljPˆJj AjKˆKaCImK˙f FmÄ Ûa&x nJwJ~ xOKÓvLu ßuKUTJ, vLjJ mäqJTyu, FrTo FT\j C“xJyL mqKÜ KpKj G kPh gJTJTJuLj fÅJr ßvw YJr mZVJóJûPur 66Ka FmÄ vyPrr 39Ka Ûáu kKrhvtj TPrPZj Ç fÅJr xlrèKuPf KfKj”

ÍÛa&x nJwJr ßoRKuT TgJmJftJ KvKUP~PZj FmÄ Ûa&x nJwJ~ KuUPf S VJj TrPf ßZPuPoP~Phr C“xJy KhP~KZPujÇ”20

63. FAxm xlr x’Pº vLjJ mäqJTyPur Kj”xPªy IJ˙J gJTJ xPfôS, KfKj, SP~mxJAPar IJTJPr KmjJoNPuq FmÄ jJjJKmi xñKf P\JVJmJr kPã pMKÜ ßhKUP~PZj ßpèKu Ûa&x nJwJr mqmyJr S fJKrl mJzJPf mqmyJr TrJ ßpPf kJrPmÇ FuKljPˆJj KTâJ FTaJ hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm fáPu irJ yP~PZ21Ç FuKljPˆJj SP~mxJAPa Ûa&x nJwJ kJPbr 600-FrS ßmKv SP~mkOÔJ gJTPm FmÄ IjqJjq ßpxm k´KfÔJj Ûa&x xÄÛíKfr xPñ \Kzf, fJPhrS FTaJ fJKuTJ gJTPmÇ

64. Ûa&x nJwJr k´T·èKur \Pjq fyKmPur InJm FmÄ Ûa&x nJwJ x’Pº VPmweJr InJmßT k´J~A FT KmvJu xoxqJ KyPxPm ßhUJPjJ yP~PImhJjTJrL oPj TPrPZj ßp fyKmu S VPmweJr InJßmr TJre KyPxPm Ûa&x nJwJßT ßp To vs≠Jr hOKÓPf ßhUJ y~ fJ CPuäU TrJ ßpPf FA oPjJnJPmr FTaJ hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm, ßVKuT nJwJr \Pjq fyKmu ß\JVJPjJr k∫Jr xPñ Ûa&x nJwJ~ fyKmu ß\JVJmJr CkJP~r kJgtTq ßyP~PZÇ PVKuPTr fyKmu ÛKav FVK\KTCKan KvãJ KmnJßVr oJiqPo xrJxKr ß\JVJPjJ y~ IJr Ûa&x nJwJr fyKmu IJPx ÛKav TJCjKxu-Fr oJiqPoÇ Ppxm k´˜Jm kíJjf KvãJoNuT, fJPhr \Pjq Kv·Kmw~T fyKmßur CØJmj TrJ~ Ûa&x k´T·èKur xoxqJ yPòÇ

65. FA pMKÜS ßhUJPjJ yP~PZ ßp, ßVKuT nJwJr \Pjq, Ûa&x nJwJr fáujJ~ IPjT ßmKv fyKmu ß\JVJPjJ y~Ç hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm muJ pJ~uqJPñJP~\ KrPxJxt ßx≤Jr mZPr oJ© £25,000 kJCP§r oNu IjMhJj kJ~ - FaJ ßVKuPTr G IjMhJPjr ßYP~ IPjT ToÇ

66. Kh xuaJ~Jr ßxJxJAKar xnJkKf, ku FAY Ûa fÅJr \mJjmªLPf Ûa&x uqJPñJP~\ KrPxJxt ßx≤Jßrr \Pjq k´P~J\Pjr To kKroJe fß\JVJmJr TgJS CPuäU TPrPZj FmÄ ÛKav jqJvjJu KcT&vJjJKr IqJPxJKxP~vJj (mftoJPj Ûa&x uqJPñJP~\ KcT&vJjJKr (FxFuKc))-rfyKmPur InJPmr TgJS CPuäU TPrPZjÇ

67. G KmfPTt TÉ ImhJjTJrL Ûa&x-Fr kKrK˙Kfr xPñ ßVKuPTr kKrK˙Kfr fáujJ TrPuS, fyKmu ß\JVJmJr FA IxñKf PVKuT nJwJr\Pjq IkKrKof fyKmu ß\JVJmJr KhPT hOKÓ IJTwte TrPZ jJ (ßVKuT KvãJ~ FUjS ßp xoxqJ yPò fJ FA KrPkJPat ßpojaJ ßhUJPjJyPm), mrÄ Ûa&x nJwJr KYrJYKrf IkptJ¬ fyKmPur TgJA muPZÇ

68. mÉ \mJjmªLPf, Ûa&x nJwJ x’Pº VPmweJ FmÄ FTaJ nJwJfJKfôT IjMvLuj KjmtJy TrJr TgJ ImvqA muJ yP~PZ, fPm fyKmPurInJm FmÄ ˝LTíKfr InJPmr \Pjq fJ I\tj TrJ TKbj yP~ hÅJKzP~PZÇ Ûa&x mqmyJrPT KWPr KmfTt YuPf gJTJr xo~ FA pMKÜßhUJPjJ pJ~ ßp, FAxm oMvKTPur xoJiJj P\JVJmJr \Pjq VPmweJ FmÄ FTaJ nJwJfJKfôT IjMvLuj TrJ IJrS ßmKv èÀfôkNet yP~hÅJKzP~PZÇ PTC ßTC KmvõJx TPrj ßp, ßVKuT” KrnJAaJuJAK\Ä ßVKuT F jqJvjJu IqJPxa (FT \JfL~ xŒh KyPxPm ßVKuTPTkMjÀöLKmf TrJ) - FA jJPor oqJTlJxtj KrPkJat-Fr xJroPotr oPfJ Ûa&x-Fr \PjqS FTaJ KrPkJat ‰fKr TrJ CKYfÇ 22

---------------------------------------20 vLjJ mäqJTyu-Fr \mJjmªL21 vLjJ mäqJTyu-Fr \mJjmªL www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone22 ßVKuT” KrnJAaJuJAK\Ä ßVKuT F jqJvjJu IqJPxa - PxP¡’r 2000

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69. Ûa&x nJwJr xyJ~fJ~ hO| S xMKjKhtÓ xMkJKrv nJPuJnJPm ‰fKr TrJr IJPV, IiqJkT \jPˆJj KmvõJx TPrj ßp,

ÍmftoJPj Kx≠J∂ VýeTJrLrJ VPmweJ S IjqJjq xN© ßgPT ßp kKroJe fgq kJj, fÅJPhr fJr ßYP~ IJrS ßmKv fPgqr hrTJr yPmÇ”23

70. mftoJPj Pp TP~TKa VPmweJ k´T· yJPf ßjS~J yP~PZ, fJPhr oPiq CPuäUPpJVq ßyJPuJ ÛauqJñ, FaJ ˆJKutÄ KmvõKmhqJuP~r ÛKav

KxIJAFuKa-ßf ImK˙fÇ FA k´T·Ka nJwJ KvãJ~ FmÄ mqmyJPr VPmweJr \Pjq FTaJ ßhvmqJkL ImTJbJPoJ ‰fKr TrJ~ \Kzf FmÄ

Fr fyKmu \MKVP~PZ ÛKav yJA~Jr FcáPTvJj lJK§Ä TJCjKxu (Cófr KvãJr fyKmu kKrwh)Ç ÛauqJñ ßp Z~Ka xMKjKhtÓ k´T· CØJmjTPrPZ, fJPhr oPiq FTaJ ßyJPuJ ÍoqJKkÄ Kh uqJPñJP~P\x Im FKcjmrJ” (FKcjmrJr nJwJxoNPyr oJjKY© ‰fKr TrJ) FmÄ Fr hJK~fô KjPòjß\J~JjJ oqJTPkATÇ FKcjmrJr oJiqKoT ÛáPur 12 mZr m~Û ßZPuPoP~rJ G nJwJèKu KT mPu oPj TPr (IJiMKjT KmPhKv, GKfyqoNuT,TKoCKjKa AfqJKh) FmÄ fJrJ ßxèKu \JPj mPu oPj TPr FmÄ fJrJ ßTJgJ~ ßxèKu KvPUPZ, ßpoj, mJKzPf, TKoCKjKaPf, ÛáPu KTÄmJ IjqßTJgJSÇ

71. PpPTJPjJ VPmweJr IÄv KyPxPm FA pMKÜ ßhUJPjJ yP~PZ ßp TPfJ\j Ûa&x nJwJ~ TgJ mPu ßx x’Pº kKrxÄUqJj xÄVý TrPf yPmÇmftoJPj, FToJ© ßp kKrxÄUqJj kJS~J pJ~ fJ ßVKuT x’Pº ; Ûa&x KTÄmJ TKoCKjKa nJwJ x’Pº j~Ç fÅJr \mJjmªLPf, IqJmJKctjKmvõKmhqJuP~r IJAKrv S ÛKav VPmweJ k´KfÔJPjr ÈIPjJrJr KrxJYt ßYAu’ , cJ” cJCKna yxtmsT, 2001 xJPur IJhoxMoJKrPf Ûa&x nJwJPTI∂ntMÜ jJ TrJßT FTaJ yJrJPjJ xMPpJV mPu metjJ TPrPZj FmÄ fÅJr oPf Ûa&xPT ÍFTaJ rJ\QjKfT láamu” KyPxPm mqmyJr TrJ yPò mPuCPuäU TPrPZjÇ TJPT ÍÛa&x” muJ pJPm, ßx x’Pº xoP^JfJr InJm IJPZ mPuS cJ” cJCKna yxtmsT pMKÜ ßhKUP~PZjÇ fÅJr \mJjmªLPfKfKj Ûa&x muJ FmÄ AÄPrK\Pf Ûa&x mqmyJr TrJr kJgtTq x’Pº xPYfj gJTJr k´P~J\jL~fJr TgJ mPuPZj”

Í(ÛKav kJutJPoP≤r) mÉ xhxq FA TgJ oPj TPrj mPu oPj y~ ßp, Ûa&x nJwJ~ hMFTaJ TgJ muPu ßxaJA Ûa&x nJwJ~ TgJ muJ mPu Veq TrJ y~Ç FaJ ßxArTo mqJkJr yPm ßpUJPj ßTC AÄPrK\ßf TgJ muJr xo~ PVKuT nJwJr PˇAP∫ oJg TgJaJ mqmyJr TPrj FmÄ ßVKuT nJwJ~ TgJ muJr hJKm TPrj FmÄ luf G nJwJ mqmyJr TrPZj mPu hJKm TrPmjÇ” 24

72. \mJjmªLèKu ßgPT FaJ ¸Ó yP~PZ ßp, ÍÛa&x” muPf KT ßmJ^J~ ßx x’Pº KTZMaJ KmfTt IJPZÇ xuaJ~Jr ßxJxJAKar xnJkKf KkFAY Ûa, IJPuJTkJf TPr ßpojaJ mPuPZj,

ÍÛa&x nJwJaJ AÄPrK\ nJwJr xPñ FT xJiJre C“kK• FmÄ kÝMr xJiJre TgJr IÄvLhJr mPu CkTJr S hMPntJV, Cn~A ßnJV TPrÇ fJPhr xŒTtaJ, ÛqJK§PjKn~ nJwJèKur oPiqTJr KTÄmJ cJY S \JotJj KTÄmJ uJKfj ßgPT CØNf nJwJèKur xŒPTtr oPfJÇ” 25

73. FA KrPkJPat , FA KmfßTt IJrS Aºj ß\JVJPf KTÄmJ Ûa&x nJwJ KT KhP~ VKbf ßx x’Pº ßTJPjJ KjKhtÓ of k´TJv TrPf YJS~JyPò jJÇ Pp KTZM KTZM oMvKTu ßnJV TrPf yPf kJPr PxèKur Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJr \Pjq KmfTtaJr CPuäU TrJ yP~PZÇ FAKrPkJPatr kPã FaJ muJA pPgÓ yPm ßp, Ûa&x nJwJaJ, IJûKuT S xÄUqJuWM nJwJxoNPyr \Pjq ACPrJkL~ xjPhr IJSfJ~ FTaJnJwJ KyPxPm ˝LTíf yP~PZ FmÄ ACPT xrTJr fJ IjMPoJhj TPrPZÇ

-------------------------------------23 IiqJkT KrYJct \jPˆJj-Fr \mJjmªL24 cJ” cJCKna yxtmsT-Fr \mJjmªL25 xuaJ~Jr ßxJxJAKa-r xnJkKf Kk FAY Ûa-Fr \mJjmªL

12


74. ÈÛa&x’-Fr xÄùJ x’Pº KmKnjú ofJof gJTJ xPfôS, Ûa&x nJwJPT ˝LTíKf ßhS~J, FA nJwJPT mÅJKYP~ rJUJr FmÄ ÛauqJP§rxJÄÛíKfT GKfßyqr xoP^JfJ IJrS mJzJmJr CP¨Pvq ÛáuèKur oPiq FaJPT xÄPpJK\f S IjMßoJhj TrJ IfqJmvqT mPu G\mJjmªLèKuPf oQfTq KZPuJÇ

75. IjMPòh (48)-F ßpojaJ muJ yP~PZ, KvãJ S xÄÛíKf IKmPòhqnJPm xÄpáÜ FmÄ ÛauqJP§r \Pjq FTaJ \JfL~ KgP~aJr gJTJrIgt, Ûa&x nJwJßT xoO≠ yPf ßhmJr FT IfqJmvqT IÄv mPu mÉ ßuJT oPj TPrjÇ TP~TKa \mJjmªLPf CPÆV k´TJv TPr muJyP~PZ ßp, jqJvjJu TJuYJrJu ˆsqJKaK\-ßf (\JfL~ xJÄÛíKfT TotPTRvßu) ÛauqJP§r \Pjq FTaJ \JfL~ KgP~aJr ˙Jkj TrJrk´Kfvs∆Kf gJTJ xPfôS ßxaJ TrJr rJ\QjKfT xKhòJ K˜Kof yP~ pJPòÇ FaJ FT hLWtxN©L k´Kâ~J yP~PZ, fPm, G KgP~aJPrrkKrT·jJ FmÄ ßxaJ YJuM TrJr xo~fJKuTJ x’Pº krJovt ßhmJr \Pjq, ÛKav IJatx TJCjKxu-k´KfKÔf FTaJ Kˆ~JKrÄ V´∆kßT(kKrYJuT ßVJÔL) IJøJj \JjJPjJ yP~PZÇ

76. xJrJÄPv muJ pJ~, ßp \mJjmªLèKu kJS~J KVP~KZPuJ fJPf jJjJKmi xoxqJr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~PZ FmÄ Ûa&x nJwJr˝LTíKf FmÄ ßxaJPT fáPu irJr xoxqJr jJjJj xoJiJßjr k´˜Jm ßhS~J yP~PZÇ FA xoJiJjèKur oPiq IJPZ”

� Ûa&x-Fr \Pjq mKitf fyKmu FmÄ ßxA fyKmu IJxPm xrJxKr ÛKav FVK\KTCKan FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤ ßgPT

� Ûa&x-Fr mqmyJr x’Pº VPmweJ IjMKÔf TPr FmÄ fJrkr FTaJ kKrxÄUqJjoNuT KmPväwe TPr

� YJTKr TrPf gJTJTJuLj KvãTPhr \Pjq IJrS k´KvãPer mqm˙J TrJ FmÄ ÈTK≤KjC~Jx k´PlvJjJu ßcnJuJkPo≤’ (ImqJyf ßkvJhJKr Cjúú~j)-Fr oJiqPo Ûa&x-Fr Ckr ß\Jr ßhS~J

� mÉnJwJmJPh C“xJy ßhS~J FmÄ k´JAoJKr 1 PgPT Ûa&x kzJ S ßuUJ ßvUJPjJ

� ÛáuèKur \Pjq Ûa&x-F IJPrJ ßmKv kJbq ß\JVJPjJ

� ACPrJkL~ xjPhr fífL~ IÄPvr (Part III) IJSfJ~ Ûa&x ßT ˝LTíKf ßhS~J (pKhS FaJ xÄrKãf Kmw~ mPu ˝LTJr TrJyP~PZ)

� FTaJ oJjxŒjú mJjJj jLKf YJuM TrJr x÷JmjJ x’Pº fh∂ TrJ

� Ûa&x nJwJ~ IJrS ßmKv kKroJe ßaKuKnvJj S ßrKcS IjMÔJj ß\JVJPjJ

� ÛauqJP§r FTaJ \JfL~ KgP~aJr k´KfÔJr CP¨Pv TJ\ TPr pJS~J

� ÛKav FVK\KTCKan TftOT âx kJKat V´∆k-Fr jLKfr KmmOKf KmPmYjJ TrJ

77. PoJPar Ckr, FA CPÆV S xoJiJjèKu, IPjT \mJjmªLr k´˜Jm IjMxJPr, FTaJ xoJiJPjAKoKvP~ ßjS~J pJ~, IJr ßxaJ ßyJßuJ FA ßp, FTaJ xMxÄm≠ \JfL~ nJwJ jLKf gJTJ hrTJrÇ FrToFTaJ jLKf YJuM TrJr IJPV k´YMr k´˜áKfoNuT TJ\ TrJ hrTJr mPu ˝LTJr TrJ yPuS, xmPYP~ k´mu ßpof k´TJv TrJ yP~PZ ßxaJ ßyJPuJ FA ßp, FTaJ xojõ~kNet, rLKfVf mqm˙J ßjS~JaJA IJPuJTkJfTrJ xoxqJèKur xmPYP~ nJPuJ xoJiJj yPmÇ

13


PVKuT

78. Ûa&x-Fr fáujJ~ ßVKuT x’Pº To \mJjmªL kJS~J KVP~KZPuJÇ oPj yPò ßp ÛauqJP§ ßVKuTPT ßpnJPm ˝LTíKfßhS~J yP~PZ, ßxnJPm Ûa&x FmÄ TKoCKjKa nJwJèKuPT ˝LTJr TrJ y~Kj mPuA ßmJi TrJ yPòÇ ßVKuPTr oJiqPo KvãJk´mftj yS~J, hM\j ßVKuT kJutJPo≤JKr IKlxJr KjpMÜ yS~J, FmÄ k´fLTiotL KyPxPm, ÛKav kJutJPoP≤ xPïf KY¤˙JkPj, ßVKuPTr kKrK˙Kf, IjqJjq nJwJèKur fáujJ~ ßmv Knjú yP~ hÅJKzP~PZÇ

79. FA TgJèKu muJ yPuS, G \mJjmªLèKuPf UMm ¸Ó TPr FTgJS muJ yP~PZ ßp, Ûa&x S xÄUqJuWM nJwJèKur˝LTíKfhJPj ßVKuPTr ßTJPjJ ãKf TrJ YuPm jJÇ fJr kKrmPft, FA xmèKu nJwJA kJvJkJKv Im˙Jj TrPm FmÄÛauqJP§r nJwJ KyPxPm fJPhr xoJj x•J gJTPmÇ

80. PVKuPTr CjúKfmitPj mÉ TJ\ TrJ yP~PZ mPu ¸Ó ßmJ^J pJPòÇ xJŒsKfT FT Kâ~JTPotr CòJPx, ßVKuT x’Pº oπPTrkrJovthJfJ PVJÔL, 2002 xJPur \Mj oJPx fJPhr KrPkJPatr k´go xMkJKrv KyPxPm KjrJkh x•Jr TgJA mPuKZPuJ FmÄ2002 xJPur jPn’r oJPx ÛKav kJutJPoP≤ ßmxrTJKr xhPxqr ßp KmuaJ ßkv TrJ yPpKZPuJ fJPf Vek´vJxPjr ßãP©UMm xLKof KjrJkh x•J YJS~J yP~PZ - FA Cn~ mqm˙JA ßVKuT nJwJ kMjÀöLmjPT KWPr ßp xoxqJèKu IJPZ ßxèKuPT\jxJiJrPer ßVJYPr IJjPf TJptTr yP~PZÇ fPm, FUjS IJrS TJ\ TrJr hrTJr IJPZ mPu CPÆV \JjJPjJ yP~PZÇ

81. k´KfPmvL ßhvèKu fJPhr GKfyqkNet nJwJèKu rãJr CP¨ßvq Pp mqm˙J ßj~, ßxTgJ KY∂J TrPu, ÛauqJß§r ßVKuT nJwJxJouJPjJr KTZM KTZM WJaKf k´TJv TrPf xJyJpq yPf kJPrÇ

82. SP~u&x-F, 1993 xJPu IJAj ké~j ÆJrJ SP~u&v uqJßñJP~\ ßmJct (nJwJ kKrYJuTPVJÔL) ˙JKkf yP~KZPuJ FmÄ 1996xJPu G ßmJct SP~u&v nJwJr \Pjq FTaJ TotPTRvu QfKr TPrKZßuJÇ FrJ fJrkr ÍF KnvJj IqJ§ KovJj lr 2000-2005” (2000-2005 xJPur \Pjq FTaJ hNrhOKÓ S CP¨vq) k´TJKvf TPrPZ pJPf SP~u&v nJwJ, KÆnJwJmJh FmÄSP~u&v nJwJr oJiqPo KvãJhJj ChqPo ßp lu IK\tf yP~PZ fJr Kmmre ßhS~J IJPZ FmÄ fJPhr IV´JKiTJrxoNy FmÄnKmwqPfr \Pjq fJPhr xo~fJKuTJS mKetf IJPZÇ fJPhr k´mPº, G ßmJct mPuPZ ßp”

ÍnJwJ x’Pº AòJTífnJPm kKrT·jJ jJ TrPu kOKgmLr ßTJPjJ xÄUqJuWM nJwJA KaÅTPf kJrßm jJÇ SP~u&v nJwJr KmPvõr FA k´mefJ TJKaP~ SbJr FTaJ TJre ßyJPuJ nJwJ rãeJPgt kKrT·jJ TrJr \Pjq KmKmi xÄ˙Jr S mqKÜKmPvPwr kÝMr k´PYÓJ FmÄ SP~u&v nJwJr mitoJj x\LmfJ”Ç

83. SP~u&v nJwJ~ KYrJYKrf KvãJ CkTre P\JVJPjJr xPñ xPñ, ÍKxKxu” QfKrPf - KxKxu ßyJPuJ SP~u&v nJwJr mJjJj SmqJTre pJYJA TrJr FTaJ Èxl&aS~Jr’ (TKŒCaJßr TJ\ TrJr APuTaíKjT CkJ~) mqm˙Jèò - KÆnJwJr jTvJ~ KjPhtßvFmÄ SP~u&v nJwJr ÈKxKc-ro’ Cjú~Pj SP~u&v uqJPñJP~\ ßmJßctr kíJj nëKoTJ KZPuJÇ G ßmJct, SP~u&v nJwJr oJiqPoKvãJhJj FmÄ k´JAoJKr, oJiqKoT S Cófr KvãJ FmÄ xJrJ \LmjmqJkL KvãJuJPn fJPhr hNrhOKÓ ˙Jkj TPrPZ FmÄ fJrJPmxrTJKr ßãP© SP~u&v nJwJ mqmyJPrr k´xJrS krLãJ TrPZ pJr lPu YJTKrr xMPpJV mJzPmÇ

14


84. SP~u&x-Fr kKrK˙Kfr xPñ ÛauqJP§ ßVKuT nJwJr kKrK˙Kfr xrJxKr fáujJ TrJ yPuS, FaJ uãq TrJ hrTJr ßp mÉ\mJjmªLPf FTgJ KmvõJx TrJ yPpPZ ßp, PVKuT S Ûa&x-Fr \Pjq TotPTRvu xOKÓ TrJ CKYfÇ ÛauqJP§r \Pjq FTaJnJwJr Kmu, PpaJ ÛauqJP§r kíJj nJwJèKu xJoqfJr KnK•Pf ßhUJ KjKÁf TrPm (FA xÄùJ SP~u&v uqJPñJP~P\ IqJÖ-F(nJwJ IJAPj) SP~u&v S AÄPrK\ nJwJ~ k´PpJ\q KZPuJ) PxaJ y~PfJ FKVP~ pJmJr FTaJ KmÕffr kg yPf kJrPm FmÄßxaJ Ûa&x nJwL FmÄ ßVKuT nJwLPhrS xyJ~fJuJn TrPf kJrPmÇ

85. IJ~JruqJ§ FmÄ IJAKrv ßVKuPTr \Pjq ßp mqm˙J TrJ yP~PZ fJr xPñS fáujJ TrJ yP~PZÇ IJ~JruqJP§ G nJwJPTxyJ~fJ ßhmJr \Pjq x–Wm≠ IJßªJuj TrJ yPuS, FTaJ \mJjmªLPf hOKÓ IJTwte TPr muJ yP~PZ ßp ÛauqJP§ oJ©FTaJ ÊiM-ßVKuT Ûáu IJPZÇ ÛauqJP§ G nJwJr xÄrãe KjKÁf TrJr \Pjq FaJ oPj TrJ yP~KZPuJ ßp k´JT-Ûáu KvãJrxo~ ßp ßZPuPoP~rJ ßVKuPTr xÄ¸Pvt IJPx, fJPhr xÄUqJ pgJx÷m mJzJPf yPm FmÄ FaJ oJiqKoT KvãJPfS k´xJKrfTrPf yPmÇ

86. IqJPT~Jr KuKoPac-Fr jotJ oqJTuJCßcr \mJjmªLPf PVKuPT k´TJvjJr \Pjq IKfKrÜ fyKmPur k´P~J\jL~fJr CkrIJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~KZPuJ pJPf TPr ßVKuTnJwLrJ AÄPrK\nJwLPhr oPfJ FTAnJPm KuKUf v»èKu CkPnJV TrPfkJPrÇ fÅJr pMKÜ ßyJPuJ FA ßp, KuKUf Kmw~m˜á IJrS ßmKv TPr yJPfr TJPZ jJ gJTPu ßVKuT KvãJr mJ˜mJ~j yPm jJÇKfKj ßVKußTr oJiqPo KvãJr hOÓJ∂ ßhUJj FmÄ mPuj ßp ßxUJPj pPgÓxÄUqT mA ßjAÇ FTaJ IJVý\jT pMKÜPf muJy~ ßp, ßTJPjJ KmPvw nJwJ~ ßZPuPoP~Phr KvãJ KhPu ßxA nJwJaJ rãJ TrJ~ xJyJpq yPmÇ

87. Ûa&x nJwJ xŒPTt FmÄ KvãJhJPjr CkTrPer InJm xŒPTt FTArTo CPÆV k´TJv TrJ yP~KZPuJ, pKhS FaJ TrJyP~KZPuJ PTJPjJ IJjMÔJKjT KvãJhJj TJbJPoJ jJ gJTJr k´xPñÇ

88. G nJwJßT IJrS ßmKv hOKÓPVJYPr IJjJr \Pjq kÝMr xogtj ßhUJ pJPòÇ ßVKuT mscTJKˆÄ FjPTJ~JKrr (ßrKcS/KaKnPfkÝJr xŒPTt fh∂) TJPZ FT \mJjmªLPf IqJuJxPc~Jr oKrxj, FoFxKk, mPuPZj ßp,

ÍPVKuT rãeJPmãPe FmÄ fJr KmTJPv ßrKcS/KaKnPf kÝJr YNzJ∂nJPm èÀfôkNetÇ

ßVKuT nJwJ~ IJrS ßmKv oJ©J~ ßmfJrkÝJr yPu ßVKuTnJwL oJjMwPhr FmÄ G nJwJr nKmwqPfr kPã èÀfôkNet xMKmiJ xOKÓ yPmÇ”26

89. PVKuT x’Pº jqJvjJu TJuYJrJu sqJKaK\ (\JfL~ xJÄÛíKfT TotPTRvu) KmfPTtr TJPZ fJPhr IJPVTJr FT \mJjmªLr FT C≠íKf KmKmKx ÛauqJ§ FA fhP∂r PVJYPr FPjKZPuJ”

ÍIJorJ ßpnJPm \LmjpJkj TKr fJ ßoRKUT ßpJVJPpJPVr ãKf TPr kKrmKftf yP~PZ FmÄ IJoJPhr pKh èÀfôxyTJPr ImjKf mº TrPf FmÄ ˙J~L S IgtkNet nJwJ Cjú~ßj kMKÓ ß\JVJPf y~, fJyPu k´KfKÔf ffô FmÄ TotrLKfßT YqJPu† \JjJPfA yPm FmÄ IJoJPhr pMPVr CkpMÜ S TJptTr TotPTRvu CØJmj TrPf yP mÇ”27

-----------------------------------26 ßVKuT mscTJKˆÄ FjPTJ~JKrr \Pjq ßVKuT mscTJKˆÄ x’Pº IqJuJxPc~Jr oKrxßjr k´mº ED/01/22/427 KmKmKx ÛauqJP§r \mJjmªL ßgPT

15


90. IJoJPhr \JfL~ GKfyqxŒjú nJwJèKu xŒPTt mftoJj mqmyJr S oPjJnJm x’Pº FPfJ ßmKv oJjMw CPÆV k´TJv TPrPZ ßpnJwJr Cjú~j FmÄ xyJ~fJ~ FTaJ jfáj S CØJmT\jT mqm˙J UÅMP\ kJS~J hrTJr yP~ kPzPZÇ

91. PVKuT FUjS FT nñMr Im˙J~ IJPZ FmÄ G nJwJPT mÅJYJmJr \Pjq IPjT ßmKv TJ\ TrJ hrTJrÇ PVKuPTr xPñTKoCKjKa nJwJxoNPyr fáujJ TPr FTaJ IJVý\jT pMKÜ ßhUJPjJ yP~KZPuJÇ ÛauqJP§ TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNPyr Cjú~Pj UMmTo TJ\ TrJ yPuS, ßxèKu IjqJjq mÉ ßhPv muJ yP~ gJPT mPu PxèKu ßuJk ßkP~ pJPm jJÇ ÛauqJ§ pKh ßVKuTPT jJmÅJYJ~, fJyPu Ijq ßT fJ TrPm?

92. Gxm \mJjmjhLPf mJrmJr ßpxm k´Pvúr TgJ muJ yP~PZ, fJßhr oPiq IJPZ”

� PVKuT x’Pº jLKfr KmwP~ xMxÄm≠fJr InJmÇ� IJrS xñKf, KmPvw TPr, KvãJhJPjr CkTre kJS~Jr mqm˙J TrJr k´P~J\jÇ� ßVKuPTr oJiqPo KvãJhJPjr k´xJßrr mJxjJÇ

93. Ppxm xoxqJr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~PZ, ßxèKur xmPYP~ nJPuJ xoJiJj TrPf yPu FTaJxojõ~kNet FmÄ kéJuLm≠ mqm˙J ßjS~J hrTJr mPu Ihoq of k´TJv TrJ yP~PZ mPu FAxm CPÆV Sk´˜JKmf xoJiJjèKu FTaJ xMxÄm≠ \JfL~ nJwJjLKfr oJiqPoS xJouJPjJ pJ~Ç

TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy

94. FA KrPkJPatr (17) j’r IjMPòßh ÍxÄUqJuWM” KTÄmJ Í TKoCKjKa” nJwJèKur xÄùJr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~PZ FmÄ ACPrJkL~ xjPhr CPuäU TrJ yP~PZÇ FA \J~VJ~, ÛKav FVK\KTCKan ßp xÄùJ mqmyJr TPrPZ fJ KmPmYjJ TrJ TJptTr yPmÇ95. ÛKav FVK\KTCKan hJKm TrPZ ßp, ßp ÍxÄUqJuWM nJwJxoNy” x’Pº Kj~KofnJPm CPuäU TrJ y~, fJr \Pjq ßTJPjJ

KjKhtÓ xÄùJ ßjAÇ \JfL~ xJÄÛíKfT TotPTRvu xŒPTt, FVK\KTCKan, ÛauqJP§ ßp nJwJèKu mqmÂf y~, fJr xmèKu(KmFxFu xy) G hKuPu CPuäU TrJPf ßYP~KZPuJÇ FVK\KTCKan-Fr hKuuèKu ßpxm nJwJ~ IjNKhf y~ fJr fJKuTJaJ\JjPf kJrJ y~PfJ xJyJpq\jT yPmÇ FèKu ßyJPuJ” ßVKuT, ChtN, kJ†JKm, mJÄuJ, YLjJ S IJmtLÇ

96. Pp \mJjmªLèKu kJS~J ßVPZ, fJr ßgPT xPñ xPñ ßpaJ k´fL~oJj yP~PZ, ßxaJ ßyJPuJ TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy FmÄ Ûa&x-Fr k´Kf kÝKuf oPjJnJßmr KouÇ KvãJKmw~T KmPvwù, KyuJKr oqJTTu-Fr \mJjmªLPf muJ yP~PZ ßp Ijq FTaJnJwJ KvUPu KTÄmJ TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNPyr rãeJPmãPer mqm˙J TrPu AÄPrK\ ßvUJ~ mqJWJf WaPmÇ FaJPf FA iJreJrTgJA IJmJr muJ yP~PZ ßp FTnJwJmJhA ˝LTíf ÍoJj”Ç ÛauqJP§ metxJßoqr \Pjq KvãJPTªs (KxAIJrAFx) KmvõJxTPr ßp, ÍKÆnJwJmJh xoqTnJPm mM Pf kJrJ~ InJm WPaPZÇ” 28

97. Ûa&x nJwJr oPfJ, TKoCKjKa nJwJèKur ßãP©S kKrxÄUqJj fPgqr InJm ßhUJ pJ~Ç \mJjmªLèKuPf mJrmJr ßp TgJaJmuJ yP~PZ fJPyJPuJ FA ßp, ßuJPTrJ TKoCKjKar nJwJ~ TgJ muPu fJPhr KjªJ TrJ y~ IgY KvãJ mqm˙J~ AÄPrK\ZJzJ Ijq ßTJPjJ nJwJr oNuqJ~j FmÄ fJPhr \Pjq ßTJPjJ mqm˙J PjS~J y~ jJÇ

-------------------------------------------28 KxAIJrAFx-Fr \mJjmªL

16


F TgJaJ oPj rJUJ TJP\r yPm ßp, ßp mÉ ßZPuPoP~ ßTJPjJ TKoCKjKa nJwJ~ TgJ mPu, fJrJ TJptf KÆnJwL j~, fJrJ K©nJwL, TJrefJPhr TKoCKjKa nJwJ ZJzJS, fJrJ ßkäV´∆Pk FmÄ ˙JjL~ TKoCKjKaPfS, Ûa&x-Fr FTaJ CknJwJ FmÄ AÄPrK\S muPf kJPrÇfJPhr FA K©nJwJmJh KvãJ mqm˙J~ ImvqA YqJPu† xOKÓ TrPZ, fPm ßxaJPT hNr TrJr oPfJ FTaJ ÍxoxqJ” KyPxPm ßhUJrkKrmPft Cjú~j TrJr oPfJ FTaJ ÍxñKf” KyPxPm ßhUJA IJPrJ TJptTrÇ

98. KyuJKr oqJTTu, xñKf IxLo j~ mPu ˝LTJr TrPuS muPZj ßp ”

Í IJorJ pPfJxÄUqT nJwJr \Pjq kMPrJ mqm˙J ß\JVJPf kJKr fJ x÷mf xLKof yPuS, xm nJwJr oNuqJ~j TrPf ßTJPjJ UrY y~ jJÇ”

99. FTnJwJmJPhr iJreJaJ ImqJyf rJUPu PxaJ TJptf TKoCKjKa nJwJèKu hJKmP~ rJUPZ mPu ßhUJ yPf kJPr FmÄ ßxaJk´TífkPã FTirPjr k´KfÔJjKnK•T ‰mwoq yPf kJPrÇ PTJPjJ xJãr KÆnJwJ xJoßgtq kMKÓ FmÄ C“xJy jJ ß\JVJPu, ßx xñKfIPTß\J yP~ pJPmÇ

100. Ûa&x nJwJr ßãP© ßpojaJ yP~PZ, TP~TKa \mJjmªLPf TKoCKjKa nJwJ~ IJjMÔJKjT KvãJhJßjr WJaKfr k´Pvúr IJPuJYjJTrJ yP~PZÇ mftoJPj ßp mqm˙J IJPZ ßxaJPT IxÄuVú mPu xoJPuJYjJ TrJ yP~PZÇ Fr FTaJ hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm P\Jr KhP~ muJyP~PZ ßp, ÈˆqJ§Jct ßV´Ac’ mqm˙JèKu ÊiM ChtNPf k´xJKrf yP~PZÇ TP~TKa x÷JmjJkNet ˝fπ Chqo gJTPuS, TKoCKjKanJwJ~ mqm˙J ß\JVJPjJ x’Pº xMxÄm≠ jLKfr InJm rP~PZÇ

101. FTaJ \mJjTªLPf TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNßy xyJ~fJ P\JVJPjJßf FKVP~ pJmJr FTaJ kPgr \Pjq FTaJ hNrhOKÓr metjJ ßhS~JyP~PZ”

ÍÛauqJP§ TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNPyr kKrKi FmÄ pJrJ Gxm nJwJ~ TgJ mPu fJßhr ZKzP~ gJTJr TgJ irPu, ÛKav ßVKuPTr oPfJ k´PfqT TKoCKjKa nJwJr \Pjq, YJAPuA IoMT-nJwJr oJiqPo KvãJ ß\JVJPjJ ÛáuèKur TJZ ßgPT kJS~J pJPm mPu iPr ßjS~J xñf yPm jJ……….. fPm, x∂JPjr CkTJPrr \Pjq (Gxm nJwJnJwL TKoCKjKar rãeJPmãe pKh TrPf jJ y~ fJyPu), KmKnjú nJwJnJwL TKoCKjKar ßZPuPoP~rJ pJPf fJPhr TKoCKjKa nJwJr jJVJu kJ~ FmÄ fJPhr rãeJPmãe TrPf kJPr, ßx\Pjq fJPhr xJyJpq TrJr CP¨Pvq jfáj S YoTk´h k∫J UÅMP\ kJS~J èÀfôkNet yPmÇ” 29

102. FKcjmrJ KxKa TJCjKxu mftoJPj TKoCjKa nJwJ TîJPv xyJ~fJ ß\JVJ~ - FèKu x¬JyJP∂ KTÄmJ Ûáu ZMKar kr IjMKÔf y~Ç mftoJPj ßp nJwJèKur TîJPv xyJ~fJ ßhS~J y~, ßxèKu ßyJPuJ YLjJ, ChtN, mJÄuJ, kJ†JKm, IJmtL S lJKxtÇ G xyJ~fJ ßpnJPm ßhS~J y~ ßxaJ ßyJPuJ ÛáuèKuPf S TKoCKjKa ßx≤JrèKuPf (ßTPªs) mJx˙Jj ß\JVJPjJ FmÄ KvãTPhr Pmfj ßhS~JÇ FA TîJvèKuPf k´J~ 500 KvãJgtL \Kzf IJPZÇ103. FKcjmrJ KxKa TJCjKxßur KvãJ KmnJV KmvõJx TPr ßp TKoCKjKa nJwJ TîJßvr k´Kf fJPhr xyJ~fJ, 2000 xJPur

ÛauqJP§r Ûáu IJAPjr KfjKa oJPjr IV´JKiTJßrr xJo†xq KjKÁf TrJr FTaJ CkJ~KmPvwÇ G IJAPjr FA xÄùJ ßhS~JyP~PZ”

---------------------------------29 IiqJkT KrYJct \jPˆJj-Fr \mJjmªL

17


ÍxJoqfJr Cjú~j TrJr \ßjq FmÄ KvãJ ßgPT k´PfqT ZJ©ZJ©LPT CkTíf yPf xJyJpq TrJ~ Ixogt ZJ©ZJ©LPhr FmÄ ... ßVKuT S IjqJjq To-mqmÂf nJwJr k´Kf KmPvw oPjJPpJV ßhS~JÇ” 30

104. FKcjmrJ KxKa TJCjKxu, hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm, YLjJ nJwJ~ IjMPoJhj ßhmJr FTaJ KmT· kPgrS hOÓJ∂ ßhKUP~PZÇ YLjJ nJwJ~ ßTJPjJ KjKhtÓ oJjxŒjú ßVÁc jJ gJTPuS, u§Pjr ÈFßcT&Pxu’ -Fr oJiqPo ZJ©ZJ©LPhr K\KxFxA S ÈF’ PuPnu-Fr krLãJPf mxJPjJ yP~PZÇ FTAnJPm, ChtN nJwJ~, ÈˆqJ§Jct ßVÁc’ PgPT Cófr ßVÁPc SbJr mqm˙J jJ gJTJr \Pjq, ChtN nJwJr ZJ©ZJ©LPhrS FPcTPxu-Fr oJiqPo krLãJ~ mxJPjJ yP~PZÇ105. FAxm IV´VKf ˝LTJr TrJ yPuS, ßpxm \mJjmªL kJS~J ßVPZ fJPf ß\JVJjiJrJr lÅJTèKur Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~PZÇ xm TKoCKjKa nJwJr KvãTPhr xLKof xrmrJy FmÄ TKoCKjKa nJwJ~ pÅJrJ IjVtu TgJ muPf kJPrj fÅJPhr Tot\LmPj xMKmiJ-xMPpJPVr InJmßT hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm ßhUJPjJ yP~PZÇ106. IPjT \mJjmªLPf Ûáu ZMKar kr TîJPvr KTÄmJ WPrJ~J Tot\JPur IJPrJ KmÕf mqm˙Jr IJøJj \JjJPjJ yPuS, kÝKuf iJrJr ÛáuèKuPf TKoCKjKa nJwJ KvãJ YJuM TrJ jJ yPu, KvãJmqm˙JaJA KmnÜ yP~ kzPf kJPr mPu CPÆV k´TJv TrJ yP~KZPuJÇ hOÓJ∂ KyPxPm, FA kKrK˙KfaJ ßxUJPj xOKÓ yPf kJPr ßpUJPj ChOt ÊiM oMxuoJj ÛáPu ßvUJPjJ y~Ç nJwJ

Cjú~Pjr PVJaJ iJreJr KnK• xJoJK\T I∂ntMKÜr Ckr yPf yPmÇ KoKjPˆKr~Ju IqJTvJj V´∆k Aj uqJPñJP~P\x-Fr (nJwJ xŒPTt oπT Kâ~JPVJÔLr) k´TJvjJ, ÍKxKaP\j&x Im F oJKfiKuñM~Ju S~Jutc” –F (mÉnJwL KmPvõr jJVKrTmOª)

PpojaJ muJ yP~PZ”

ÍxÄUqJuWM ‰mKY©q FmÄ xJoJK\T jqJ~KmYJPrr IjMTëu jLKf IjMxJPr, pJrJ PTJPjJ GKfyqkNet KTÄmJ TKoCKjKa nJwJ~ fJPhr hãfJ ImqJyf rJUPf KTÄmJ fJr Cjú~j TrPf YJ~ fJPhr \Pjq nJwJVf Cjú~j KTÄmJ IjMPoJhßjr \Pjq xMPpJV ß\JVJPjJ èÀfôkNet yPmÇ” 31

107. TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNPyr KvãJ~ S xÄÛíKfPf ˝LTíKf jJ gJTJr \Pjq FA CPÆV xOKÓ yP~KZPuJ ßp, Pp ßZPuPoP~Phr k´go nJwJ AÄPrK\ j~, fJrJ fJPhr k´go nJwJ hJKmP~ rJUJr ßYÓJ TrPm pJPf TPr fJPhr ÍIJuJhJ” KyPxPm ßhUJ jJ y~, TJre fJPhr oPjJnJm ßyJPuJ FA ßp fJPhr TKoCKjKa nJwJ AÄPrK\r fáujJ~ yLjfrÇ fJrkr FA pMKÜ ßhUJPjJ y~ ßp, TKoCKjKa nJwJèKur KvãJPT kíJj KvãJk´mJPyr oPiq KjP~ FPu, G nJwJèKur x•Jr CjúKf yPm FmÄ fJr lPu, ßp ßZPuPoP~Phr k´go nJwJ ßTJPjJ TKoCKjKa nJwJ, fJPhr IJ˙J S IKimJPxr ßmJPir CjúKf yPmÇ108. Ûa&x S ßVKuT x’Pº IJPVTJr \mJjmªLPf ßpojaJ muJ yP~PZ, PfoKj TKoCKjKa nJwJ x’Pº PpèKu kJS~J ßVPZ, ßxèKur IPjTèKuPf

FTaJ xMxÄm≠ nJwJ jLKfr k´P~J\ßjr KhPT hOKÓ IJTwte TrJ yP~PZÇ FKcjmrJ KmvõKmhqJuP~r KvãJ VPmweJ KmnJPVr kíJj FmÄ CitfjKvãT. \j uqJ§j, ÛauqJP§ metxJPoqr \Pjq KvãJPTßªsr (KxAIJrAFx) kPã ßuUJr xo~ mPuj Pp”

ÍPp ßpRg jLKfPf PVKuT, IJiMKjT ACPrJkL~ nJwJxoNy, Ûa&x, \JKfVf xÄUqJuWM TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy FmÄ KmFxFu- Fr oPiq xŒTt ßhUJ pJ~ FmÄ FTaJ mÉnJwL S mÉ-xJÄÛíKfT xoJ\ KyPxPm ÛauqJP§r xÄùJ~ fJPhr ImhJj ßhUJ pJ~, fJr InJm ßhUJ ßVPZÇ ÛauqJP§r \Pjq FTaJ nJwJjLKfr (IPˆsKu~J S hKãe IJKl∑TJ ßhUMj) KmTJPvr oJiqPoA ChqPor xÄPpJ\j xmPYP~ nJPuJnJPm IK\tf y~ - FaJ ÛauqJP§r nJwJèKur KmTJPvr \Pjq FmÄ KvãJ, ˙JjL~ xrTJr FmÄ IjqJjq xrTJKr ßãP© fJPhr ß\JVJPjr \Pjq FT xJiJre TJbJPoJ k´KfÔJ TPrÇ” 32

---------------------------------------------30 KxKa Im FKcjmrJ TJCjKxu, KckJatPo≤ Im FcáPTvJPjr \mJjmªL31 ÛKav FVK\KTCKan” ÍKxKaP\j&x Im F oJKfiKuñM~Ju S~Jutc”32 KxAIJrAFx-Fr kPã \j uqJ§j-Fr \mJjmªLÇ

18


109. xJrJÄPv FTgJ muJ pJ~ ßp, ßpxm \mJjmªL kJS~J PVPZ, fJr ßgPT FèKu TrJ èÀfôkNet mPu oPj yP~PZ”� KÆnJwJmJh S mÉnJwJmJßhr iJreJr Cjú~j TrJÇ� KxKkKc k´KvãPer oJiqPo KvãTPhr k´Kvãe FmÄ TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy x’Pº k´JgKoT KvãT KvãJ ß\JVJPjJÇ� PuJPTrJ pJPf fJPhr TKoCKjKa nJwJr jJVJu ßkPf FmÄ fJr rãeJPmãe TrPf kJPr fJr CkJ~ CØJmj TrJÇ� ßuJPTrJ pJPf fJPhr nJwJ S xÄÛíKfr k´YMr jJVJu ßkPf kJPr fJ KjKÁf TrJÇ

110. Ppxm xoxqJr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~PZ, ßxèKur xmPYP~ nJPuJ xoJiJj TrPf yPu FTaJ xojõ~kNet FmÄ k´eJuLm≠ mqm˙J ßjS~J hrTJr mPu Ihoq of k´TJv TrJ yP~PZ mPu FAxm CPÆV S k´˜JKmf xoJiJjèKu IJmJr FTaJ xMxÄm≠ \JfL~ nJwJjLKfr oJiqPo xJouJPjJ pJ~

KmsKav xPïf nJwJ (KmFxFu)

111. pÅJrJ TKoCKjKa nJwJ~ TJ\ TPrj, fÅJPhr TJPZ xJoJK\T I∂ntMKÜ oyJj IgtkNet FmÄ PxaJ KjP~ ßp CPÆV rP~PZ ßxaJS, pÅJrJKmFxFu-Fr IJPrJ nJßuJ ˝LTíKfr krJovt ßhj, fÅJPhr TJPZS KmPvw èÀfôkNetÇ

112. FKcjmrJ KmvõKmhqJuP~r cJ” ßo~JKr ßmsjJj, mKirfJ x’Pº âx-kJKat V´∆k-Fr TJPZ ÍÛauqJP§ mKirPhr KvãJ~ mftoJjk´vúxoNy” -jJoT fÅJr k´mPº mPuj”

ÍmKir KvãJr oPiq nJwJ x’Pº IJoJPhr FT I∂ntMKÜoNuT mqm˙J ßjS~J hrTJr” Fr oJPj yPm FA ßp, mKir xŒshJP~r nJwJ, KmsKav xJAj uqJPñJP~\ (KmFxFu) FmÄ ßZPuPoP~ßhr TKoCKjKar KnfPrr Tgq/KuKUf nJwJ I∂ntMÜ TrJÇ Fr oJPjJ ßyJßuJ k´JxKñT Cn~ - KTÄmJ xm - nJwJèKur k´Kf FT AKfmJYT oPjJnJm gJTJÇ

mKir ZJ©ZJ©LPhr fJPhr kZªoPfJ nJwJ~ KvãJr jJVJu kJmJr IKiTJr IJPZ - FmÄ FrTo kZª TrJr KnK• gJTJrS IKiTJr IJPZ (IgtJ“, KmFxFu-Fr jJVJu kJmJr \Pjq ßZPuPoP~Phr xJf mZr KTÄmJ hv mZr IgmJ ßwJPuJ mZr m~x yS~J jJ kpt∂ fJPhr KmFxFu-Fr jJVJu ßkPf jJ ßhS~J oJPjJ ßyJPuJ fJPhr kZª TrPf KhPf I˝LTJr TrJ)Ç 33 KmFxFu-Fr unqfJr CjúKf yP~PZ mPu ˝LTJr TrJ yPuS, CkTrPer ˝·fJ, IJjMÔJKjT KvãJ mqm˙Jr ˝LTíKfr InJm FmÄ xñKfr InJm x’Pº FUjS CPÆV rP~PZÇ”

113. cJ” ßo~JKr ßmsjJj muPZj Pp mKir ßZPuPoP~Phr kJbâPor xmèKur jJVJu kJS~J CKYf, ÊiM mJZJA TrJ Kmw~èKuPf j~Ç xŒsKf, ÍFcáPTvJj (KcxFKmKuKa sqJKaK\x IqJ§ KkCKku&x FcáPTvJjJu ßrTctx ) (ÛauqJ§) (KvãJ - IxJogtq TotPTRvu FmÄ ZJ©ZJ©LPhr KvãJxŒKTtf jKg - ÛauqJ§) jJPo ßp IJAj kJv yP~PZ, PxaJ, xm KvãJ ß\JVJjhJrrJ ßp jJVJu kJmJr FTaJ TotPTRvu ‰fKr TrßZ, fJ KjKÁf TrPm FmÄ KTZM KTZM xoxqJr xoJiJj TrPf xogt yPmÇ fPm, cJ” ßo~JKr ßmsjJj FaJS YJj ßp KmFxFu FmÄ mKirPhr ßuUJkzJ, fJPhr Kj\˝ IKiTJr KyPxPm kJbqKmw~ mPu I∂ntMÜ TrPf yPmÇ FaJ ßp G IJAPj I∂ntMÜ gJTPm fJr ßTJPjJ oJPj ßjAÇ---------------------------------------

33 TJPr≤ AxMx CAKhj ßcl FcáPTvJj Aj ÛauqJ§ - cJ” ßo~JKr ßmsjJj, ACKjnJKxtKa Im FKcjmrJ

19


114. IJr ßp KmwP~ CPÆV xOKÓ yP~KZPuJ, PxaJ KZPuJ FA ßp, mKir ßZPuPoP~Phr KmFxFu mqmyJr TrJr mqm˙J TPr KhPuS,IJjMÔJKjT KvãJ mqm˙J~, vsmevKÜxŒjú ZJ©ZJ©LrJ ßxaJPT IJAjKx≠ kzJPvJjJr Kmw~ mPu ˝LTJr TPr jJÇ34 FaJPTFTaJ yJrJPjJ xMPpJV mPu oPj TrJ y~, KmPvw TPr pUj ßhPv xPïfnJwLPhr WJaKf rP~PZÇ FT k´˜JPm muJ yP~PZ ßp,IjqJjq TKoCKjKa nJwJr oPfJ, KmFxFu-ßT kíJj KvãJiJrJr oPiq ßdJTJPjJ FmÄ KmPvw KvãJVf k´P~J\j ßgPT mJr TPrIJjJ CKYfÇ FaJ Tuï hNr TrJr kPg KTZMaJ FKVP~ pJPm FmÄ KmKnjú nJwJ ßvUJ ßgPT ßZPuPoP~Phr CkTíf yPf ßhPmÇFaJ \JjJ C“xJy\jT ßp, ßTJPjJ ßTJPjJ k´JgKoT ÛáPu, fJPhr xJiJre nJwJ KvãJr IÄv KyPxPm xm ßZPuPoP~PhrKmFxFu-Fr ßoRKuT KvãJ ßhS~J y~Ç FaJ oJjMPwr xPñ oJjMPwr ßpJVJPpJPVr CkJ~ KyPxPm nJwJ x’Pº ßZPuPoP~PhrIJrS xPYfj yPf ÊiM xJyJpq TPr mPuA j~, FPf xJoJK\T I∂ntMKÜPf Chqo ß\JVJPjJ y~ mPuS FaJ CkTJrL y~Ç

115. \mJjmªLèKu ßgPT ßp k´mu kńJmvJuL mJeL kJS~J ßVPZ fJPyJPuJ”

� ÛáPu KmFxFu-Fr nëKoTJr kMjKmtPmYjJ ImvqA KmPmYjJ TrPf yPmÇ

116. Ppxm xoxqJr Ckr IJPuJTkJf TrJ yP~PZ, ßxèKur xmPYP~ nJPuJ xoJiJj TrPf yPu FTaJ xojõ~kNet FmÄ kéJuLm≠ mqm˙J ßjS~J hrTJr mPu Ihoq of k´TJv TrJ yP~PZ mPu FèKu IJmJr FTaJ xMxÄm≠ \JfL~ nJwJjLKfr oJiqPo xJouJPjJ pJ~

xMkJKrvxoNy

117. Ûa&x, ßVKuT, TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy S KmFxFu-Fr xMkJKrvxoNßyr xJrJÄv FnJPm ßhS~J pJ~”

118. FTnJwJmJPhr kKrmPft KÆnJwJmJh S mÉnJwJmJPh Chqo ß\JVJPf yPm FmÄ FrTo mqm˙Jr mMK≠Vf S IgtQjKfT CkTJr FmÄ FTaJ IKiTfr KmKY© S I∂ntMKÜoNuT xoJP\r CkTJr xOKÓr CkTJr ˝LTJr TrJÇ YLPjr oPfJ ßpxm ßhv AÄPrK\nJwL j~, IgtQjKfT vKÜßTªs PxAxm \J~VJ~ xPr pJPò mPu mÉnJwJmJh âov ßmKv TPr èÀfôkNet yP~ hÅJzJPmÇ KmvõJ~j, \jxÄUqJr YuJYu, k´pMKÜr Kmkäm FmÄ fgJTKgf Èjfáj mJ\JPrr’ CØm ymJr oJPj ßyJPuJ, ßZJa ßZJa ßhvèKur, CkpMÜ mJ\JPr UJk UJAP~ PjmJr oPfJ hãfJr CØm TrPfA yPm - FmÄ Fr FTaJ mPzJ IÄv ßyJPuJ nJwJÇ

119. Ppxm Chqo Ûa&x, ßVKuT, TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy S KmFxFu-Fr rãeJPmãPer CjúKf TrPm fJPf fyKmu mJzJPjJ, pJr lPu ÛauqJP§r KmKmi nJwJr x•J Qmi yPf xJyJpq TrPmÇ 35

120. ÛauqJP§r nJwJèKu x’Pº KvãTPhr Totrf Im˙J~ IJrS k´Kvãe ß\JVJPjJ FmÄ FA Kmw~aJ KvãTPhr k´JgKoT KvãJ S ImqJyf PkvJhJr KmTJßvr IÄv yS~J KjKÁf TrJÇ

121. Cjúf KvãT k´Kvãßer kKrkNrT KyPxPm ÛauqJP§r KmKmi nJwJ~ IJrS ßmKv CkJhJPj jJVJu ß\JVJPjJÇ---------------------------------34 FaJ ImvqA uãq TrPf yPm ßp pJPhr TJPj ßvJjJ~ IxMKmiJ IJPZ, fJrJ xmJA KmFxFu TqmyJr TPr jJÇ35 Ko” msJ~Jj o≤Lg 119 IjMPòh x’Pº fÅJr ofJQjTq FA TJrPe ßkv TPrj ßp, G IjMPòPh fyKmu mJzJPjJr k´Kfvs∆Kf I∂ntMÜ IJPZÇ

20


Kx≠J∂xoNy

122. Ûa&x, ßVKuT, TKoCKjKa nJwJxoNy FmÄ KmFxFu-Fr Kx≠úJ∂èKu ßyJPuJ”

� FA KrPkJPat FA Kx≠J∂ ßjS~J yP~PZ ßp, ÛauqJP§r nJwJèKu FmÄ KvãJ S xÄÛíKfPffJPhr ˙JjßT KWPr ßp mÉ k´vú S CPÆV rP~PZ, PxèKur pgJpg xoJiJj FToJ© FTaJI∂ntMKÜxŒjú S xMxÄm≠ nJwJjLKf xOKÓ TPrA TrJ pJPmÇ

� FTaJ xP∂Jw\jT jLKfr CØm KjKÁf TrPf yPu, k´PfqT nJwJr xMKjKhtÓ k´P~J\j x’PºmftoJPj ßp kKroJe fgq kJS~J pJ~, fJr ßYP~ IPjT ßmKv fgq ß\JVJz TrJr CP¨Pvqk´YMr kKroJe VPmweJ, IJPuJYjJ S Umr ß\JVJPjJ KjmtJy TrJr hrTJr yPmÇ

21

KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa, KÆfL~ KrPkJat 2003

Ppxm xNP©r C≠íKf ßjS~J yP~PZ fJPhr fJKuTJ

� ÛKav FVK\KTCKan” KoKjPˆKr~Ju IqJTvJj V´∆k Ij uqJPñJP~P\x (2000) KxKaP\j&x Im F oJKfiKuñM~Ju S~Jutc; aqJTKaTJ xKuCvJj&x

� uJKjtÄ IqJ§ aLKYÄ ÛauqJ§ (2000) FcáPTvJj lr KxKaP\jKvk Aj ÛauqJ§ - F ßkkJr lrKcxTJvJj IqJ§ TjxJuPavJj

� PxPrx (1999) mJAKuñM~JKu\&o, TKoCKjKa uqJPñJP~P\x IqJ§ ÛKav FcáPTvJj” F YqJPu† lr kKuKx ßoTJxt IqJ§ k´JTKavJjJxt Aj F ßcnJuJk&c ÛauqJ§; oßr yJCx, ACKjnJKxtKa Im FKcjmrJ� TKovj lr ßrKv~Ju APTJ~JKuKa (2001) Kh ß\jJrJu KcCKa aá ßk´JPoJa ßrKv~Ju APTJ~JKuKa VJAcqJ¿ lr kJmKuT IgKrKa\ Ij ßh~Jr Im&KuPVvJj&x IJ§Jr Kh ßrAx KrPuvJj&x (IqJPo§Po≤) IqJÖ 2000; Pmuo≤ ßk´x

� ÛKav FVK\KTCKan (2000) KâP~KaÄ IJS~Jr KlCYJr ” oJAK§Ä IJS~Jr kJˆ, Kh jqJvjJu TJuYJrJu ˆsqJKaK\ ; aqJTKaTJ xKuCvJj&x

• ÛKav TjxJuPaKan TJCjKxu Ij Kh TJKrKTCuJo (1999) Kh Ûáu TJKrKTCuJo IqJ§ Kh TJuYJr Im ÛauqJ§- F ßkkJr lr KcxTJvJj IqJ§ TjxJuPavJj� Kh ÛKav IKlx FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤ (1991) TJKrKTCuJo IqJ§ IqJPxxPo≤ Aj ÛauqJ§, jqJvjJu VJAcuJAj&x AÄKuv uqJPñJP~\ 5-14� Kh ÛKav IKlx FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤ (1993) TJKrKTCuJo IqJ§ IqJPxxPo≤ Aj ÛauqJ§, jqJvjJu VJAcuJAj&x ßVKuT 5-14� ÛKav FVK\KTCKan FcáPTvJj KckJatPo≤ (1999) Kh IqJPaAjPo≤x Im KkCKku&x KrKxKnÄ ßVKuT-KoKc~Jo k´JAoJKr FcáPTvJj Aj ÛauqJ§; ÛKav KxIJAFuKa; ACKjnJKxtKa Im ˆJKutÄ

� TKovj lr ßrKv~Ju APTJ~JKuKa Aj ÛauqJ§ (2000) IqJjM~Ju KrPkJat� TJCjKxu Im ACPrJk (1992) ACPrJkL~Jj YJatJr lr KrK\SjJu Ir oJAjKrKa uqJPñJP~P\x ; ACPrJkL~Jj asLKa KxKr\ - jÄ 148

� âqJcu, Kc (1998) CAu AÄKuv Km FjJl? u§j” jJKlfl uqJPñJP~\ AjPTJ~JKr

� PuJKm~JPïJ, ß\ Fu (2001) uqJPñJP~\ IqJ§ KuaJPrKx kKuKx Aj ÛauqJ§ � SP~u&v uqJPñJP~\ ßmJct (2000) F KnvJj IqJ§ KovJj lr 2000-2005

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Saif S Shah

Saif S Shah

Saif S Shah

m m

m m

m m

m m

m m

m m

c000065

ISBN 0-33-840828-2

9 780338 408280

KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa k´go KrPkJat, 2003 · SP Paper 778 (Bengali) £6.70 Session 1...

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Transcript of KvãJ, xÄÛíKf S âLzJ TKoKa k´go KrPkJat, 2003 · SP Paper 778 (Bengali) £6.70 Session 1...