know better

Parents should know better than their children, but they don't always necessarily do.

You are old enough to know better than to swear around.

You ought to know better than to linger along the railroad.

我们要同甘共苦。We will stay together for better or for worse.

Down with the government!Down

Irony

Oh, how I love queuing up!We are lucky. It’s the other side on the

thirteenth of December. That makes us feel real good. (David Parks: G I. Diary)

Simile

1. O my love’s like a red, red rose2. Maggie’s hand is as limp as a fish, and

probably as cold, despite the sweat. 3. I am the way my daughter would want me

to be : a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake.

Metaphor

1. Imperialism is paper tiger. 2. All the world’s a stage, and all the men

and women merely player. 3. The hallway was zebra-striped with

darkness and moonlight. 4. I see that small group of villainous men

who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind.

Analogy

The chess-board is the world; the pieces are the phenomena of the universe; the rules the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance. To the man who plays well, the highest stakes are paid, with that sort of overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength. And one who plays ill is checkmated-without haste, but without remorse.

Personification

1. She knows she not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.

Metonymy( 借喻）

1. His purse would not allow him that luxury.2. Sword and cross in hand, the European

conquerors fell upon the Americans. 3. We have rid the earth of his shadow and

liberated its peoples form his yoke.

Synecdoche 借代

1. The farms were short of hands during the harvest seasons.

2. He had to earn his daily bread by doing odd jobs.

3. Australia beat Canada at cricket.

Antonomasia:-a name standing for an idea1.Solomon a wise man2. Judas a traitor3. Uncle Tom a black who compromise and

conforms with the Whites. 4. Tom is a Hercules (extremely powerful

and muscular man)5. But that is a mistake. I know even before I

wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue?

Climax

It is an outrage to bind a Roman citizen; it is a crime to scourge him; it is almost parricide to kill him; but to crucify him—what shall I say of this?”

Anticlimax

“Among the great achievements of Benito Mussolini's regime were the revival of a strong national consciousness, the expansion of the Italian Empire, and the running of the trains on time.”

“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town know throughout the world for its-oysters.”

Paradox

My heart leaps up when I behold.A rainbow in the sky:So was it when my life began,So is it now I am a man,So be it when I shall grow old Or let me die!The Child is father of the a ManAnd I could wish my day to be Bound each to each by natural piety.

Oxymoron: Juliet:

O Serpent heart, hid with a flow’ring face!Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?Beautiful tyrant! Fiend angelical?Dove-feather’d raven! Wolfish-ravening lamb!Despised substance of divinest show!Just opposite to what thou justly seem’st,A damned saint, an honourable villain!

Oxymoron: 1. A living death Conspicuous absence Tearful joy Jarring concord2. Cold pleasant manner Poor rich guys 3. Dully bright Mercifully fatal4. Hasten slowly Shine darkly5. A love-hate relationship

Hyperbole\overstatement

He almost died laughing. On hearing that he is married to that girl, I whisp

ered to myself, “ He’s the luckiest man in the world.”

… with her hoarse voice and her clumsy limping walk and her grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long.

Understatement

It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.

I didn’t half like that.

Transferred epithet

1. I found myself was driven by the boring speech into a sleepy corner of the auditorium.

2. I was ashamed , ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.

Euphemism

Alliteration

Other rhetorical devices

Rhetorical questions: 1. I have to make the declaration,but can

you doubt what our policy will be?

Parallelism

Repetition

address

1. The two letters are addressed to MR. Parker.

2. She addressed her remarks particularly to the young people in the crowd.

3. Sam Walton would like to be addressed as Sam.

4. Send a stamped, self-addressed envelope (=with your address on it so it can be sent back to you) .

5. address yourself to something Marlowe now addressed himself to the task of s

earching the room.6. (Formal) if you address a problem, you start tr

ying to solve it address a problem/question/issue etc Our pro

ducts address the needs of real users.

Gettysburg Address

short

short-sightedshort-temperedshort-termshort-circuit short cut

spell

3spell trouble/disaster/danger etcif a situation or action spells trouble etc, it make

s you expect trouble etcThe lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers.4[transitive] American English to do someone els

e's work for them for a short period so that they can rest

I can spell you if you get tired.

1to explain something clearly and in detailspell out how/what etcThe report spelled out in detail what the implica

tions were for teacher training.

spelling bee [countable]ˈAmerican English a competition in which the win

ner is the person who spells the most words correctly

spell [countable]1. a magic spell put a spell on

somebody/cast a spell over somebody (=do a piece of magic to change someone) The kiss of the prince broke the spell (=stopped the magic from working) .

be under a spellThe whole town seemed to be under a spell.2.a period of a particular kind of activity,

weather, illness etc, usually a short periodbrief/short spell After a brief spell in the

army, I returned to teaching.

spell ofa spell of bad luckcold/wet/dry spell Water the young plants

carefully during dry spells.a day of sunny spells and scattered showers

He began to suffer from dizzy spells .

3. a power that attracts, interests, and influences you very strongly

fall/come/be under a spell I fell under the spell of her charm.an ancient city that still casts its spell over travellers

A cartoon satirizes British physician Edward Jenner, who is shown injecting patients with cowpox virus

Perspiration steel work music refusal sleep time thought laughter labour events the moment a doubt mind Only by division of ____ can an increase in production

be achieved. A bead of ____ stood out on his forehead. He had to play by ear because he couldn’ t read a no

te of ____ . When he saw the flames. He had the presence of ____

to ring the fire brigade. He must have nerves of ____ to be able to withstand s

uch an ordeal. The recent turn of ____ in Iran has been rather disturb

ing. His obese body shook in a fit of ____ . She shook her head as a gesture of ____ .

I didn’t have a wink of ____ last night.He hasn’t done a stroke of ____ , so he deser

ves no pay.On the spur of the ____ he decided he would g

o to Spain for his holiday.When you interrupted me, you broke my train

of ____ . There was never a shadow of ____ that he was

innocent.He caught his bus in the nick of ____ .

Only by division of labor can an increase in production be achieved.

A bead of perspiration stood out on his forehead. He had to play by ear because he couldn’[t read a no

te of music. When he saw the flames. He had the presence of mind

to ring the fire brigade. He must have nerves of steel to be able to withstand s

uch an ordeal. The recent turn of events in Iran has been rather distu

rbing. His obese body shook in a fit of laughter. She shook her head as a gesture of refusal.

I didn’t have a wink of sleep last night.He hasn’t done a stroke of work, so he deserv

es no pay.On the spur of the moment he decided he wou

ld go to Spain for his holidy.When you interrupted me, you broke my train

of thought There was never a shadow of a doubt that he

was innocent.He caught his bus in the nick of time.