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Transcript of Komunikasi Data Dan JaKomunikasi Data dan Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan ke 2ringan Komputer -...
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Komunikasi Data dan Jaringan Komputer : Network Model
Aries Kusdaryono Magister Komputer Universitas Budi Luhur
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Pendahuluan
Internet is
A network of networks
Collection of many separates networks
A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends data from one location to another
Task of network consists of layer of network Higher layer
Middle layer
Lower layer
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Network Layered
Sender, Receiver, Carrier
Hierarchy Three activity sender site
Three activity receiver site
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OSI Model
Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on International standards
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (1970s)
To show how to facilitate communication between different systems without requiring changes to the logic of the underlying hardware and software
for understanding and designing a network architecture that is flexible, robust, and interoperable
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OSI Model
A layered framework for the design of network systems that allows communication between all types of computer systems
Consists of seven separate but related layers, each of which defines a part of the process of moving information across a network
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Layered Architecture
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Organization of the Layers
The seven layers can be thought of as belonging to three subgroups Network support layers - Layers 1 (physical), 2 (data link), and 3
(network) the physical aspects of moving data from one device to another
electrical specifications, physical connections, physical addressing, and transport timing and reliability
User support layers - Layers 5 (session), 6 (presentation), and 7 (application) allow interoperability among unrelated software systems
The transport layer Layers 4 links the two subgroups and ensures that what the lower layers
have transmitted is in a form that the upper layers can use
The upper OSI layers implemented in software, lower layers are a combination of hardware and software
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An Exchange Using the OSI Model
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Layers in the OSI Model
Physical Layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a physical medium responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (node) to the next
Physical characteristics of interfaces and medium characteristics of the interface between the devices and the transmission
medium
Representation of bits the type of encoding (how Os and ls are changed to signals )
Data Link (Transmission rate) the duration of a bit, which is how long it lasts
Synchronization of bits the sender and receiver clocks must be synchronized
Line configuration the connection of devices to the media (point to point or multipoint)
Physical topology How device are connected to network (Mesh, Star, Ring, Bus, Hybrid)
Transmission mode Direction of transmission between two devices (Simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex)
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Physical Layer
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Networks
Physical Structures
Type of Connection
A network is two or more devices connected through links. A link is a communications pathway that transfers data from one device to another
Point-to-point . Point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices
Multipoint . A multipoint connection is one in which more than two specific devices share a single link
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Point-to-Point Line Configuration
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Point-to-Point Line Configuration
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Point-to-Point Line Configuration
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Multipoint Line Configuration
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Networks
Physical Structures
Physical topology
the way in which a network is laid out physically. Two or more devices connect to a link; two or more links form a topology
There are four basic topologies
Mesh Topology every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other devices
Star topology - each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub
Bus Topology - multipoint. One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network
In a ring topology - each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two devices on either side of it
Hybrid Topology - A network can be hybrid. For example, we can have a main star topology with each branch connecting several stations in a bus topology
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Mesh Topology
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Star Topology
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Tree Topology
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Bus Topology
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Ring Topology
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Hybrid Topology
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Layers in the OSI Model
Data Link Layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable
link responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next
Framing divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into
manageable data units called frames
Physical addressing Adds a header to the frame to define the sender and/or receiver of the
frame
Flow control imposes a flow control mechanism to avoid overwhelming the receiver
Error control Add reliability to the physical layer by adding mechanism to detect and
retransmit damaged or lost frame. Add trailer to the end of frame
Access control When two or more devices are connected to the same link,
determine which device has control over link at any given time
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Data Link Layer
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Data Link Layer Example
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Layers in the OSI Model
Network Layer responsible for the source to destination delivery of a packet,
possibly across multiple networks (links).
ensures that each packet gets from its point of origin to its final destination framing
Logical addressing
adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that, among other things, includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver
Routing
When independent networks or links are connected to create internetworks, the connecting devices (routers or switches) route or switch the packets to their final destination
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Network Layer
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Network Layer Example
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Network Layer Example
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Layers in the OSI Model
Transport Layer responsible for process-to-process delivery of the entire message (an
application program running on a host)
ensures that the whole message arrive intact and in order
Service-point addressing Computers often run several programs at the same time, gets the entire
message to the correct process on that computer
deliver a specific process (running program) on one computer to a specific process (running program) on the other
Add header include a type of address called a service-point address or port address
Segmentation and reassembly message is divided into transmittable segments, with each segment
containing a sequence number.
reassemble the message correctly upon arriving at the destination
identify and replace packets that were lost in transmission
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Layers in the OSI Model
Transport Layer
Connection control
Connectionless - each segment as an independent packet and delivers it to the transport layer at the destination machine
Connection oriented - makes a connection with the transport layer at the destination machine first before delivering the packets
Error control
The entire message arrives at the receiving transport layer without error (damage, loss, or duplication).
Achieved through retransmission
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Transport Layer
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Transport Layer Example
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Transport Layer Example
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Layers in the OSI Model
Session Layer network dialog controller
establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interaction among communicating systems
Dialog control
allows the communication between two processes to take place in either half duplex or full-duplex mode
Synchronization
allows a process to add checkpoints, or synchronization points, to a stream of data
Example : 2000 pages, each 100 pages add checkpoint
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Session Layer
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Layers in the OSI Model
Presentation Layer the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between
two system
Translation processes (running programs) in two systems are usually exchanging
information in the form of character, strings, numbers
Because different computers use different encoding systems, responsible for interoperability between these different encoding methods
changes the information from its sender-dependent format into a common format and vice versa
Encryption carry sensitive information, a system must be able to ensure
privacy
Compression reduces the number of bits contained in the information
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Presentation Layer
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Layers in the OSI Model
Application Layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the
network
provides user interfaces and support for services such as electronic mail, remote file access and transfer, shared database management, and other types of distributed information services
Network virtual terminal
software version of a physical terminal, and it allows a user to log on to a remote host
File transfer, access, and management
allows a user to access files in a remote host (to make changes or read data)
Mail services
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Application Layer
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Summary of Layer Functions
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Assignment 1 Network Design
Analyze Network Design in your work place Monitoring
Management
Design Network that optimize Network in your work place Network Diagram
Arrangement and Interconnection devices
Configuration addressing schemes,
routing schemes,
traffic prioritization,
security,
and management
Submitted before Midterm (UTS) Email to [email protected]
Format PDF or ODF
Please Provide Name
NIM
Workplace
mailto:[email protected]
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TERIMA KASIH