JWST Science
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Transcript of JWST Science
![Page 1: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
JWST Science
• 4-chart version follows
![Page 2: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
End of the dark ages: first light and reionization
• What are the first galaxies?• When did reionization occur?
– Once or twice?
• What sources caused reionization?
Patchy Absorption
Redshift
Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength
Lyman Forest Absorption
Black Gunn-Peterson trough
z<zi
z~zi z>zi
Neutral IGM
.
• Ultra-Deep NIR survey (1.4 nJy), spectroscopic & Mid-IR confirmation.
• QSO spectra: Ly-α forest• Galaxy spectra: Balmer lines
(2x10-19 ergs/cm2/sec)
![Page 3: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The assembly of galaxies
• Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
• How did the heavy elements form?• Can we test hierarchical formation
and global scaling relations?• What about ULIRGs and AGN?
Galaxies in GOODS Field
• Wide-area imaging survey• R=1000 spectra of 1000s of
galaxies at 1 < z < 6• Targeted observations of ULIRGs
and AGN
![Page 4: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
• How do clouds collapse?• How does environment affect
star-formation?– Vice-versa?
• What is the low-mass IMF?
• Imaging of molecular clouds• Survey “elephant trunks”• Survey star-forming clusters
Deeply embedded protostar
Agglomeration & planetesimals Mature planetary system
Circumstellar disk
The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST
The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared
![Page 5: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Planetary systems and the origins of life
• How do planets form?• How are circumstellar disks
like our Solar System?• How are habitable zones
established?
Simulated JWST imageFomalhaut at 24 microns
• Extra-solar giant planets– Coronagraphy
• Spectra of circumstellar disks, comets and KBOs
• Spectra of icy bodies in outer Solar System
Titan
Malfait et al 1998
Spitzer image
![Page 6: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
JWST Science
• 2-chart version follows
![Page 7: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
End of the dark ages: first light and reionization
• What are the first galaxies?• When did reionization occur?
Patchy Absorption
Redshift
Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength
Lyman Forest Absorption
Black Gunn-Peterson trough
z<zi
z~zi z>zi
Neutral IGM
. The assembly of galaxies
• Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
• How did the heavy elements form?
Galaxies in GOODS Field
Simulated JWST spectra showing the epoch of reionization
![Page 8: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
• How do clouds collapse?• How does environment affect
star formation?
Deeply embedded protostar
Agglomeration & planetesimals Mature planetary system
Circumstellar disk
Planetary systems and the origins of life
• How do planets form?• How are circumstellar disks
like our Solar System?
Shu et al theory of planetary system formation
Simulated JWST imageSpitzer image
Fomalhaut dust disk at 24 microns
![Page 9: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
JWST Science
• 1-chart version follows
![Page 10: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
JWST Science
The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST
The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared
• Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
• Planetary systems and the origins of life
Galaxies in the UDF
• End of the dark ages: first light and reionization
• The assembly of galaxies
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JWST Science
• 13-chart detailed version follows
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End of the dark ages: first light and reionization
Hubble Ultra Deep Field
… to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe.
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What are the first galaxies?
• The first galaxies are small and faint
• Their light is redshifted into infrared.
• They are made of low-metallicity, massive stars.– SNe! GRBs!
• Observations:– Ultra-deep NIR field– Follow-up Spect, MIR– Timing for transients
Zoom in to Hubble Ultra Deep Field
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When and how did reionization occur?
• Reionization happened at z>6
• WMAP says maybe twice?
• Probably galaxies, maybe quasar contribution
• Observations:– Spectra of the most
distant quasars– Spectra of faint galaxies
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The assembly of galaxies
M81 by Spitzer
… to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day.
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Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?How did the heavy elements form?
• Galaxy assembly is a process of hierarchical merging
• Components of galaxies have variety of ages & compositions
• Observations:– NIRCam imaging
– Spectra of 1000s of galaxies
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What are the physical processes that determine galaxy properties?
What about starbursts and black holes?
• Global scaling relations between luminosity, size, kinematics and metallicity.
• Tight correlation between mass of central black holes and surrounding galaxy
• Observations:– MIR spectroscopy– Velocity dispersion– MIR emission lines
HST + radio image of active galaxy
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Birth of stars and protoplanetary systemsBirth of stars and protoplanetary systems
David Hardy
… to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems.
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How do proto-stellar clouds collapse?• Stars form in small regions
collapsing gravitationally within larger molecular clouds.
• We can see through thick, dusty clouds in the infrared.
• Protostars begin to shine within the clouds, revealing temperature and density structure.
• Observations:– Deep NIR and MIR imaging of
dark clouds and proto-stars
Barnard 68 in visible lightBarnard 68 in infrared
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How does environment affect star-formation and vice-versa?
What is the sub-stellar initial mass function?
• Massive stars produce winds and radiation– Either disrupt star formation, or
causes it.
• The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf stars and planets is unknown– Different processes? Or
continuum?
• Observations:– Survey dark clouds, “elephant
trunks” and star-forming regionsThe Eagle Nebula as seen by HST
The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared
![Page 21: JWST Science](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062422/5681362b550346895d9da41a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Planetary systems and the origins of life
Robert Hurt
… to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and to investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems.
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How do planets form?
• Giant planets could be signpost of process that creates Earth-like planets
• Solar System primordial disk is now in small planets, moons, asteroids and comets
• Observations:– Coronagraphy of exosolar planets– Compare spectra of comets and circumstellar disks
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How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?
Here is anillustration ofwhat MIRI mightfind within thevery young corein Ophiuchus,VLA 1623
artist’s concept ofprotostellar diskfrom T. Greene, Am. Scientist
approximate field for NIRSpec & MIRI integral field spectroscopy
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How are habitable zones established?
• Source of Earth’s H20 and organics is not determined– Comets? Asteroids?
• History of clearing the disk of gas and small bodies– Role of giant planets?
• Observations:– Comets, Kuiper Belt Objects– Icy moons in outer solar
system
Titan