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KMUTT Energy Forum ครั้ง ที่ 6 เชื้อเพลิง...
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Transcript of KMUTT Energy Forum ครั้ง ที่ 6 เชื้อเพลิง...
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KMUTT Energy Forum ครัง้ท่ี 6 เชื้อเพลิงเอทานอล ED95
คณุณัฐชาติ จารุจนิดาประธานเจา้หน้าท่ีปฏิบติัการกลุ่มธุรกิจปิโตรเลียมขัน้ปลาย
บรษัิท ปตท. จำากัด (มหาชน)
5 เมษายน 2556
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Outline• EU Roadmap Greenhouse Gas Emission
• Application of Ethanol Fuel in Sweden
• What is ED95 ?
• ED95 Engine
• ED95 in Thailand and PTT-Scania Collaboration Progress
• Comparison between normal diesel / NGV and ED95
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EU Roadmap – Greenhouse Gas Emissions
l2020
l2010
l2000
2005-2020: Minus 10%
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Sustainable Transport – Available Biofuels
Ethanolfrom sugar cane < 90%
Synthetic dieselfrom biomass < 80%
BiodieselFAME, RME, etc. < 70%
Biogasfrom waste, sewage < 90%
Best Case CO2 reduction
These fuels are available today
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Fuel Alternatives
Ethanol FAME/RME
Synthetic diesel
Biogas Methanol DME Hydrogen
Production capacity + - ? - ? ? ?LocalEmissions + ? + + ? + +CO2/GHG reduction + + ? + + ? -In vehicle + + + - - ? -Handle & store + + + - - ? -Comm. available Yes Yes No Yes No No No
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Engine Type E85 ED95
Fuel 85% Ethanol 95% Ethanol
15% Gasoline 5% Additive
Ethanol type Anhydrous 99.5% Hydrous 95%
Engine Technology Spark Ignition Engine Compression Ignition
Application Light-Duty FFV (Flexible Fuel Vehicle)
Heavy-Duty Diesel Base Engine Modification
Manufacturer Ford, Volvo, Saab, Peugeot, Citron, Skoda, Seat, Renault, VW
SCANIA
Application of Ethanol Fuel In Sweden
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel_in_Sweden
In heavy duty diesel application, the most applicable of ethanol fuel with high efficiency is ED95. E85 is, in general, not match with diesel application due to extremely high octane number.
Ethanol for Dedicated Compression Ignition Engines (ED95)
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The composition of ED95 fuel :
What is ED95 fuel ?
Component AmountAnhydrous Ethanol; purity 95% 95%
Additive 5%
Additives : Ignition improverDenaturant (by law)Corrosion inhibitorLubricity additive
ED95 is a pure ethanol fuel with additives for diesel engine adapted for ethanol
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Ethanol specification comparisonItems, unit Hydrous EtOH
(for ED95)Anhydrous
EtOH for gasohol
Scania spec MOE spec
Total alcohol (EtOH&higher alcohol), %m/m
Min 92.4 Min 99.0
Higher saturated mono-alcohols (C3-C5), %m/m
Max 2.0 Max 2.0
MeOH, %m/m Max 0.5 Max 0.5
Density@15oC, Kg/m3
808-814 -
Appearance Bright&Clear, no visible impurity
Bright&Clear, no visible impurity
Flash point, oC Min 10 -
Acidity( as acetic acid), %m/m
Max 0.0050 Max 30 (mg/L)
Aldehyde(as acetic aldehydes), %m/m
Max 0.0250 -
Water, %m/m 4.5-7.4 Max 0.3
Items, unit Hydrous EtOH Anhydrous EtOH for gasohol
Scania spec MOE spec
Sulfur, mg/kg Max 10.0 -
Phosphorus, mg/l Max 0.20 -
Sulphates, mg/kg Max 4.0 -
Inorganic chloride, mg/kg
Max 1.0 Max 20 (mg/L)
Copper, mg/kg Max 0.100 Max 0.07
Dry residue, mg/kg
Max 65 -
Tot. contamination, mg/kg
Max 24 -
Electrical conductivity, uS/cm
Max 5.0 Max 5.0
Washed gum, mg/100ml
- Max 5.0
pHe - 6.5-9.0
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Handling and properties of ED959 ED95 is a stable fuel with long shelf life Must be handled as gasoline for safety reasons
ED95 Diesel Density(kg/m3) 810-830 810-820Flashpoint(°C) 12 >56Cetane number ~10 >50Biofuel (vol-%) >95 <7Energy content (MJ/kg) 24.7 44.5Energy content (MJ/litre) 20.5 35.6
Properties of ED95
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ED95 fulfils the Euro 5 emission standard and EEV
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Scania ED95 Engine3rd generation diesel-ethanol engine
Based on the 9-litre Euro 4 diesel engine 270 hp, 1200 Nm
Euro 5 and EEV Best available environmental standard 9-litre diesel engine 270 hp, 1200 Nm
Thermal efficiency Ethanol up to 43% Diesel up to 44%
Proven technology Cost efficient way to replace diesel
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• Ethanol resistant fuel system (unit injectors)• Increased fuel injector size (+75% at equal pressure)• Very high compression ratio: 28:1• Ethanol compatible engine oil• Reduced service interval• Short route EGR, with venturi
– to reduce NOx emissions (Euro 5 diesel EGR levels)• Oxidation catalyst
– eliminating CO and HC emissions
ED95 piston 28:1 HSD piston 17:1
ED95 Engine
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Scania’s commitment to sustainabilityVehicles, fuels, infrastructure…
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ED95 Project in Thailand
9 Partners
January 23rd 2011 at Bangkok
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ED95 Project in Thailand
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PTT supported ED95 station (fuel system, pump, tank and dispenser)
Additive imported from Brazil
ED95 Project in Thailand
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ED95 Station1. Storage EtOH and additive separated , mixed when fill in bus or truck
2. Storage finish ED95 (mixed EtOH and additive in tank)
ED95 tank
EtOH tank
Additive tank
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PTT & Scania Siam Collaboration Project on ED95 Working ScheduleObjective :
To develop ED 95 formulation by using PTT ‘s additive
Testing & Evalutaion by Scania :Engine Test : modified single cylinder ( CR = 28:1
)Performance evaluation :
• Ignition delay • Combustion Stability
Conclusion : Scania approve PTT ED95 formulation
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Items NGV ED 95
Fuel Formulation CNG 100 % 95% hydrous + 5% additive
Engine Dedicated CNG Heavy Duty bioethanol-adapted compression ignition
engine Lube Need special lube Need special lube
Service Station NGV Service Station Same as E85
Fuel Consumption * 1.7 – 2.7 km./kg equivalent to 3.4- 5.4 km./l normal
diesel
1.2 – 1.8 km./l
Fuel Price 10.5 baht / kg > 32 baht / l
Fuel Cost , baht/km 5.55 – 10.5 17.78 – 26.67
Vehicle Cost , Mbaht 6 - 7 8
Comparison between NGV and ED95 for heavy duty vehicles
* Reference : KMIT ED95 Project
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Items Diesel ED 95
Fuel Formulation Diesel ( B5 ) 95% hydrous + 5% additive
Engine Normal diesel engine bioethanol-adapted compression ignition
engine Lube Normal diesel engine oil at
same ODINeed special lube
Service Station Normal Same as E85
Fuel Consumption * 1.8 – 2.7 km./l 1.2 – 1.8 km./l
Fuel Price 29.99 baht / kg > 32 baht / l
Fuel Cost , baht/km 11.11 – 16.66 17.78 – 26.67
Vehicle Cost , Mbaht 5 8
Comparison between Diesel and ED95 for heavy duty vehicles
* Reference : KMIT ED95 Project
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Emission : ED95 vs CNG vs Diesel
All emission emitted by ED95 bus comparing to diesel is totally less than diesel, while the PM and CO are higher than CNG bus.
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Thank you