Mahdollisuuudet korjausrakentamisen rahoituksessa (Markku Aho)
kpd;dOj;jk; - E-thaksalawa · 2019. 6. 6. · juk; - 12, 13 njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; -...
Transcript of kpd;dOj;jk; - E-thaksalawa · 2019. 6. 6. · juk; - 12, 13 njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; -...
ngsjpftpay;
kpd;dOj;jk;
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
NjHr;rp : 6.0 kpd;Gyj; jj;Jtq;fisAk; tpjpfisAk; gaDWjp cilajhf md;whl NtiyfspYk; tpQ;Qhd NtiyfspYk; gad;gLj;JthH.
NjHr;rp kl;lk; : 6.3 kpd;Gyj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;l Vw;wnkhd;wpy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; mOj;j rf;jpia mstpLthH.
6.3.1 - kpd;dOj;jk; (V)
kpd;Gynkhd;wpy; NtW Vw;wq;fs; nfhz;L tug;gLfpd;w NghJ mtw;wpy; kpd;tpir njhopw;gLk; vdNt Vw;wq;fis nfhz;L tUk; NghJ Ntiy nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
,t; Ntiyapdhy; kpd;dOj;jk;> kpd;dOj;j NtWghL vd;gd msf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt kpd;dOj;jk;> kpd;dOj;j NtWghL vd;gd vz;zpf; fzpaq;fshFk;.
k pd ; Gynkhd ;w py ; Vjha pDk ; xU Gs ;s pa py ; k pd ;dOj ;jkhdJ KbtpypapypUe;J mg; Gs;spf;F Nrhjid Neu; Vw;wk; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; NghJ nra;ag;gl;l NtiyapypUe;J xU $Nyhk; Neu; Vw;wj;jpw;Fupa Ntiy fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,JNt mg;Gs;spapy; kpd;dOj;jk; vdg;gLk;. (,t;Ntw;wk; Mu;KLfypd;wpf; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; NghJ ntsp tpirahy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy MFk;.)
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
Note : -
wk;Vw;
Ntiy jk;dOj;kpd;
Q
WV
W = Q V
kpd;dOj;jj;jpd; SI myF V (≡JC-1)
Vw;wk;
C
kpd;dOj;jk;
JC-1
Ntiy
J
1 1 1
1 V V
Q 1 Q
Q V QV W
Vw;wnkhd;wpypUe;J Kbtpyp J}uj;jpy; kpd;dOj;jk; G+r;rpakhFk;.
kpd;dOj;jk; kiwg; ngWkhdj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
Gs;sp Vw;wk; Q ,ypUe;J r J}uj;jpy; kpd;dOj;jk; Jzpjy;
r
1V
r
Q
4
1V
0
KbtpypapypUe;J Nrhjid Neu; Vw;wk; δQ Mu;KLfypd;wp
nfhz;Ltug;gLk; NghJ ntsp tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l
NtiyapypUe;J 1C Neu; Vw;wj;jpw;Fupa Ntiy
fzpf;fg;gl;l ,t; Ntiy vd epWtyhk;.
r
Q
4
1V
0
P
Q
r
δQ
α
r
Q
4
1V
0
V
r + Q
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
gy Gs;sp Vw;wq;fspd; gadhf VjhapDk; xU Gs;spapy; kpd;dOj;jk; Jzpjy;.
Gs;sp P apy; xt;nthU Vw;wj;jpdhYk; Vw;gLk; kpd;dOj;jk; fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Q1 Vw;wj;jpdhy; Gs;sp P apy; Vw;gLk; kpd;dOj;jk; =
Q3 Vw;wj;jpdhy; Gs;sp P apy; Vw;gLk; kpd;dOj;jk; =
Q2 Vw;wj;jpdhy; Gs;sp P apy; Vw;gLk; kpd;dOj;jk; =
1
1
0 r
Q
4
1
2
2
0 r
Q)(
4
1
3
3
0 r
Q
4
1
1
1
0 r
Q
4
1V
2
2
0 r
Q)(
4
1
3
3
0 r
Q
4
1
Gs;sp P apy; kpd;dOj;jk;
P
Q1
r1
(-)Q2
r2
Q3
r3
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
Note : -
Note : -
Vw;wj;jpd; FwpahdJ kpd;dOj;jk; fzpf;Fk; rkd;ghl;by; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLjy; rpwe;jJ.
kpd;tpir fhg;G tpirahFk;.
,t;tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gLk; Ntiy mOj;jrf;jpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wkhFk;.
,t;tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy ghijapy; jq;fpapUg;gjpy;iy.
%ba ghij topNa Vw;wk; xd;W kpd;Gyj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpd;w NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy G+r;rpakhFk;.
+Q +Q
+Q
-Q
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
Note : -
kpd;tpirf;nfjpuhf Ntiy nra;ag;gLk; NghJ mOj;jrf;jp mjpfupf;Fk;.
kpd;tpirahy; Ntiy nra;ag;gLk; NghJ mOj;jrf;jp FiwAk;.
Gs;sp A apypUe;J kPz;Lk; Gs;sp A apw;F Vw;wk; xd;W nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l NghJ kpd;tpirahy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy G+r;rpakhFk;. A
B
kpd;Gyj;jpy; A apypUe;J B apw;F
ghijfs; ①> ②> ③ ,d; topNa
nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiyfs; rkdhFk;.
A
B
①
②
③
A B C
D E
∆l
∆l2
∆x
∆y
∆l1 Path-1
Path-2
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l Nfhsf;flj;jpapdhy; Vw;gLk; kpd;dOj;jk; Jzpjy;.
r
Q
4
1V
0
R
Q
4
1V
0
r > R
ntspg;Gs;sp
ikaj;jpypUe;J r J}uj;jpYs;s Gs;sp P apy; kpd;dOj;jk; Jzpjy;.
rkr;rPuhf Vw;wk; gutpAs;sjhy; Vw;wk; KOtJk; Nfhsj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; nghjpe;Js;sjhf fUjyhk;.
vdNt Gs;sp Vw;wk; Q fhuzkhf r J}uj;jpy; kpd;dOj;jj;ijg; Nghd;wJ.
Vw;wk; KOtJk; Nfhsj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; nghjpe;Js;sjhff; fUjyhk;.
vdNt Gs;sp Vw;wk; Q fhuzkhf R J}uj;jpy; kpd;dOj;jk; Nghd;wJ.
r = R
Nkw;gug;Gg;Gs;sp
Nfhsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpYs;s Gs;sp xd;wpd; kpd;dOj;jk; Jzpjy;.
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
R O
P
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
Q P
R
≡ P Q r
≡ P Q R
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
r
1V
R
Q
4
1V
0
V
r r
r < R
cl;Gs;sp
Nfhsj;jpd; cl;Gs;spapy; kpd;dOj;jk; Jzpjy;.
kpd;dOj;jkhdJ KbtpypapypUe;J Gs;sp P apw;F xU $Nyhk; NeNuw;wk; nfhz;L tug;gLk; NghJ nra;ag;gl;l NtiyahFk;.
Mdhy; ,t; Ntiyia ,uz;L gFjpfshff; fUjyhk;.
KbtpypapypUe;J Nfhsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpw;F 1 $Nyhk; Vw;wj;ij nfhz;L tUk;
NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy (W1)>
kw;iwaJ Nkw;gug;G Gs;spapypUe;J Gs;sp P apw;F 1 $Nyhk; Vw;wj;ij nfhz;L
nry;Yk; NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy (W2).
Mdhy; W2 = 0 Vnddpy; Nfhsj;jpd; cl;gFjpapy; kpd;Gyr;nrwpT G+r;rpak;. vdNt Nfhsj;jpd; cl;gFjpapypUf;Fk; NghJ Vw;wj;jpy; kpd;tpir njhopw;glhJ.
cl;Gs;spapYs;s mOj;jk; = Nkw;gug;G Gs;spapYs;s mOj;jk;
Gs;sp P apw;F KbtpypapypUe;J
1C Neu; Vw;wj;ij nfhz;L tUk; NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy
1C Neu; Vw;wj;ij KbtpypapypUe;J Nfhsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpw;F nfhz;L tUk; NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy.
=
cl;Gs;spapy; kpd;dOj;jk;
R
Q
4
1V
0
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
r P
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
Note : -
r
Q4
1
v 0
R
Q4
1
v 0
cl;Gs;sp> Nkw;gug;G Gs;spfspy; kpd;dOj;jk; fzpg;gjw;F
Miuahy; (R) gpupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ntspg; Gs;spahapd; ikaj;jpypUe;jhd J}uj;jhy; (r)
gpupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l flj;jpapd; mOj;jk; jq;fpAs;s fhuzpfs;.
kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l flj;jpapd; mOj;jk; gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; jq;fpAs;sJ.
flj;jpapy; cs;s Vw;wk; Vw;wk; mjpfupf;f flj;jpapd; mOj;jk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
flj;jpapd; gUkd; flj;jpapd; gUkd; mjpfupf;f mOj;jk; FiwAk;.
flj;jpia R+oTs;s Clfk;
flj;jpia R+oTs;s flj;jpfspy; rpwg;ghf Gtpf;F ,izf;fg;gl;l flj;jpfspy; flj;jpapd; mOj;jk; jq;fpAs;sJ.
Clfj;jpd; mjpfupf;f mOj;jk; FiwAk;.
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
gapw;rp - 01
,yj;jpudhdJ cau; mOj;jj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;j mOj;jj;jpw;F (jhdhf) nry;Ykh ? my;yJ Fiwe;j mOj;jj;jpypUe;J $ba mOj;jj;jpw;F (jhdhf) nry;Ykh ?
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kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l flj;jpapYs;s nkhj;j Vw;wj;ijAk; fhtyplg;gl;l ,d;ndhU nghs;f;flj;jpf;F toq;FtJ rhj;jpakhFkh ? tpsf;Ff.
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‘fhtyplg;gl;l cNyhff; $l;bDs; cs;s kdpjd; cNyhff; $lhdJ cau; kpd;Ndw;wg;gLfpd;w NghJ kpd;djpu;r;rpf;F cl;gltpy;iy.’ tpsf;Ff. (mjhtJ ,b kpd;dypd; NghJ cNyhff; $l;bDs; cs;s kdpjd; kpd; jhf;FtjpypUe;J ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;ghu;.)
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juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
+Q Neu; Vw;wk; Fwpj;j Gs;spapy; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s NghJ XuyF Neu; Vw;wkhdJ epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Vw;wj;ij Rw;wp Fwpj;j MiuAila tl;lg;ghijapd; topNa nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy ahJ?
+Q Vw;wkhdJ ikaj;jpy; ,y;yhj NghJ nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy ahJ?
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kpd;tpir Nfhl;bd; topNa kpd;dOj;jk; FiwAkh? my;yJ mjpfupf;Fkh? 5
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juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
gapw;rp - 02
,yj;jpud; xd;W ,d;ndhU ,yj;jpuid Nehf;fp nfhz;L tug;gLfpd;wJ. njhFjpapd; mOj;jrf;jp gw;wp Fwpg;gpLf.
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kpd;Gyj;jpYs;s kpd;tpirf; NfhLfis fPOs;s glk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
vg; Gs;sp cau; mOj;jj;jpy; cs;sJ? Vd;?
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$k;G tbt kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l flj;jpapd; vy;yh Gs;spfSk; xNu mOj;jj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Nkw;gug;gpy; Vw;wg;gug;glu;j;jp rkdhf ,Uf;Fkh?
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A
B
juk; - 12, 13
njhFg;G :- jpU.f.rptypq;fk;> Mrpupau; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU.k.epjH\d;> MrpupaH - jfty; njhlHghly; njhopDl;gk;> (ah/`hl;ypf; fy;Y}up> gUj;jpj;Jiw)
100 V kpd;dOj;jpw;F Neu; kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l ngupa nghl;
Nfhsf;flj;jp A> 50 V kpd;dOj;jpw;F Neu; kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l
rpwpa Nfhsf;flj;jp B MdJ Nfhsf;flj;jp A apDs;
njhLifAwhJ itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nfhsf;flj;jpfs; A, B nky;ypa flj;jpapdhy; ,izf;fg;gbd; vj;jpirapy; Vw;wk; ghAk;?
Muk;gj;jpy; B Ak; 100 V mOj;j;jpw;F kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;bUe;jhy; Vw;wk; vj;jpirapy; ghAk;?
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fhtyplg;gl;l Neu; kpd;Ndw;wg;gl;l Nfhsf;flj;jpapy; mOj;jk; Neu; ngWkhdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh? mOj;jk; G+r;rpakhf my;yJ kiwg; ngWkhdj;ij nfhz;bUf;f KbAkh?
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