Kanji Color

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Transcript of Kanji Color

Kinh nghim hc Nht ng V vn pht m Kanji trong ting Nht

Mc lc :A. Khi qut v m ONKUN ca Kanji...................................................Trang 2 I. Phn loi.........................................................................................Trang 2

II. Cc iu cn nh khi bn hc Kanji ................................................Trang 3 B. Mt s quy tc ghi nh pht m ca m ON ..........................................Trang 4 I. Cch c ca mt s nguyn m ngn cui ch ...........................Trang 4 II. Cch c m cui tn cng bng ph m.........................................Trang 8 III. Bin m khi ghp 2 ch Kanji vi nhau ..........................................Trang 8 IV. So snh cch c ca cc nguyn m di ........................................Trang 9 V. Onyomi cc ph m ng u trong ch Hn-Vit.........................Trang 12

Lin h m ON ca Kanji ting Nht vi ngha Hn-Vit

A. Khi qut v pht m ca KanjiKanji C 2 cch c : I. Phn loi :1. Kun-yomi ( c theo m Nht ) Thng khi Kanji ng 1 mnh n / n + hiragana Vd: ame = ma au = gp mt) Trong sch Kanji, Kun-yomi c vit bng Hiragana 2. On-yomi ( c theo m Hn ) Thng dng trong cc t ghp (Kanji +Kanji ) .Chim khong 90% Trong sch Kanji, On- yomi c k hiu bng ch Katakana.

3. Trng hp ngoi l :Nu gp trng hp ngoi l sau th ch c cch l thuc lng a) Kanji ng 1 mnh n m li c bng m Onyomi. Vd: =sch), = cng)...

b) Kanji + Kanji m li c bng m Kunyomi + Kunyomi

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Vd: =mua sm), i- ngm hoa)..

c) Kanji + Kanji m li c bng m Kunyomi + Onyomi hoc ngc li Vd: (

II . Cc iu cn nh khi bn hc Kanji* a s Kanji c c 2 cch c Kun v On. * C nhiu Kanji ch c cch c On * i vi ngi Vit, nu ai gii t Hn Vit th vic hc v hiu Kanji s d dng hn.Vd nh:

Ch Hn Hn Vit : quc ca quc gia nhn loi binh s qun nhn

y, th l khng cn bit c th no, nhng nu bn bit ch Hn ny c m Hn Vit l g th tm Ok v ngha nh....

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B. Mt s quy tc ghi nh cch pht m ca m ON trong ting Nht

I.

Cch c ca mt s nguyn m nm cui ch (tm gi l nguyn m ngn ) :

( hoc tn cng bng : nguyn m + M NTK )Cc ch Kanji c m Hn Vit tn cng bng nguyn m

a) A, OA: Onyomi phn ln s tn cng bng ct trong bng HiraganaTh d: GIA BA TA CAN BN QUT ------

AI, OAI, OI: Onyomi phn ln s tn cng bng ct + m trong bng HiraganaTh d : KHI -

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HI KHOI TI

- - - -

( + ph m ) : trc trong Hn vit l ph m PH, QU th Onyomi s cha ct Th d : PHN PHT QUT ---

+ Cn li a s Onyomi thay bng ct (trc khng c ph m PH, QU)Th d : CN NHN MN --- ,

b) O/: Onyomi phn ln s thay bng ct trong bng HiraganaTh d : H C L KHN ----

: vi ch c cc ch sau :C S --

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SN

--

AN/ N - -

c) -trng hp I/Y - trng hp , U (vi ph m trc n l L) - trng hp UY khi ph m trc UY l m c nh (ngha l ph m trc UY l D, NG, H hoc khng c ph m trc ) *Th : Onyomi s thay bng trong bng HiraganaTh d : VI LY NGUY NGY HUY LUN LUT *Ring : SUT ---------

+ UY cn li (ngha l ph m trc UY khng phi l D, NG, H , T): Onyomi s c (ct + ch )Th d : XUY SUY --

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TY

--

d) , U: Onyomi + s tn cng bng khi ngha Hn-Vit c PH, TH trc n + a s cn li Onyomi s tn cng bng ct + m Th d : M TH Ngoi l : L ----

e) U/: ui ny kh lung tung, c nhiu ngoi l Onyomi phn ln s tn cng bng ct trong Hiragana + thnh khi ph m u trc n c th ghp vi + thnh khi ph m u trc n khng th ghp vi + Trng hp Onyomi tn cng l : Nu m Hn Vit c ph m l T, S th Onyomi chn chn s l Nu m Hn Vit c ph m l TH th Onyomi mt s s l , mt s s l Th d: L N TH T S -----

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TH TH

---

II. Cch c m cui tn cng bng ph m :Cc ch Kanji c m Hn Vit tn cng bng ph m : a) N/M: Onyomi chc chn s tn cng bng Th d : HON TN NAM THAM ----

b) T: Onyomi chc chn s tn cng bng Th d : ST -

THUYT - -

c) C, CH: Onyomi phn ln s tn cng bng , ring ngha Hn-Vit tn cng bng ICH th s bin thnh ct + m Th d : QUC BC TCH XCH DCH -----

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III. Bin m khi ghp 2 ch Kanji vi nhau :Bin m xc m (tsu nh) : khi ghp 2 ch Kanji li vi nhau, nu ch trc c m tit th 2 l hoc v ch Kanji sau pht m bt u vi cc ph m bt mi mnh l : p, t, k, ch, s, sh th m tit th 2 ca ch trc khng c pht m v bin thnh xc m (tsu nh) V d: -p -t -k -s - ch : : : :

:

-> Suy ra 1 yu t quan trng trong phn bin m gia b v p nn ghi nh ch ny l: sau (tsu nh) chc chn l bin m maru p

IV. Tip theo ta so snh cch c ca cc nguyn m di trn phn I ta tm hiu cch c 1 s nguyn m ngn n gin, phn di y ta s tm hiu nhng nguyn m di c cch c tng i phc tp hn :

a) INH, UYNH, ENH, ANH : thng Onyomi chuyn thnh ct + m * Ring trng hp trc INH, UYNH, ENH c B, H, S, T, TH th ch c 2 m On, ngoi m On ct + m cn c 1 m On khc . m On th 2 ny thng c phn nguyn m cha Th d : SINH -

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BINH HUYNH HUNH INH

-----

Th d :

ANH DANH LNH

----

Ngoi l :

BNH - - NGNH - -

MANH -

-

CANH - , -

b) YE, IE, UYE : Phn ln Onyomi chuyn thnh ct Th d : THIN XUYN -- ,

NGUYT - -

c) U : Phn ln Onyomi c phn nguyn cha (nh) + m Th d : NGU LU TU HU SU TU - - - - - -

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U : thng Onyomi c phn nguyn m cha (nh) . Nu trc U l ph m QU hoc c ph m H th Onyomi c phn nguyn m cha ct Th d : TUN THUN XUN HUN QUT - - - - -

d) YEU, IEU, IEP, UONG : hu ht Onyomi c nguyn m cha Th d : YU LIU DIP - - -

CHIU, TRIU - -

e) AU, AP, UNG : gm 2 trng hp : Onyomi s c phn nguyn m cha nu trc AU, AP n c ph m : K, C, CH, TR, TH, NG (thm trng hp trc AP c ph m t), v trc UNG c D, H, CH, TR, S hoc UNG khng c ph m pha trcTh d : CU NHP HP - - -

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Onyomi c phn nguyn m cha Ct + m trong cc trng hp cn liTh d : PHP HU TU - - -

e) AO, OANH : hu ht Onyomi c phn nguyn m cha Ct + m Th d : CAO AO HONH - - -

V. Onyomi cc ph m ng u trong ch Hn-Vit: phn trn chng ta tm hiu cch c ca a s nguyn m, d nhin trong cng c mt s trng hp ngoi l nhng vn c th ni kh nng quy lut c ca nguyn m l rt ln. Phn V ny ta tm hiu v cch c ph m u ca ch Hn-Vit nh th no. Lu rng nu so vi nhng quy lut c ca nguyn m th phn c ph m u ny c 1 s quy lut khng r rng lm.

a) C, K, KH, GI, H, QU : Phn ln Onyomi c phn ph m u l K( d nh th C, K, KH, GI, H, QU l nhng m m trong ting vit hu ht khi pht m nhng m ny th chng ta h ming nhng khng bt mi )

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+ *QU ( nu sau QU c m ) : Onyomi c ph m u l G v phn nguyn m s thuc ct Th d : CAI KHM GII H QU - - - - -

*QUN *QUT *QUN

- - - -

b) B, PH : Phn ln Onyomi c ph m u l H *c bit *B, PH : thng Onyomi s c ph m u l F, khi nguyn m On khng c trng m v thuc ct Th d : BC BI BCH PHIU - - - -

Th d :

* B * BT *PH *PHC

- - - - -

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*PHT

- -

c) D, V : Phn ln Onyomi thng b lc b ph m u, (ring VONG -> )Th d : DT DCH D VIN - - - -

d) : Thng Onyomi c ph m T mt s nh thnh D ( ring DIEU -> )Th d : AO U I ON C - - - - -

e) L : Hu ht Onyomi s c ph m u l RTh d : L LIU LONG - - -

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f) M: Thng Onyomi c ph m B s khc thnh M ( trng hp sau n i km vi trng m thng l c thnh B, cn li c th B hoc M kh phn bit )Th d : MCH MIN MI MIU - - - -

g) N : Onyomi thng c ph m u l N nhng nu sau N c ch O( O, , OA) v khng c trng m th Onyomi c ph m u l DTh d : NIM NIU N NAN - - - -

h) NG : Phn ln Onyomi c ph m u l G, 1 s nh c ph m KTh d : NGH NGH - -

NGHIM - -

i) NH : Hi phc tp, c th chia n thnh 3 trng hp sau : + Thng ph Onyomi l G khi phn nguyn m sau n thuc ct Th d : NHAN -

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NH NHC

- - -

+ Thng Onyomi l N khi phn nguyn m sau n thuc ct Th d : NHIN NHIT NHIM - - -

+ Thng Onyomi l J khi phn nguyn m sau n thuc ct Th d : NHO NH - -

NHNG - -

j) CH, T, TH, S, X : phn ln Onyomi c ph m u l SSH, mt s nh n c th bin m sang ZJ(trng hp ph m u l SH : khi nguyn m On cha hoc trng m ,) ( d nh th CH, T, TH, S, X l nhng m m trong ting vit khi pht m th hm rng ban u phi cn li sau mi c th bt hi pht ra )

+ Mt s trng hp ca TH c nguyn m On cha ( nh) th ph m On l JTh d : CHNG TON TNG THUN XUN - - - - -

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k) TR : Mt s Onyomi c ph m u l CH, mt s Onyomi khc c ph m u l T, S, J rt kh phn bit ( Thng Onyomi c m ON cha th chc chn ph m u phi l T )Th d : TR TRC TRI, TR TRINH - - - -

V vn pht m Kanji nht ng trn do mnh su tp trn mt s website cng vi phn b sung ca mnh. ng thi mnh thng k li thnh mt Ebook cc bn hc ting nht tin vic tham kho

Bin son : Email :

V Minh Vng [email protected]

Chc cc bn hc tt Nht ng !

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