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1
Kinetika Pertumbuhan
Agroindustri Produk Fermentasi
Kompetensi yang Diharapkan
Menguasai kinetika pertumbuhan mikroorganisme sehingga tepat penerapannya untuk operasi industri fermentasi secara batch, kontinyu dan fed-batch.
Menguasai kinetika pertumbuhan mikroorganisme sehingga tepat penerapannya untuk operasi industri fermentasi produk metabolit primer, metabolit sekunder, biomassa sel, dan produk biotransformasi.
2
Microbial Growth
Microbial Cell Growth
Mode of Growth Selective assimilation of nutrients and
convert into and also include Chemical rearrangement of protoplasmic material characteristic of the particular organism
Production of an increased amount of nuclear substance and cell division
3
Growth Phase
Growth Phase
Induction Phase (Lag Phase)
Transient Phase (Acceleration Phase)
Exponential Phase
Stationary Phase (Declining Phase)
Death Phase
4
Question Sheet
Why microbial growth have an lag phase?
Why death phase could be occurred in microbial growth?
What is essential nutrient for growth of organism especially prokaryotes?
What is important factor for cell division?
Growth Approximation
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Growth ConstantsExponential – Stationary Growth PhaseTotal Biomass Production(G)
Incident growth rate, Incident mean division rate ()
Specific growth rate, Beginning mean division rate ()
Doubling time of population (D); exponential growth phase
dt
dX
Xtt
X
X
1
12
ln1
2
dt
dX
Xt
1lim
0
)( im XXG
2ln
D
Classical Growth KineticsEmpirical Approximation
Monod Growth Kinetic
Tessier Growth Kinetic
Moser Growth Kinetic
Contois Growth Kinetic
sΚ
s
s μμ
11
sKs
sKse /1
sXB
s
6
Empirical Growth KineticsMedium constituent Inhibition
Andrews Growth Kinetic
Aiba Growth Kinetici
2K
s
sK
s
s
pKsK
Ks
ps
p
Growth KineticsMultiple essential nutrient
Bailey Growth Kinetic
...33
3
22
2
11
1
sK
s
sK
s
sK
s
sss
7
Home Work
Which kinetic approximation do you choose in case of microbial growth of Hepatotoxin produced OscilatoriaAgardhii NIVA CYA 97 in low temperature?
Which empirical equation that you choose of inoculation of microorganism in case of multiple content limitation of nutrients, such as Mg2+, phosphate, Nitrate and organic compound?
Which kinetic approximation do you choose of cultivation photosynthetic microorganism that did not grew up in pH above 7.8?
Simple Bio-Production Kinetic Cellular growth rate
Monod approximation
Yield factor
Substrate Utilization
Product Formation
(Beginning of Stationary Phase)
sΚ
s
s μμ
dt
ds
dtdX
sX s
XY
/
Xμdt
Xd
dt
dX
dtdP
XP X
PY
/
sK
Xsμ
dt
Xd
s
sK
Xs
Y
μ
dt
sd
ssX
/
sK
XsY
dt
Pd
sXP
/
8
EnvironmentalAlteration Studies
Microbial Growth KineticEnviromental Condition
Direct Effects Light Illumination (Energy Source) Temperature Essential nutrients content
Indirect Effects Gas inlet volumetric rate Gas inlet content Liquid circulation rate Non essential nutrients content
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Light Illumination Effect Oscillatoria agardhi Gomont
(Post AF, R de Witt, LC Mur, J. Plank. Res., 7 (1985) 487-495)
Temperature effect Modified Arhenius Model
RdH
RdS
a
T
RTE
e
TeA
1
/
10
Temperature EffectClassification of Microorganism
Question Sheet
What is happen if microorganism is at 90oC? Why? In case of decreasing of temperature about 20oC from
optimum temperature, what is happen in case of microbial growth rate?
In case of ethanol production that was S. sake have ethanol tolerance around 10%, what do you do to make an whisky industry?
Why a shade microbe does not grew well in high light illumination and commonly have not high temperature resistance?
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Temperature EffectCellular Consideration
Psychrophile Obligate
Protococcus Agardh SS 100-3 Oscillatoria redekei Van Goor Oscillatoria sp. SS 100-5
Facultative Anabena cylindrica Lemmerman Oscillatoria Agardhi Gomont Nostoc commune Antartica
Mesophile Synechococcus leopoliensis Anabaena variabilis IAM M3 Microcystis Aeruginosa IAM M228
Thermophile Mastigocladus laminosus HTF Synechococcus lividus OH75S Synechcocus elongatus It 7S
Home Work
Why optimum specific growth rate values of psychrophile factually, lower than thermophile?
Why GC content of microbial DNA is important for classification of organism in terms of growth rate dependence on temperature?
What is DBI?
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Microbial Kinetic Studies
Non Elementer Reaction
Common reaction rate
N = integer Elementer
N = non integer Non Elementer
Non Elementer Example :
nskdt
ds
HBrBrH 222 22
22
3
212
'][
'
BrkHBr
HBrk
dt
Brd
COCHCHOCH 43 23
33 CHOCHkdt
CHOCHd
13
Reaction Mechanism
22
1
1
2 ONNOk
k
2222 / OHON
022
dt
ONd
OHOHHk
2222 23
022
dt
OHd
OHNHNO 222 222
222222
2
OHNHONk
022232222 HOHkHONk 223
222 ON
k
kOH
2
22
21
212
2
2
21
122222
2
11 H
HNO
kk
kkH
H
NO
kk
kkHONk
dt
Nd
022222212
1 HONkONkNOk 2
2
21
122 1 H
NO
kk
kON
Question Sheet
What is mechanism path?
What definition of intermediate species?
What was become determining factor of reaction rate?
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Microbial GrowthEnzymatic Reaction/Kinetic consideration Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
Reaction mechanism
Kinetic equation
Substrate Actvation and Inhibition Reaction mechanism
Kinetic equation
Product Activation and Inhibition Reaction mechanism
Kinetic equation
sK
s
m
ESSEk
k
1
1
EPESk
2
ESSEk
k
1
1
2
2
2
ESSESk
k
EPESk
3
im KssK
s
/2
ESSEk
k
1
1
EPESk
2
ESPPESk
k
3
3
pKsK
Ks
ps
p
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
Reaction mechanism
Kinetic derivation
ESSEk
k
1
1
EPESk
2
ESEE 0
ESESkk
kES
kk
kES
ESkkESkES
ES
dtd
dtd
021
1
21
1
211
0
00 ES
m
dtd
dtd
KS
SP
kkk
S
SEkESkP
k
kkS
SEES
max
1
21
022
1
21
0