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KaK oqeHHTb npoiiHOCTb cTeKnoaonoKHa HOW TO EVALUATE STRENGTH FOR DENTAL FIBER REIN­FORCEMENTS

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How do we evaluate strength for a dental material? Marketers use the word

<<strength>> to sell materials, but more often than not, their use of the term strength is

misleading and lacks relevance for predicting clinical success. The famous material

scientist Professor J.E. Gordon wrote in his book The New Science of Strong

Materials that fracture toughness tends to be more important for determining struc­

tural success than flexural strength of flexural modulus. This document describes how

to evaluate the fracture toughness of a fiber reinforcement material.

defining fracture toughness for fiber reinforcements, fracture toughness, energy

absorption.

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oTpa)KeHo He Ha nHKe KpMBOH (rrpMMepHo 120 HhiO­

TOHOB). Ha caMOM .LJ,eJie 3To CYMMapHaH 3HeprHH,

KOTOpa5l l13MepHeTC51 COBOKynHOCThiO ,ll,JIMH BCeX

nocTynaTeJihHhiX KOJie6aHl1H KpMsotf ssepx. Tpa.LJ,M­

liMOHHhre npOTOKOJihl VICITbTTaHMH IlpOLJHOCTM Ha

l13fl16 He cpl1KCI1pyiOT 3TOT cpeHOMeH COBOKynHOH

3Hepfl111 Ilpl1 TeCTI1pOBaHMM apMMpOBaHHOfO BO­

JIOKHa Ha y.LJ,apHyiO B513KOCTb.

rpacp1t1K 4. CyMMapHa!l lHepnl!l

z

"' '§! "i--t------,i"---t--h--d\--11---t--1 '-

"' s:

gecpopMaU.It1~ np111 1113r1116e (%)

Pa6oTa pa3pyweHHR

Ba)l(HbiM KpMTepHeM B MaTepHaJIOBe.LJ,eHMH HBllil­

eTCH pa6oTa pa3pyrneHM5l. Pa6oTa pa3pyrneHM5l - 3TO

nepeaoAbl •

KOJIM'leCTBO 3Heprl111, KOTOpOe rpe6yeTC5I ,ll,llil pa3py­

WeHl15J MaTepMaJia. IlrrOIIJ.a.LJ,h IlO,ll, Kpl1BOH «HanpH­

)J(eHMe - .LJ,ecpopMalll151>> npe.LJ,cTaBllileT co6otf KOJIH­

LJeCTBO 3Heprl1l1, He06XO,ll,l1MOe ,ll,llil pa3pyrneHM51 Ma­

TepHaJia. Ha rpa¢11Ke 5 MO)KHO ysM,ll,eTb, ':ITO ,ll,llil pa3-

pyweHMH o6pa3u:os apMHposaHHoro BOJIOKHa PM6-

6oH.LJ, Y JihTpa Tpe6yeTcH ropa3.LJ,O 6oJihwe pa6oThi pa3-

pyweHM51 ( 06IIJ.a5l IlJIOIII,a.LJ,b IlO,ll, Kpl1BOH), '!eM ,ll,llil

HeapMMpOBaHHblX KOMTI03MTHhlX o6pa3U:OB.

100

z "' 1S \0 s: '-~ so

"' c:; j

rpacp1t1K 5. Pa6oTa pa3pyweHI1!1

/ /

/ J"Pa5 rap 3pyw

h \

3HI.1Sl

~

\ •

HeapM1t1posaHHbli1 KOM003&.1T

0 2S

.I~ I 2

gecpopMau.~t~~ np111 111 3r1116e (%)

rpacp1t1K 6. Pa3fll1'll1!1 Me>KAY pa6oTaMI1 pa3pyweHI1!1

12 s

z ~ 100

"' \0 s: '- 7

"' s:

"'

s

c:; so s: u

I I IJ

'1/ I 0

/ h / \ lr

/ i\ \

~ I 2 3 5

P1.1660HA YnbTpa

CTeKnosonoKHO

gecpopMaL(~t~~ np~t~~t~3r~t~6e (%)

fpacpMK 6 IT03BOllileT cpaBHMTh Tl1Tll1'-1HyiO KpM­

ByiO npOLJHOCTI1 Ha M3fM6 y apMI1pOBaHHOfO CTeK­

JIOBOJIOKHa C O,ll,HOHarrpaBJieHHbiMM BOJIOKHaMM M

KpHByiO rrpolfHOCTM Ha H3rM6 y P1166oH.LJ, YJibTpa. B

cpaBHeHMM C HeapMI1pOBaHHbiM KOMil03l1TOM CTeK­

JIOBOJIOKHO yseJIM'lMBaeT npO'lHOCTb Ha 113fl16 M MO-

)J(eT .LJ,a)J(e yseJII1':111Tb MO.LJ,YJih ynpyrOCTVI

npM l13rM6e. YKpenJieHMe cTeKJIOBOJIOK­

HOM, B03MO)KHO, .LJ,aeT 60JihlliyiO np0'-1-

HOCTb Ha H3rM6, 'leM PM66oH.LJ, YJibTpa.

O.LJ,HaKo KaK M B pa6oTe c xpynKMM MaTe­

pHaJIOM, eCJil1 CTeKJIOBOJIOKHO XOTb He­

MHOfO TIOBpe)J(,ll,aeTCH, TO pa3pyrnaeTC51

ITOJIHOCTbiO.

KaK BM.LJ,HO Ha rpa¢HKe 6, MaTepMaJI

MO)J(eT M.MeTb 60Jiee BbiCOKyiO npO'lHOCTb

Ha l1.3fM6 M, B03MO)KHO, TaK)J(e 6oJiee Bbi­

COKMH MO.LJ,yJih ynpyrOCTl1. Ilpl1. M3fM6e,

LJeM .LJ,pyrotf MaTepM.aJI, HO 3Tl1 6oJiee Bbi­

COKMe TIOKa3aTeJIM .LJ,aHHblX BM,ll,OB npO'lHOCTM He 5JB­

JI5JIOTC5l 3aJIOfOM ycrrelliHOfO TIOCTpOeHM51 KOHCTpyK­

U:l111. 06maJI TIJIOIIJ.a,Llb no.LJ, KpMBOH P11.66oH.LJ, YJibTpa

HaMHOfO 60Jibllie, '!eM 06Ill,a5l IlJIOIIJ.a.LJ,b IlO,ll, TMITM'l-

7"1

• nepeBOAbl

HOM KpMBOM CTeKJIOBOJIOKHa C O)J,HOHanpaBJieHHbiMM

BOJIOKHaMM, 3TO YJ(a3bmaeT Ha TO, ':ITO PM66oH.n

YnbTpa 6bTJI 6hr 6onee CTOMKMM K nonoMKaM. Ll,)l(.

fop)J,OH, Bep05ITHO, CKa3aJI 6hi , ':ITO B 3TOM c.n:yqae Ma­

Tep11aJI C 6onee HM3KOM npO':IHOCThlO Ha M3m6 (PM6-

60H)J, YnbTpa) 6y.neT .neMOHCTpMpoBaTh 6onee MM­

TeJibHbiM KJIMHWieCKMM3<:j:><:j:>eKT, ':!eM apMMpOBaHHOe

CTeKJIOBOJIOKHO, IIOCKOJibKY OH 6onee CTOMKMM K TIO­

JTOMKaM.

OnpeAelleHMe np••••w

KIIMHMII8CKMX H8YA811 B YCTOHIIMBOM

K paCKallbiBBHMIO M&TepMane

c BIIICOKOii YACIPHOii BA3KOCTbiO

Xoporno BbinOJIHeHHbre apMMpoBaHHbre a.nre-

3MBHbre KOHCTPYKU1111 M HaKJia.UKM 6y.nyT npo.non­

)l(aTb <:j:>yHKUHOHMpOBaTb )J,3)1(e IIOCJJe IIMKOBOH

Harpy3KM Ha HMX. 0Hl1 <:J:>YHKU110HMpyiOT )J,OJT)I(HblM

o6pa30M , TIOKa He COfHyTCH )],0 TaKOM CTeneHH , ':ITO

CHI1311TC5f ypoBeHb 11x np0113BO.UMTeJJhHOCTM. Ka)I(­

.UbiM KJTMHM':IeCKHM CJiylJaM MH,lJ,MBM.UyaneH , 11 B

K a)I()J,OM KOHKpeTHOM KJIMHI1':1eCKOM CJiyqae Bpaq

MJIH nauMeHT CaMOCTOHTeJTbHO OIIpe.nemiiOT C60M B

<:j:>yHKUMOHMpoBaHHH H3-3a CTPYKTYPHOii .ne<:J:>op­

MaUHH. CTeneHb cTpYJ<TypHoii.ne<:j:>opMaUMH B o .n­

HOM CJT)"lae MO)I(eT 11MeTb a6COJTIOTHO .npyroe orrpe­

)J,eJieHMe KJIMHWieCKOM 3<:j:><:j:>eKTMBHOCTM , ':!eM 3Ta

)l(e CTeneHb .ne<:j:>opMaUMM B .npyroM cny'!ae.

lpacjlVIK 7. OnpeAeneHiile Knli1Hii1'lecKolil HeyAa'llil (P111660HA YnbTpa)

12 5

h : / 100 v \

z ~ I

"' 5

:\ \0 / s '-

"' 0 s / \ "' l I c;

s I u 5

I I I

I 0

1 2 ' 4 5

AecjlopMaljVIH npVI Vl3rV~6e (%)

fpa<:j:>MK 7 )J,eMOHCTpMpyeT KpMBbie 3aBMCMMOCTM

.ne<:j:>opMaU1111 OT HarrpiDK.eH1151. 3a TIYHKT11pHOH JTI1HI1-

eti , YJ<a3biBalOIUMe fl1IIOTeTH.'!eCKYIO TO'!KY, r.ne

KOHCTPYKU1151. Bbi:i1.neT M3 3KCIIJiyaTaU1111113-3a M3fM-

6a. B 3TOT MOMeHT pa6oTa pa3pyrneH1151. MO)I(eT 6hiTb

onpe.neneHa M3MepeHMeM o6IIIei1 rrnorua.nM rro.n

KOHKpeTHOH Kp11BOH HanpiDK.eH1151. - .ne<:j:>OpMaUHM.

Bo3MO)I(HO, ycTOii':IHBhrii K pacKony MaTepHan ~e

)J,OCTHT CBOeti MaKCMMaJihHOM Harpy3KM, HO IIpH 3TOM

OH BCe erue MO)I(eT 6biTb B KJIMHH':IeCKOM 3KCnJiyaTa­

l11111 - )J,3)1(e npM IIpi1BbillleHI1M MaKCHMaJibHO )],0-

nyCTHMOH Harpy3KM. Tpa.nMUHOHHbie npoTOKOJihi

TecToB Ha H3rl16 He y':IHThiBaiOT 3Toro 5IBJieHM5f.

lpacjlVIK 8. OnpeAeneHiile Knli1Hii1'leCKolil HeyAa'llil (P111660HA T1i13lil'l3M)

125

100

2S 75

"' \0 s ~ 50 s

"' c; s 25 u

0

I

/ .....,.,....,..

1'--.'\ I /""

.J.~# ,/"

I ~~~

/ ~ 0 2 ' 5

AecjlopMa l1V15l npV1 Vl 3rV16e (%)

fpa<:j:>HK 8 IIOK33biBaeT pa60TY pa3pyrueHIDI (o6-

IUa51. nnorua.nh no.n KpH.Boi1) B P1166oH.n Tl13i1'!3M.

npeMMyllleCTBa PM660HA YnbTpa HaA PM660HA TM3iii3M M PM66oHA OpMAJKMHan

XoTH crreuHanHCThi no BOJIOKOHHOMY KOMTI0311-

TY C':II1TalOT y.napHYIO B51.3KOCTh 6onee Ba)I(HOM xa­

paKTep11CTI1KOH MaTep11ana, '!eM npOLJHOCTb Ha 113-

fl16 M MO.UYJTb yrrpyrOCTl1 np11 113fM6e, 3TO He 03Ha­

qaeT, ':ITO IIOCJTe)J,HHe xapaKTepMCTI1KI1 He Ba)I(Hbi.

Mo.nynh ynpyrocTM rrpH l13rH:6e HBJIHeTCH Me­

poii )l(eCTKOCTM, ':ITO 0 3HalfaeT COTipOTI1BJTeHHe Ma­

TepMana Ha 113fl16 HJIM , eCJIH C<:j:>OpMyJIMpOBaTb 3TO

11Halfe, - e ro CKOpOCTb M3fl16aHMH.

P1166oH.n YnhTpa co'!eTeT B ce6e o.nHoBpeMeHHO

npo':IHOCTb 11 conpoTHBJTeHH:e Ha l13JIOM. TpaeKTO­

pH:H Kp11Boi1 P11:66oH.n Y JJbTpa Jie)I(HT npaKTH':IecKM

no IIpHMOM 11 rrapanneJibHa aHaJIOfl1'!HOH Kpl1BOH

XpyriKOfO , HeapM11pOBaHHOfO KOMII03MTa.

3TO YJ(a3biBaeT Ha TO, ':ITO ero MO.UYJih ynpyrOCTI1

Tip11 M3fl16e 5IBJTHeTC5.1 TaKMM )l(e, K3K 11 y o6pa3UOB

HeapMH:poBaHHoro KOMII0311Ta . HeapMMpoBaHHbr:H

KOMII03MT pacTpeCKMBaeTCH np11: Harpy3Ke B 30 H.

KpHBaH P1166oH.n YnhTpa rrp11 TaKoii Harpy3Ke ocTa­

eTCH OTHOCHTeJTbHO IIpHMOH, TIOKa Harpy3Ka He )J,OC­

TH:raeT 85 H , rrocne 3Toro cKopocn l13rH6a Kpl1Boi1

P1166oH.n YnbTpa cyliieCTBeHHO MeHH.eTcH. XoTH

cKopocTh l13m6amtH Kp11Boi1 P1166oH.n YnhTpa 11: M3-

MeHMnach Ha ypOBHe Harpy3Kl1 85 H, HO no-rrpe)I(­

HeMy .UBH:)I(eTcH BBepx no o6ruei1 TpaeKTOpMH 11 .noc­

TMraeT rrp11MepHo 120 H rrp11 .ne<:j:>opMaU1111 B 4,4%. PM66oH.n TM3i1':I3M MMeeT TaKo:ti )l(e MO,lJ,YJJb yn­

pyrocTH: np11 113r116e, KaK 11 P1166oH.n YnhTpa, HO

TOJibKO .no ypoBIDI Harpy3KM B 34 H. llp11: Harpy3Ke

CBhrrne 34 H o6ruee HanpaBneHMe KpH:Boii CYIIIeCT­

BeHHO MeHHeTcH. HecMoTpH Ha To, ':ITO P1166oH.n

OpM.U)I(MHan He yqacTBOBan B recT11poBaHI1M, y 3TO­

ro npo.nyKTa 6hiJI 6hr 6onee Hl13KMi1 rroKa3aTeJib MO­

.nynH ynpyrOCTM IIp11113fM6e 11 IIOKa3aTeJib IIpO'IHOC­

TH Ha M3m6. KaK 11: .npyrHe npo.nYJ<Thr PH:66oH.n,

P11:66oH,1J, Opl1,1J,)I(MHan noKa3an 6bi 3Ha':IMTeJihHO 5o­

nee BbiCOKMe 3Ha':IeHM5f y.napHOH B513KOCTM, ':IeM He­

apM11pOBaHHble TeCTOBbie o6pa3Ubi.

lpa<jJVIK 9. MoAynb ynpyrocn1 j >KecTKOCTb(P1-166oHA YnbTpa)

ro \0 s L ~ 50~+-~#--+----+----r--_,~__,

ro c:;

0 25~~4----+----~--~---+-+~

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

ge<jlopMal(VI~ npVI V131V16e (%) *-nVIHI-1~ , noKa3biBaiOll(a~ TpaeKTOpi-110 KpVIBOVi

Pn66oHLJ: YnbTpa nMeeT 6onee BbiCOKH:ti MOLJ:YJib

yrrpyrocTM rrpM M3rM6e, qeM Pn660HLJ: TM3ti'!3M H

Pn66oHLJ: OpHLJ:)!(HHaJI. IlHKOBaH Harpy3Ka y Pn6-

60HLJ: Ynhrpa HaMHoro Bblille, qeM y Pn660HLJ:

Tn3ifq3M n y PH660HLJ: OpHLJ:)KJi[HaJI. HeMaJIOBa)l(­

HO I1 TO, 'iTO eCJIH Mbl l13MepHM 06ll1yl0 TTJIOUJ,aLJ:b

TTOLJ: KpMBblMM llpH llHKOBblX Harpy3KaX, TO YBHLJ:HM,

'iTO y Pn660HLJ: YnbTpa 3Ta IIJIOll1aLJ:b HaMHoro 6onb­

rue, 'ieM y LJ:pyrHX o6pa3UOB. 3TOT cj:>aKTOp CBMLJ:e-

nepeBOAbl .

lpa<jJVIK 10. MoAynb ynpyroCTI-1 / >KecTKOCTb (P1-166oHA Tt.13ai!Y3M)

z ro

\0 s L

"' s ro c:; s u

125

100

75 * 50

25 tA l l.f

0 0

/_, ...,/"'"\- ........ '\

/~

,,.,rvtr ~"'' ~ ~

ge<jlopMal\VI~ npVI l-131!-16e (%) * -nVIHI-1~. noKa3biBaiOll(a~ TpaeKTOpi-110 Kpi-1BOVi

TeJibCTByeT Tal()l(e 0 6onee BbiCOKOM IIOKa3aTeJTe pa-

60Tbi Ha pa3pyrnemTe. Y Pn66oHLJ:a YnhTp a ecTb n

LJ:pyrHe npenMymecTBa. OH TOHbiiie n YLJ:06Hee LJ:JTH

nauHeHTa, a Tal()l(e nMeeT nyqiiine xapaKTepncTHKH

nnacrw-IHOCTH. XopOIIIHM ypoBeHb rrnacTM'iHOCTH

MaTepHaJia TT03BOJUieT 6onee 'ieTKO IIOBT0p 5.1Tb KOH­

Typbl 3y60B, a 3TO LJ:aeT B03MO)l(H0CTb CLJ:eJiaTb 6oJTee

TOHKl1M KJieeBOM IIIOB I1 IIOJiyqHTb JiyqiiiMM 3cj:>cj:>eKT

naMHHI1pOBaHM5f.

nHTepaTypa

1. James Edward Gordon, The new Science of Strong Materials, Princeton University Press, 1968.

2. David N. Rudo, DDS, and Vistasp Karbhari, ME, PhD, Physical Beha· vior Of Fiber Reinforcement As Applied To Tooth Stabilization, Den­tal Clinics Of North America, Volume 43, Number 1, January 1999.

3. Howard Strassler, DMD, and Vistasp Karbhari, ME, PhD, Effect Of Fi­ber Architecture On Flexural Characteristics And Fracture Toughness

of Fiber-Reinforced Dental Composites, Dental Materials, 2006. 4. Dr. David Rudo's personal correspondences with Professor Vistasp

Karhari ME, PhD 1997-2006 -In 2006 Vistasp Karhari was professor of material science, structural engineering, University of California, San Diego. He is currently the president of the University of Texas­at Arlington.