Kuliah Pakar Tl Jalan Nafas
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TATA LAKSANA JALAN NAPAS
(AIRWAY MANAGEMENT)
dr. Djumhana, Sp.An.
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hidung mulut nasofaring orofaring laringofaring
ANATOMI JALAN NAPAS
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SUMBATAN JALAN NAFAS
Tanda2 sumbatan jalan napas :Stridor (mendengkur, snoring)Nafas cuping hidungRetraksi trakeaRetraksi torakUdara ekspirasi tak terasa
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OBSTRUKSI JALAN NAPAS OLEH LIDAH
Anest, terlentang tonus otot hilang sumbatan lidah Anest ringan nyeri/rangs sekret spasme (kejang) laring
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Tata laksana sumbatan jalan napas1. Manuver tripel jalan nafas - Kepala ekstensi pd sendi atlanto-oksipital - Mandibula didorong ke depan pd angulus mandibula - Mulut dibuka2. Pemasangan jalan nafas faring (oro/naso-faring) Jalan nafas orofaring = Guedel.3. Pemasangan sungkup muka 4. Pemasangan sungkup laring5. Pemasangan pipa trakea
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Tata laksana sumbatan jalan napas
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SPASME (KEJANG) LARINGTerapi : - Manuver tripel jalan nafas - Ventilasi + ----- 02 100% (+ pelumpuh otot suksinil 0,5 mg/kbBB)
Tata laksana sumbatan jalan napas
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memasukan pipa khusus ke dalam trakea shg jalan nafas bebas hambatan dan nafas mudah dikendalikan melalui rima glotis, ujung pipa di pertengahan trakea, antara
pita suara dan bifurkasio trakeaTujuan intubasi trakea:- Permudah pemberian anestesia- Pertahankan jalan nafas tetap bebas- Cegah aspirasi dan regurgitasi- Permudah ventilasi dan oksigenisasi- Permudah pengisapan sekret trakeo bronkial
PEMASANGAN PIPA TRAKEA ( = Intubasi trakea )
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LARINGOSKOPI
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PASIEN TERINTUBASI
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Pipa trakea dimasukkan melalui mulut/hidung, dg alat laringoskopi, yaitu alat utk melihat langsung laringUkuran pipa trakea sesuai dg umur Dewasa : antara (±) 7,0 G - 7,5 G - 8,0 G
KESULITAN INTUBASILeher pendek, berototMandibula menonjolMaksila/gigi depan menonjolUvula tidak terlihat (Mallampati 3/4)Gerak sendi temporo-mandibular terbatasGerak vert servikal terbatas
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Klasifikasi tampakan laring menurut Mallampati:
Gradasi Pilar faring Uvula Palatum molle 1 + + + 2 -- + + 3 -- -- + 4 -- -- --
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KLASIFIKASI MALLAMPATI
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EKSTUBASI
pencabutan pipa trakea Rongga mulut, laring, faring dibersihkan Nafas sudah spontan dan adekuat Bisa dilakukan pada anestesia ringan atau pasien sudah
sadar penuh
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MESIN & ALAT ANESTESIA
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Mesin anestesia (mesin gas) : alat utk menyalurkan gas /campuran gas anestetik rangkaian sirkuit anest pasien buang
Komponan dasar :1. Sumber O2, N2O dan udara tekan2. Alat pantau tekanan gas3. Katup penurun tekanan gas4. Meter aliran gas5. Penguap obat anestetika cair (Vaporizer)6. Lubang keluar campuran gas7. Kendali oksigen darurat (Oksigen flush control)
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SIRKUIT ANESTESIA - penghantar uap anetetika/O2 dari mesin ke pasien - pembuang CO2 ----- - dorong dg aliran gas segar - isap dg kapur soda /
baralime
Komponen sirkuit anestesia :1. Sungkup muka,sungkup laring atau pipa trakea2. Katup ekspirasi3. Pipa ombak, pipa cadang4. Kantong cadang5. Tempat masuk campuran gas anestetika dan O2
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VENTILATOR
alat penghasil tekanan positif secara ritmik utk mengembangkan paru selama ventilasi artifisial
Perlengkapan :Pengukur tekananPembatas tekananPengaman (alarm) tekanan tinggi dan rendahPengukur volum paru (spirometer)
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VENTILATOR & VENTILASI MEKANIK
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SELAMAT BELAJAR…