KORNATSKO PODMORJE / KORNATI’S UNDERWATER WORLD
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Transcript of KORNATSKO PODMORJE / KORNATI’S UNDERWATER WORLD
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SUPRALITORAL
MEDIOLITORAL
INFRALITORAL
CIRKALITORAL
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To this day, 353 algal species and 3 types of sea flower-ing plants are known to inhabit the Kornati underwater, and around 850 animal species, including:
22 coral species177 mollusc species127 polychaete species55 species of crustacea - decapoda 64 echinoderm species174 species of fish
The list of several sea species living in this territory, ar-ranged by territories characteristic for certain ecologi-cal conditions, from the shoreline all the way down to the largest depths of the Islands Kornati (123 m) are presented in this panel. Those strictly protected are marked with and those protected with !
Do danas se zna da u kornatskom podmorju žive 353 vrste algi i 3 vrste morskih cvjetnica te oko 850 vrsta životinja među kojima:
22 vrste koralja 177 vrsta mekušaca 127 vrsta mnogočetinaša 55 vrsta desetonožnih rakova 64 vrste bodljikaša 174 vrsta riba
SUPRALITORAL / SUPRALITTORAL
INFRALITORAL / INFRALITTORAL
CIRKALITORAL / CIRCALITTORAL
PELAGIČNO PODRUČJE / PELAGIC zONE PTICE / BIRDS
MEDIOLITORAL / MEDIOLITTORAL zONEPojas zapljuskivanja valova Supralitoral je područje ekstremnih ekoloških uvjeta, gdje
preživljavaju uglavnom kopnene biljke koje podnose veli-
ku količinu soli - slanuše (halofiti) te modrozelene bakterije.
Splash zone, supratidalSupralittoral is the territory of extreme ecological conditions,
where mainly onshore plants exists because they tolerate
large amounts of salt - “halofits” and green-blue bacteria. Rakovi vitičariBarnacles
Obalni petrovac Crithmum maritimum Rock samphire
Crvena moruzgva Actinia equina
Priljepak Patella sp. Limpet
Pojas izmjene plime i oseke Intertidal zoneMediolittoral is the territory where great differences of temperature occur, as well as changes of humidity amount and saltiness. Permanent organism live here, those that can spend some time on dry land, or moving organisms which can run away to next benthic step, INFRALITTORAL during unfavourable conditions in low tide.
Mediolitoral je područje u kojem zbog velikih promjena temperature, promjena u ko-ličini vlage i slanosti obitavaju sjedilački organizmi koji mogu provesti neko vrijeme na suhom ili pokretni organizmi koji za nepovoljnih uvjeta za vrijeme oseke mogu pobjeći u sljedeću bentosku stepenicu, infralitoral.
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Dok su prethodno navedene vrste usko vezane za morsko dno tzv. bento-sko područje, druge svoj život provode slobodno plivajući u stupcu mora – pelagičkom području. Od pelagičkih riba moguće je vidjeti i psinu golemu, jednog od najvećih vrsta morskog psa u Jadranu. Nerijetko se tu može vidjeti jedina u Jadranu stalno prisutna vrsta morskih kornjača, glavata želva - Caretta caretta te jedini stalno prisutni sisavac u Jadranu, dobri dupin – Tursiops truncatus.
While previously mentioned species are closely tied to the seabed, the so-called benthic zone, others spend their lives swimming freely in the pela-gic zone. Out of the pelagic fish, it is possible to see basking shark, one of the biggest species of sharks in the Adriatic. This is the area where you can see Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta ca-retta) the only marine turtle species constantly present in Adriatic.as well as Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) the only mammal which permanently inhabits this area.
Osim tipičnih morskih organizama važno je spomenuti i ptice koje u moru ne žive ali su zbog hrane koju u moru nalaze o njemu ovisne.
Besides the typical sea organism it is wor-th mentioning the birds which, of course, do not live in the sea, but depend upon the food they take from it.
Psina golemaCetorhinus maximusBasking shark
Galeb klaukavac Larus cachinnans ssp. michahellis Yellow-legged gull
Morski vranacPhalacrocorax aristotelisEuropean Shag
Muljevito-pjeskovita dna ovog pojasa nasta-njuje i morska cvjetnica posidonija, biljka prilagođena životu u moru.Naselja morske cvjetnice posidonije (porosta,
voge) spadaju u najvažnije životne zajednice u moru.
Sea flowering plant tapeweed also inhabits the sludgy and sandy bed of this zone; the plant is well adjusted to the life in the sea. The settlements of sea flowering plants tapeweed are the most important living communities in the sea.
Porost, voga - Posidonia oceanica - Mediterranean ta-peweed Što je čini tako posebnom?Posidonija je mediteranski endem. Njena naselja su pluća mora, jer obogaćuju more kisikom a predstav-ljaju stanište, hranilište i mrjestilište mnogim biljnim i životinjskih organizmima.
What makes it so special?Mediterranean tapeweed is an endemic species of the Mediterranean. Its zones represent the lungs of the sea because they enrich the sea with oxygen and present the zone for settling, feeding and breeding for many of vegetable and animal organisms.
KORALIGENSKA ŽIVOTNA zAJEDNICANa čvrstoj podlozi, na zasjenjenim mjestima često je ra-zvijena koraligenska životna zajednica sastavljena od crvenih algi koje iz mora vežu vapnenac i ulažu ga u svoje tijelo, u uvjetima smanjene svjetlosti. Ovdje je pri-sutna velika raznolikost vrsta kojima odgovaraju zasje-njena područja i tu žive brojne spužve, koralji te crvene i smeđe alge.
CORALLIGENOUS COMMUNITY Coralligenous community is often found on firm gro-und and shady places formed by red algae which draw limestone from the water and place it into the-ir bodies, under reduced light. A large variety of spe-cies which like shady areas is present here, and ma-ny sponges live here together with corals, as well as brown and red algae.
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Glavata želva Caretta carettaLoggerhead sea turtle
Dobri dupin Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose dolphin
Morski ekosustavi ranjivi su i podložni štetnom ljudskom
utjecaju te onečišćenju.
Navedene vrste samo su dio vrsta koje ovaj dio Jadrana
čine jedinstvenim.
Molimo vas da ih dodatno ne ugrožavate već da savjesnim
ponašanjem doprinesete njihovom očuvanju i zaštiti.
Sea ecosystems are vulnerable and subject to harmful influence by
humans and pollution.
The described species are just a small part of species that make this part of the Adriatic unique.
Please, do not endanger them any
further, but contribute to their preservation and protection
by acting conscientiously.
Rešetkasta mrežica Limonium cancellatum Sea lavender
Promjenjiva sumporačaAplysina aerophobaYellow tube sponge
Petrosia ficiformisStony sponge
Puž dalmatinerDiscodoris atromaculata Dotted sea slug
Hypselodoris pictaCistozira Cystoseira sp.
Morska naranča Tethya sp. Orange puffball sponge
JastogPalinurus elephasEuropean spiny lobster
Axinella polypoides
Žuta korasta moruzgvaParazoanthus axinelaeYellow encrusting anemone
Axinella cannabina
Crveni koraljCorallium rubrumRed coral
Phorbas tenacior
Velika rožnjača/crvena gorgonija Paramuricea clavataGreat purple gorgonian
zupkaLuria luridaMediterranean cowry
Žuta rožnjačaEunicella cavoliniiYellow gorgonian
Žuta gerardiaGerardia savagliaGerardia
Prugasta mitraMitra zonatazoned mitre shell
BačvašTonna galeaGiant tun
Smokva Labrus bimaculatus Cuckoo wrasse
zezavacScyllarus arctusSlipper lobster
MurinaMuraena helena Mediterranean moray
KukaScyllarides latus Mediterranean locust lobster
Jera, kirnjicaAnthias anthiasSwallowtail seaperch
Hlap Homarus gammarus European lobster
Keks zvjezdačaPeltaster placenta
Ljubičasti resičar Flabellina sp.
PadinaPadina pavonicaPeacocks tail
zvjezdača Ophidiaster ophidianus Purple starfish
Prstac Lithophaga litophaga Date-mussel
Trp Holothuria sp.Sea cucumber
Hobotnica Octopus vulgarisCommon octopus
Hridinski ježinac Paracentrotus lividus Purple sea urchin
Rakovica Maja squinadoLarge European spider crab
Čvorasta morska resaCymodocea nodosa
Plemenita periskaPinna nobilisNoble pen shell
Morski konjicHippocampus sp. Seahorse
Knez Coris julis Rainbow wrasse
Drozd Labrus viridis Green wrasse
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BIUS • Udruga studenata biologijeBiology Students Association “BIUS”
bius@ bius.hr • www.bius.hr
Područje uz samu obalu karakteriziraju velike promjene u vlažnosti, slanosti i temperature, a dijelimo ga na:
U području koje je stalno uronjeno u more ekološki uvjeti su stabilniji, a dijelomo ga na:Pliće područje gdje žive zelene alge kojima je potrebno puno svjetlosti za fotosintezu - INFRALITORALDublje područje, kamo svjetlost slabije prodire, a u kojemu žive alge kojima je za fotosintezu dovoljna i manja količina svjetlosti – CIRKALITORAL
The zone next to the mere shore-line is characterized by large changes of humidity, saltiness and temperature and we distinguish:
Ecological conditions are more stabile in the submerged area, which is divided into: Shallow territory inhabited by green algae in need of lots of light for photosynthesis - INFRALITTORAL
Deeper territory, with weak light, inhabited by algae which need only smaller amounts of light - CIRCALITTORAL
Panel je pripremljen u sklopu projekta „ Doprinos očuvanju bioraznolikosti Kornatskog otočja“ kojeg financira Veleposlanstvo Kraljevine Nizozemske u Republici Hrvatskoj preko MATRA/KNIP programa. Panel is prepared within the scope of the project „Biodiversity Protection in Croatia’s Kornati Archipelago” realized with a help of the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Croatia, within MATRA/KNIP program.
Tekst/Text: Martina Markov Podvinski, Sanja Drakulić • Fotografije/Photography: Hrvoje Čižmek, Zrinka Jakl, Dalibor Andres, Miljenko Marukić, Tomislav i Martina Gomerčić
NEZAVIČAJNA VRSTA - Caulerpa racemosaCaulerpa racemosa je zelena tropska alga, uljez u Jadranskom moru, pronađena i u području Kornat-skog otočja. Rasprostire se morskim strujama te guši i potiskuje zavičajne vrste koje prirodno rastu u ovom dijelu Sredozemlja.
ALLOCHTHNOUS SPECIES - Caulerpa racemosaCaulerpa racemosa is a green tropical algae, intrud-er in the Adriatic, found on the territory of Islands Ko-rnati. It is spreading on the territory with the help of sea currents and pushes the indigenous species which grow in this part of the Mediterranean.
KORNATSKO PODMORJE / KORNATI’S UNDERWATER WORLD
Na ovom su panelu prikazane neke od vrsta koje na-stanjuju Kornatsko podmorje raspoređene po područ-jima koja karakteriziraju određeni ekološki uvjeti, sve od obale pa do najveće dubine Kornatskog otočja (123 m). One stogo zaštićene obilježene su oznakom , a zaštićene oznakom !
Ekološka udruga ArgonautaEcological association [email protected] • www.argonauta.hr
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