K|]dsf] cg'zf;g. 2 kl/ro cg'zf;gn] s] xfl;n ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 s]xL pbfx0fx? k]z ug{'xf];\ cg'zf;gn]...
-
Upload
amia-mckenna -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
1
Transcript of K|]dsf] cg'zf;g. 2 kl/ro cg'zf;gn] s] xfl;n ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 s]xL pbfx0fx? k]z ug{'xf];\ cg'zf;gn]...
k|]dsf] cg'zf;g k|]dsf] cg'zf;g
22
kl/ro kl/ro
cg'zf;gn] s] xfl;n cg'zf;gn] s] xfl;n ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 s]xL pbfx0fx? k]z s]xL pbfx0fx? k]z ug{'xf];\ug{'xf];\
33
d'Vo kbd'Vo kb
======cfkm}+nfO{ elQmdf tfnLd cfkm}+nfO{ elQmdf tfnLd b]pm . lsgeg] zf/Ll/s tfnLd b]pm . lsgeg] zf/Ll/s tfnLd s]xL;Dd nfesf] x'G5 t/ s]xL;Dd nfesf] x'G5 t/ O{Zj/elQm rflxF x/k|sf/n] O{Zj/elQm rflxF x/k|sf/n] nfebfos x'G5 lsgeg] o;df nfebfos x'G5 lsgeg] o;df jt{dfg / eljiot\ hLjg b'j}sfl glDt jt{dfg / eljiot\ hLjg b'j}sfl glDt k|lt1f /x]sf] x'G5 . k|lt1f /x]sf] x'G5 .
! ltdf]yL $M & v –*! ltdf]yL $M & v –*
44
dflg; O{Zj/eQm dflg; O{Zj/eQm aGg s;/L tflnd k|aGg s;/L tflnd k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\, <fKt ug{ ;S5g\, <
d'Vo kb cGj]if0f d'Vo kb cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnL
55
dflg; O{Zj/eQm aGg s;/L dflg; O{Zj/eQm aGg s;/L tflnd k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\, <tflnd k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\, <
tflnd hgfpg] cGo tflnd hgfpg] cGo zAbx? s] s] x'g\ < zAbx? s] s] x'g\ <
d'Vo kb cGj]if0f d'Vo kb cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnL
66
dflg; O{Zj/eQm aGg s;/L dflg; O{Zj/eQm aGg s;/L tflnd k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\, <tflnd k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\, <
tflnd hgfpg] cGo zAbx? tflnd hgfpg] cGo zAbx? s] s] x'g\ <s] s] x'g\ <
s] cg'zf;g a[l4sf] s] cg'zf;g a[l4sf] lglDt lglDt cfjZos x'G5 <cfjZos x'G5 <
d'Vo kb cGj]if0f k|d'Vo kb cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnLZgfjnL
77
!_ s] k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\!_ s] k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf ;Gtfg v|Li6h:t} gf ;Gtfg v|Li6h:t} ePsf] rxfg'x'G5 <ePsf] rxfg'x'G5 <
/f]dL *M@( /f]dL *M@(
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
88
s] k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf ;Gtfg v|s] k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf ;Gtfg v|Li6h:t} ePsf] rxfg'x'G5 < Li6h:t} ePsf] rxfg'x'G5 <
/f]dL *M@( pxfFn] /f]dL *M@( pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ pxfFsf] xfdLnfO{ pxfFsf] k'qsf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'g k'qsf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'g cl3af6} tf]Sg'eof] . cl3af6} tf]Sg'eof] .
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
99
@M o]z"sf] :j?kdf @M o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf xfd|f] lgdf{0f x'gdf xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] <e"ldsf s] xf] <
lkmlnKkL @M !@ lkmlnKkL @M !@ @ ltdf]yL $M!@ @ ltdf]yL $M!@ o"xGgf !%M $–%o"xGgf !%M $–%
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnL
1010
o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] <xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] <
lkmlnKkL @M !@ lkmlnKkL @M !@ d'lQmsf] sfd u/ d'lQmsf] sfd u/
@ ltdf]yL $M!@ @ ltdf]yL $M!@ o"xGgf !%M $–%o"xGgf !%M $–%
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
1111
o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] <xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] <
lkmlnKkL @M !@ d'lQmsf] lkmlnKkL @M !@ d'lQmsf] sfd u/ sfd u/
@ ltdf]yL $M!@ @ ltdf]yL $M!@ df};d / df};d / a]df};ddf a]df};ddf
o"xGgf !%M $–%o"xGgf !%M $–%
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
1212
o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf xfd|f] o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] <e"ldsf s] xf] <
lkmlnKkL @M !@ lkmlnKkL @M !@ d'lQmsf] sfd d'lQmsf] sfd u/ u/
@ ltdf]yL $M!@ @ ltdf]yL $M!@ df};d / a]df};ddf df};d / a]df};ddf
o"xGgf !%M $–% o"xGgf !%M $–% o]z"df /xg'o]z"df /xg'
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
1313
o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s] x'G5 <e"ldsf s] x'G5 <
lkmlnKkL @M!#lkmlnKkL @M!# Plkm;L #M@) Plkm;L #M@)
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
1414
#M o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf #M o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s] x'G5 < k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s] x'G5 <
lkmlnKkL @M!# lkmlnKkL @M!# k/d]Zj/n] xfdLdf k/d]Zj/n] xfdLdf OR5f / sfo{ ug]{ t'Nofpg'x'G5 . OR5f / sfo{ ug]{ t'Nofpg'x'G5 .
Plkm;L #M@) Plkm;L #M@)
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
1515
o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s] x'G5 < k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s] x'G5 <
lkmlnKkL @M!# lkmlnKkL @M!# k/d]Zj/n] k/d]Zj/n] xfdLdf OR5f / sfo{ ug]xfdLdf OR5f / sfo{ ug]{ t'Nofpg'x'G5 . { t'Nofpg'x'G5 .
Plkm;L #M@) Plkm;L #M@) pxfFsf] pxfFsf] zlQmcg';f/ ckl/dLt ?kn]zlQmcg';f/ ckl/dLt ?kn]
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
1616
k/d]Zj/sf] :j?kdf k/d]Zj/sf] :j?kdf algg' eg]sf] s] algg' eg]sf] s]
xf] <xf] < pTklt !M@&pTklt !M@&
1717
;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] ;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfIfdtf
cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL
1818
;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]zAb k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtf{ Ifdtf
cGj]if0f k|cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
1919
;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]{ IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtf
p2]Zok"0f{ ;DaGw p2]Zok"0f{ ;DaGw
cGj]if0f k|cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
2020
;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]{ IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtfp2]Zok"0f{ ;DaGw p2]Zok"0f{ ;DaGw g}lts /f]hfO g}lts /f]hfO
cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL
2121
;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]{ IfdtfzAb k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtfp2]Zok"0f{ ;DaGw p2]Zok"0f{ ;DaGw g}lts /f]hfO g}lts /f]hfO ??????????????
cGj]if0f k|cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
2222
$= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] $= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k rflxF xfdLdf s:tf] :j?k rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;a}eGbf a9L emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <
lk\mlnKkL @M %–*lk\mlnKkL @M %–*/f]dL !%M *–(/f]dL !%M *–(
cGj]if0f k|cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL ZgfjnL
2323
$= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?$= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L k rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <
lk\mlnKkL @M %–* lk\mlnKkL @M %–* xfd|f] dg xfd|f] dg klg v|Li6s} h:tf] klg v|Li6s} h:tf] x'g'k5{ . x'g'k5{ .
dQL @) M @* !%M *–(dQL @) M @* !%M *–(/f]dL !%M *–(/f]dL !%M *–(
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
2424
$= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k $= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <
lk\mlnKkL @M %–* lk\mlnKkL @M %–* xfd|f] dg klg xfd|f] dg klg v|Li6s} h:tf] x'g'k5{ . v|Li6s} h:tf] x'g'k5{ .
dQL @) M @* !%M *–( dQL @) M @* !%M *–( ;]jf ;]jf lngnfO{ xf]Og, ;]jf lbgnfO{ lngnfO{ xf]Og, ;]jf lbgnfO{
/f]dL !%M *–(/f]dL !%M *–(
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
2525
$= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k $= k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L rflxF xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <
lk\mlnKkL @M %–* lk\mlnKkL @M %–* xfd|f] dg klg xfd|f] dg klg v|Li6s} h:tf] x'g'k5{ . v|Li6s} h:tf] x'g'k5{ .
dQL @) M @* !%M *–( dQL @) M @* !%M *–( ;]jf ;]jf lngnfO{ xf]Og, ;]jf lbgnfO{ lngnfO{ xf]Og, ;]jf lbgnfO{
/f]dL !%M *–( /f]dL !%M *–( v|Li6 ;]js aGg'eof] . v|Li6 ;]js aGg'eof] .
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnL k|ZgfjnL
2626
%= ;]jf / k|]d %= ;]jf / k|]d aLrdf leGgtf s] aLrdf leGgtf s] 5 <5 <
! o"Ggf #M!^–!*! o"Ggf #M!^–!*
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnL
2727
%= ;]jf / k|]d aLrdf %= ;]jf / k|]d aLrdf leGgtf s] 5 <leGgtf s] 5 <
! o"Ggf #M!^–!* ! o"Ggf #M!^–!* zAbn] dfq} xf]Og t/ zAbn] dfq} xf]Og t/ Jojxf/n] k|]d u/f}+ Jojxf/n] k|]d u/f}+
;xfos kb / cGj]if0f ;xfos kb / cGj]if0f k|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnL
2828
a[l4sf] lglDt a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . clgjfo{ x'G5 .
d'Vo larf/d'Vo larf/
2929
a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . clgjfo{ x'G5 .
cg'zf;gsf] lglDt cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f zlQm xfdLnfO{ OR5f zlQm rflxG5 rfx] Tof] xfdLnfO{ rflxG5 rfx] Tof] xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ . dg gk/f];\ .
d'Vo larf/d'Vo larf/
3030
a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . clgjfo{ x'G5 .
cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f zlQm rflxG5 rfx] Tof] zlQm rflxG5 rfx] Tof] xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ . xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ .
cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lglDt cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdfsf] jf; k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdfsf] jf; rflxG5 . rflxG5 .
d'Vo larf/d'Vo larf/
3131
a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f
zlQm rflxG5 rfx] Tof] zlQm rflxG5 rfx] Tof] xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ . xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ .
cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdfsf] jf; rflxG5 . cfTdfsf] jf; rflxG5 .
;]jskg k/d]Zj/sf] :j?ksf] ;]jskg k/d]Zj/sf] :j?ksf] pRrQd k|ltljDa xf] . pRrQd k|ltljDa xf] .
d'Vo larf/d'Vo larf/
3232
a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . a[l4sf] lglDt cg'zf;g clgjfo{ x'G5 . cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f zlQm cg'zf;gsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ OR5f zlQm
rflxG5 rfx] Tof] xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ . rflxG5 rfx] Tof] xfdLnfO{ dg gk/f];\ . cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdfsf] cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] cfTdfsf]
jf; rflxG5 . jf; rflxG5 . ;]jskg k/d]Zj/sf] :j?ksf] pRrQd k|ltljDa ;]jskg k/d]Zj/sf] :j?ksf] pRrQd k|ltljDa
xf] . xf] .
lqmlZrog k|]d ;]jfåf/f k|lqmlZrog k|]d ;]jfåf/f k|b{lzt x'G5 . b{lzt x'G5 .
d'Vo larf/d'Vo larf/
3333
!= v|Li6h:tf] ;]jskg != v|Li6h:tf] ;]jskg emNsfpg] Oltxf;sf jf emNsfpg] Oltxf;sf jf jt{dfg ;dosf O;fO{x?jt{dfg ;dosf O;fO{x?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ .
k'ga{nLs/0f k'ga{nLs/0f
3434
!= v|Li6h:tf] ;]jskg != v|Li6h:tf] ;]jskg emNsfpg] Oltxf;sf jf emNsfpg] Oltxf;sf jf jt{dfg ;dosf O;fO{x?sf] jt{dfg ;dosf O;fO{x?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . gfd eGg'xf];\ .
@= of] s;/L cleJoQm @= of] s;/L cleJoQm x'G5 <x'G5 <
k'ga{nLs/0f k'ga{nLs/0f
3535
!= v|Li6h:tf] ;]jskg emNsfpg] != v|Li6h:tf] ;]jskg emNsfpg] Oltxf;sf jf jt{dfg ;dosf Oltxf;sf jf jt{dfg ;dosf O;fO{x?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . O;fO{x?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ .
@= of] s;/L cleJoQm x'G5 <@= of] s;/L cleJoQm x'G5 <
#= xfd|f] ;+:s[ltdf ;]jskgn] #= xfd|f] ;+:s[ltdf ;]jskgn] s:tf] k|efj kf5{ < s;/L <s:tf] k|efj kf5{ < s;/L <
k'ga{nLs/0f k'ga{nLs/0f
3636
$= ;]jskg / k/d]Zj/sf] $= ;]jskg / k/d]Zj/sf] /fHosf] cfudg aLr /fHosf] cfudg aLr s] ;DaGw 5 <s] ;DaGw 5 <
k'ga{nLs/0f k'ga{nLs/0f
3737
k|of]u – k|]dsf] ;"qsf] k|of]u – k|]dsf] ;"qsf] cg'zf;g cg'zf;g If]q If]q af}l4af}l4
ssef}ltsef}lts cflTdscflTds ;fdflh;fdflh
sstx tx
kl/jf/ kl/jf/ d08nL d08nL ;d'bfo ;d'bfo tkfO{+sf ;tkfO{+sf ;+;f/ +;f/ jf ;f+:s[lts jf ;f+:s[lts ?kdf km/s ;?kdf km/s ;+;f/+;f/
3838
If]q If]q af}l4saf}l4s ef}ltsef}lts cflTdscflTds ;fdflhs;fdflhstx tx
kl/jf/ kl/jf/
!M !M kfl/jfl/s kfl/jfl/s cf/fwgfcf/fwgfdf df lxtf]kb]lxtf]kb]z s;/L z s;/L Jojxf/df Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;lptfg{ ;lsG5 sG5 5nkmn 5nkmn ug{'xf]ug{'xf];\ . ;\ .
@M @M a]n'sLsfa]n'sLsf] vfgf ] vfgf kl5 kl5 xKtfdf xKtfdf tLg k6s tLg k6s efF8fsF'efF8fsF'8f 8f dfem\g]dfem\g]
#M #M x/]s x/]s xKtf xKtf km/s km/s km/s km/s afnsnfafnsnfO{ O{ kfl/jfl/s kfl/jfl/s k|fy{gf k|fy{gf cu'jfO cu'jfO ug{ nfug{ nfpg'xf];\ pg'xf];\ . .
$M $M 5f]/f5f]5f]/f5f]/L /L glnOsg glnOsg >Ldfg >Ldfg >dtL >dtL 3'Dg 3'Dg hfg'xf];hfg'xf];\ . \ .
k|of]u – gd"gf
3939
If]q If]q af}l4saf}l4s ef}ltsef}lts cflTdscflTds ;fdflhs;fdflhs
tx tx
d08nd08nL L
%%= ut = ut zlgaf/ zlgaf/ k|rf/ k|rf/ ul/Psf] ul/Psf] ;Gb]z ;Gb]z ljz]ifu/L ljz]ifu/L o; xKtf o; xKtf Jojxf/df Jojxf/df ptfg'{xptfg'{xf];\f];\
^M o; ^M o; xKtf :jxKtf :j]R5fn] ]R5fn] d08nLd08nLdf ;xodf ;xof]u f]u ug{'xfug{'xf];\ .,];\ .,
&M &M xfd|f xfd|f kfi6/ kfi6/ tyf tyf cu'jfxcu'jfx?sf ?sf lglDt lglDt k|k|fy{gf fy{gf ug{ xug{ x/]s /]s lbg !lbg !% % ldg]6 ldg]6 ;do ;do 5'6\5'6\ofpg';ofpg';\\
*M *M Psn Psn cleefjcleefjs s ePsf] ePsf] s'g} s'g} Pp6f Pp6f afnsnfafnsnfO{ 3'O{ 3'dfpg dfpg n}hfg'n}hfg'; . ; .
k|of]u – gd"gf
4040
If]q If]q af}l4saf}l4s ef}ltsef}lts cflTdscflTds ;fdflhs;fdflhs
tx tx
;d'bf;d'bfo o
(= ;d'bf(= ;d'bfosf osf cfjZostf cfjZostf hfGg :yhfGg :yfgLo fgLo cu'jfsxfcu'jfsxfF hfg'; / F hfg'; / d d s;/L ;xos;/L ;xof]u ug{ f]u ug{ ;S5' ;S5' eg]/ ;f]eg]/ ;f]Wg';\ . Wg';\ .
!)= !)= d ;8slt/ d ;8slt/ hfg] hfg] a]nfdf a]nfdf o; xKtf o; xKtf x/]s x/]s lbg lbg kmf]xfkmf]xf]/ ]/ p7fP/ ;p7fP/ ;8s 8s 5]psf] 5]psf] kmf]xfkmf]xf]/sf] 9\]/sf] 9\jfªdf jfªdf /fVg]5' /fVg]5' . .
!! d !! d d]/f] d]/f] l5d]sLsl5d]sLsf] f] cfjZostcfjZostf a'em\f a'em\g] 5' / g] 5' / pgLx?pgLx?sf lglDt sf lglDt k| k|fy{gf / fy{gf / cGt/ljlcGt/ljlGt ug]Gt ug]{5' . {5' .
!@= !@= leGg} ;leGg} ;+:s[lt +:s[lt ePsf ePsf If]qx?df If]qx?df uP/ uP/ ToxfFsf ToxfFsf afnaflnsafnaflnsf;Fu f;Fu s]xL s]xL v]nx? v]nx? v]Ng';\ .v]Ng';\ .
k|of]u – gd"gf
4141
..
s=!@ tx / If]qx?df ePsf x/]s s=!@ tx / If]qx?df ePsf x/]s tx tyf If]qdf cg'zf;g k"/f tx tyf If]qdf cg'zf;g k"/f gu/];Dd x/]s xKtf ! b]lv gu/];Dd x/]s xKtf ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf] k|]dsf] cg'zf;g $ ;Ddsf] k|]dsf] cg'zf;g kfng ug{';\ . kfng ug{';\ .
cfufdL xKtfdfcfufdL xKtfdf
4242
..
s=!@ tx / If]qx?df ePsf x/]s tx tyf s=!@ tx / If]qx?df ePsf x/]s tx tyf If]qdf cg'zf;g k"/f gu/];Dd x/]s If]qdf cg'zf;g k"/f gu/];Dd x/]s xKtf ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf] k|]dsf] xKtf ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf] k|]dsf] cg'zf;g kfng ug{';\ . cg'zf;g kfng ug{';\ .
v= tkfO{+n] x/]s cg'zf;g k"/f v= tkfO{+n] x/]s cg'zf;g k"/f ug]{ qmddf clen]v agfpFb} ug]{ qmddf clen]v agfpFb} n]Vg] ug{';\. n]Vg] ug{';\.
cfufdL xKtfdfcfufdL xKtfdf
4343
..
s=!@ tx / If]qx?df ePsf x/]s tx tyf s=!@ tx / If]qx?df ePsf x/]s tx tyf If]qdf cg'zf;g k"/f gu/];Dd x/]s If]qdf cg'zf;g k"/f gu/];Dd x/]s xKtf ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf] k|]dsf] cg'zf;g xKtf ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf] k|]dsf] cg'zf;g kfng ug{';\ . kfng ug{';\ .
v= tkfO{+n] x/]s cg'zf;g k"/f ug]v= tkfO{+n] x/]s cg'zf;g k"/f ug]{ qmddf clen]v agfpFb} n]Vg] { qmddf clen]v agfpFb} n]Vg] ug{';\. ug{';\.
u= x/]s xKtf Psfk;sf lglDt s'/fsfgL u= x/]s xKtf Psfk;sf lglDt s'/fsfgL ug{, ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;fy} pT;fx lbg ug{, ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;fy} pT;fx lbg e]63f6 ug{';\ . e]63f6 ug{';\ .
cfufdL xKtfdfcfufdL xKtfdf
4444
sfo{ of]hgfsfo{ of]hgf
k|ljli6 g+ ! k|ljli6 g+ ! ÷÷ ldlt ldlt h'nfO{ % h'nfO{ %
If]q ÷ tx M If]q ÷ tx M kl/jf/ —a'l4kl/jf/ —a'l4
!= cfjZostf s] xf] / d s] ug]{5' <!= cfjZostf s] xf] / d s] ug]{5' < d}n] lgoldt cf/fwgfdf kl/jf/nfO{ g]t[Tj d}n] lgoldt cf/fwgfdf kl/jf/nfO{ g]t[Tj
ug{'k5{ . lxtf]kb]zsf kbx? k9\b} ug{'k5{ . lxtf]kb]zsf kbx? k9\b} oxL ;f]daf/b]lv ;ª\ult z'? ug]{5'. oxL ;f]daf/b]lv ;ª\ult z'? ug]{5'.
@= sf];Fu jf s;sf] lglDt < @= sf];Fu jf s;sf] lglDt < d]/f] kl/jf/d]/f] kl/jf/
#= slxn]b]lv < #= slxn]b]lv < ;f]daf/ ;f]daf/
$= sxfF < $= sxfF < a]n'sL vfgf vfPkl5 a]n'sL vfgf vfPkl5
4545
..
k|ljli6 g+ ! k|ljli6 g+ ! ÷÷ ldlt ldlt h'nfO{ % h'nfO{ %
If]q ÷ tx M If]q ÷ tx M kl/jf/ —a'l4kl/jf/ —a'l4
!= tkfO{+n] s'g cfjZostf k"/f ug{'eof] != tkfO{+n] s'g cfjZostf k"/f ug{'eof] <<b}lgs kfl/jfl/s cf/fwgf ug]{ cfjZostfb}lgs kfl/jfl/s cf/fwgf ug]{ cfjZostf
@= tkfO{+n] Tof] cfjZostf k"/f ug{'eof] <@= tkfO{+n] Tof] cfjZostf k"/f ug{'eof] <ehg;+u|x !!(M!)) k9]/ 5nkmn u/]+ . ehg;+u|x !!(M!)) k9]/ 5nkmn u/]+ .
#= k|]dsf] cg'zf;gaf6 k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{+nfO{ s] #= k|]dsf] cg'zf;gaf6 k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{+nfO{ s] l;sfpg'eof] <l;sfpg'eof] <d}n] d]/f] kl/jf/sf] cflTds j[l4sf] lglDt cu'jfO d}n] d]/f] kl/jf/sf] cflTds j[l4sf] lglDt cu'jfO ug{'k5{ . ug{'k5{ .
b}lgsLb}lgsL
4646
k|of]u – k|]dsf] ;"qsf] cg'zf;g k|of]u – k|]dsf] ;"qsf] cg'zf;g
If]q If]q af}l4af}l4ss
ef}ltsef}lts cflTdscflTds ;fdflh;fdflhsstx tx
kl/jf/ kl/jf/ h'nfO{ %
d]/f d]/f gfgLx?;FgfgLx?;Fu ehg;u ehg;+u|x !!+u|x !!(M!)) (M!)) 5nkmn 5nkmn u/]+ . u/]+ .
h'nfO{ &
yfnx? yfnx? Wff]P F Wff]P F . .
h'nfO{ (
afnaflnsafnaflnsfsf lglDt fsf lglDt !) ldg]6 !) ldg]6 k|fy{gf k|fy{gf u/]+ . u/]+ .
d08nL d08nL ;d'bfo ;d'bfo tkfO{+sf ;tkfO{+sf ;+;f/ +;f/ jf ;f+:s[lts jf ;f+:s[lts ?kdf km/s ;?kdf km/s ;+;f/+;f/
4747
k|of]u—;dk{0ftfk|of]u—;dk{0ftf
k|]dsf] klxnf] cg'zf;gsf] of]hgf k|]dsf] klxnf] cg'zf;gsf] of]hgf agfpg'xf];\ .agfpg'xf];\ .– gofF gofF – Ljlzi6 M s], sf];Fu, sxfF, slxn]Ljlzi6 M s], sf];Fu, sxfF, slxn]
atfpg'xf];\ . atfpg'xf];\ .
k|fy{gf ug{'xf];\ . k|fy{gf ug{'xf];\ .
4848
cTofjZos cg'udgcTofjZos cg'udg
lgDg s'/fsf lglDt xKtfdf e]6\lgDg s'/fsf lglDt xKtfdf e]6\g'xf];\ M g'xf];\ M
hafkmb]lxtfhafkmb]lxtf ;xof]u / xf};nf;xof]u / xf};nf k|fy{gfsf] ;xof]uk|fy{gfsf] ;xof]u
4949
cwLs hfgsf/Lsf] lglDt cwLs hfgsf/Lsf] lglDt
Links on: Links on: www.harvestfoundation.orgwww.harvestfoundation.org
syfx?syfx?
k|]dsf] cg'zf;g k|]dsf] cg'zf;g
;"q;"q
b}lgsLb}lgsL
k|]dsf] cg'zf;gk|]dsf] cg'zf;g
k|lzIfssf] gfdk|lzIfssf] gfd
;]jfsfO;]jfsfO
5151
k|]dsf] cg'zf;gsf] k|]dsf] cg'zf;gsf] k'g/fjnf]sgk'g/fjnf]sg a[l4sf] lgLDt cg'zf;g lsg dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 < a[l4sf] lgLDt cg'zf;g lsg dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 < cf1fsf/L x'g dg gk/]klg klg xfdLnfO{ lsg cf1fsf/L x'g dg gk/]klg klg xfdLnfO{ lsg
cg'zf;g rflxG5 < cg'zf;g rflxG5 < o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s] o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] e"ldsf s]
x'G5 < x'G5 < o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf] o]z"sf] :j?kdf lgdf{0f x'gdf k/d]Zj/sf]
e"ldsf s] x'G5 <e"ldsf s] x'G5 < k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k rflxF k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] s:tf] :j?k rflxF
xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 <xfdLdf ;a}eGbf a9L emlNPsf] rfxg'x'G5 < k|]d s;/L k|blz{t x'G5 < k|]d s;/L k|blz{t x'G5 <